i^Hi&^i^i^tiK.iU.^l'-Si-J.lj'^fL'f':     * ,.  .^^i 


ENTENNIAL 


ELEBRATION 


178  0    -  1 8  8 


/orrrjuAi^D, 


«!Ei^is» 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT   LOS  ANGELES 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/centennialcelebrOOportiala 


1786 1886 

GENtENNIAL  GEUEBRAtlON 


AN    ACCOUNT 


OF  THE 


MfciNlGIPAIi    GeLEBRATION 


OF  THE 


ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY 


OF  THE 


Inrorporaiion  of  \^f  ^n\an  of  porflanb 


JULY  4:XH,   5th  and  6TH,  1886 


EDITED  BY  JOHN  T.  HULL 

UNDER     THE     DIRECTION    OF    THE     PUBLICATION    COMMITTEE     OF     THE 

CITY    COUNCIL 


PORTLAND : 

Printed  by  Owen,  Strout   &   Company 
mdccclxxxvi 


K' 


^ 


4 


w^ 


CONTKNTS 


PAGE. 

I.    Preface,  ...  ....  5 

tv^  II.    Proposed   Celebration  —  Action    of   the   City   Council 

^  AND  Committees,  ......  17 

HI.    Trades'   Procession — School    Division  —  Committee    on 

Sunday  Services,  ......  50 

IV.    The  First  Day,  Sunday,  July  4TH  —  Centennial  Sermons 

—  Sunday  Services,       ......  57 

V.  The  Second  Day,  Monday,  July  5TH  —  Accounts  of  the 
Procession  —  Afternoon  Exercises  —  Balloon  Ascen- 
sion—  Sham  Fight,        ......  210 

VI.  The  Third  Day,  Tuesday,  July  6th — Regatta — Exercises 
AT  the  City  Hall  —  Ode  —  Oration  —  Poem — Hymn  — 
Excursion  to  the  Islands  —  Clam  Bake,  .  .  270 

VII.  Evening  Exercises  at  City  Hall  —  Addresses  —  Poems  — 
High  School  Re-union  —  Fire  Works — Action  of  the 
City  Council,      .......         313 

VIII.    Appendix  —  Correspondence,  Letters,  Etc.,  .  .         345 


212C42 


PRKFACE. 


That  part  of  Falmouth,  which  was  called  the  Neck, 
now  our  City  of  Portland,  was  in.  1775  nearly  destroyed 
by  the  British  fleet,  under  the  command  of  Mowatt. 
Most  of  its  buildings,  with  their  contents,  were  burnt, 
and  the  inhabitants  scattered.  During  the  remaining 
years  of  the  war  very  little  was  done  towards  the 
re-building  of  the  town  and  the  restoration  of  its 
business.  Its  exposed  situation  on  the  sea,  and  the 
uncertainity  as  to  the  continuance  or  the  results  of  the 
war,  prevented  any  improvement  in  the  growth  or  busi- 
ness of  the  place.  But  in  1783,  after  peace  was  declared, 
and  the  Thirteen  Colonies  took  a  place  as  one  of  the 
nations  of  the  world,  a  great  change  took  place.  The 
situation  of  the  Neck  as  a  place  of  commercial  import- 
ance was  so  apparent  to  its  inhabitants  that  the  work 
of  re-building  the  town,  the  re-construction  of  the 
place,  and  the  improvement  of  its  business,  was  com- 
menced by  its  citizens  with  vigor  and  industry.  People 
in  other  localities  began  to  appreciate  the  natural  ad- 
vantages which  were  possessed  by  the  Neck,  and  many 
emigrants  (largely  from  Massachusetts)  turned  their 
attention  to  the  place,  which  afterwards  was  known  as 
"the  beautiful  town  by  the  sea."  There  were  numerous 
accessions  to  the  population  for  the  few  years  suc- 
ceeding the  declaration  of  peace. 

The  first  question  of  public  importance  which  came 
before  our  fathers  was  that  of  the  division  of  the  old 


6  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Town  of  Falmouth,  and  the  setting  off  of  the  Neck 
into  a  separate  municipality.  The  feeling  among  the 
inhabitants  of  the  Neck  was,  that  they  had  but  slight 
connections  with  the  other  part  of  the  town,  their 
interests  were  distinct,  that  they  differed  in  all  measures 
affecting  them,  they  were  at  town-meeting  constantly 
outvoted  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  larger  part  of  the 
town,  whose  larger  area  also  contained  a  larger  number 
of  inhabitants.^  And  so  measures  were  commenced 
towards  the  division  of  the  town,  and  a  petition  was 
presented  from  the  residents  on  the  Neck  to  the  select- 
men of  Falmouth,  requesting  a  town-meeting  called  to 
consider  the  question  The  first  meeting  of  the  inhabi- 
tants respecting  the  proposed  separation  was  held  in 
1783.  The  old  Falmouth  Records,  in  which  the  pro- 
ceedings were  recorded,  were  some  years  since  burnt. 
I  have  been  able  to  find  in  the  Massachusetts  archives, 
at  the  State  House,  Boston,  certified  copies  of  this  and 
other  proceedings  in  this  matter,  and  they  being  of 
interest  in  this  connection  I  print  them  in  full. 

TOWN   MEETING. 

To   John    Baoley   one   of    the    Constables    of   the    Town    of 
Falmouth —  Greeting. 

Whereas  application  has  been  made  to  us  by  more  than  seven  of 
the  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Falmouth  to  call  a  meeting  of  said 
Inhabitants,  To  see  if  the  Town  will  agree  that  the  part  of  the 
Town  called  the  Neck  shall  be  sett  off  as  a  separate  Town.  You 
are  hereby  required  in  the  name  of    the  Commonwealth  of    Mass- 

'NoTE.  The  original  Town  of  Falmouth,  now  comprised  in  Portland,  Cape 
Elizabeth,  Deering,  Westbrook  and  Falmouth,  contained  in  1786  29,265  acres, 
of  which  the  neck  had  1,466,  Cape  Elizabeth,  12,881,  and  the  remainder  of  the 
town,  14,918.  The  population  of  the  neck  in  1786,  was  about  2,000;  of  the  re- 
mainder, not  including  Cape  Elizabeth,  about  2,900. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  7 

achusetts  to  warn   the  said  inhabitants   qualified   to   vote   in  Town 

meeting  to  meet  at  the  meeting  House  of  the  First  Parish  in  said 

Town  on  Monday  the  26th  instant  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  forenoon — 

for  the  purpose  aforesaid 

Falmouth  May  16,  1783.  Thos.  Child  \ 

,^  „  I      Selectmen 

Richard  Codman    r 

Daniel  Ilsley         (      ^  ,        , 
1      Falmouth. 
Stephen  Hall         / 

Falmouth,  May  26th,  1783. 

Pursuant  to  the  within  warrant  to  me  directed.  I  have  notified 
the  inhabitants  of  said  Town,  according  to  law  to  meet  at  the  time 
and  place  and  for  the  purpose  within  mentioned 

John  Baglev,  Constable  of  Falmouth. 

At  a  legal  meeting  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Falmouth 
on  the  26th  day  of  may  1783  pursuant  to  the  preceeding  notification 
John  Waite  Esq,  was  chosen  Moderator. 

On  motion  it  was  put  whether  the  Town  would  consent  that  the 

Neck  should  be  set  off  as  a  separate  town  provided  they  can  agree 

what  bridges  the  Neck  shall  support  and  maintain,  it  passed  in  the 

affirmative, — It  was  also  put  whether  the  Town  will  consent  that  the 

Neck  should  be  set  off  as  a  separate  Town,  provided  they  consent 

to  maintain  Sacarippa  Prides  and  Back  Cove  Bridges,  it  passed  in 

the  affirmative,  and  the  following  were  laid  before  the  Town  as  the 

intended  bounds  viz.     To  begin  at  the  middle  of  the  creek,  that  runs 

into  round  marsh,  thence  N.  E.  to  Back  Cove  Creek,  thence  down 

the  middle  of  that  creek  to  Back  Cove,  thence  across  said  Cove  to 

Sandy  Point,  thence  round  by  Casco  Bay  to  the  Fore  River  thence 

up  that  river  to  the  first  bounds,  together  with  all  the  Island's  that 

belong  to  the  first  Parish — and  it  was  agreed  that  the  neck  pay  their 

proportion  of  all  debts  due  from  the  Town,  and  if  after  a  settlement 

of  all  accounts  a  surplusage  shall  remain  on  hand  the  same  shall  be 

divided  and  also  the  town  stock  in  proportion  to  the  taxes  paid  by 

each  District 

Recorded  by  John  Frothingham,  Town  Clerk. 

A  true  extract  from  Falmouth  Book  of  Records  book  4th  page  158 

Att. 

John  Frothingham,  Town  Clerk.'' 


8  .CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

The  matter  seemed  to  rest  at  that  time,  "the  impov- 
erished condition  of  the  people,  and  the  desolate  state 
of  the  Neck  diverted  all  thoughts  from  the  subject 
until  the  close  of  1785,"  when  the  following  petition 
(which  I  also  found  among  the  papers  at  the  State 
House  in  Boston)  was  presented  to  the  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts: 

PETITION.' 

To  the  Honorable  Senate  and  the  Honorable  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  in  General  Court  assembled: 

The  Petition  of  the  Subscribers — Inhabitants  of  that  part  of  the 
Town  of  Falmouth  in  the  County  of  Cumberland,  commonly  called 
the  neck,  humbly  sheweth, 

That  in  their  present  situation  they  are  destitute  of  many  ad- 
vantages which  the  inhabitants  of  maritime  towns  receive,  and  which 
as  such  they  might  enjoy  if  they  were  incorporated  into  a  different 
Town.  In  their  present  state  they  suffer  much  for  want  of  some 
regular  method  of  employing  and  supporting  the  Poor,  who  are 
principally  resident  in  that  part  of  the  Town,  and  of  repairing  and 
regulating  their  streets. 

The  establishment  of  proper  orders  and  By-Laws  for  conducting 
their  external  Police,  such  especially  as  more  immediately  relate  to 
Sea  Port  Towns. 

Some  permanent  and  effectual  Provision  for  the  support  of  Schools, 
so  necessary  to  the  happiness  of  Individuals  and  the  well  being  of 
Society,  and  of  power  to  raise  money  for  these  and  other  purposes 
particularly  incident  to  our  compact  situation. 

They  therefore  pray  you,  that  your  Honors  would  pass  an  act 
whereby  they  and  all  who  live  within  the  following  bounds,  viz.  : 
"To  begin  at  the  middle  of  the  Creek  that  runs  into  round  marsh, 
thence  N.  E.  to  Back  Cove  Creek,  thence  down  the  middle  of  that 
Creek  to  Back  Cove ;  thence  across  said  Cove  to  Sandy  Point, 
thence  round  by  Casco  Bay  to  the  Fore  river,  thence  up  said  river  to 
the  first  bounds,  as  well  as  the  Islands  in  said  Town  may  together 

'  General  Court  Records. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


with  their  estates  be  incorporated  into  a  separate  and  distinct  Town. 
And  that  by  said  act  your  Honors  would  be  pleased  to  constitute  us 
the  Shire  Town  of  the  County  and  indulge  us  with  the  privileges 
incident  thereto. 

And  your  Petitioners  as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

Falmouth,  November  15,  1785. 

Dudley  Cammet  Elijah  Littlefield. 

Paul  Cammet  Joseph  McLellan 

Enoch  Freeman,  jr.       Enoch  Moody 


Enoch  Freeman 
Saml.  Freeman 
Richard  Codman 
Daniel  Davis 
Stephen  Codman 
Arthur  McLellan 
Nath'  Deering 
John  Stephenson 
Thomas  Robison 
Benj.  Titcomb 
Jonathan  Morse 
William  Wiswell 
Jona  Paine 
John  Thrasher 
William  Jenks 
Joshua  Rogers 
J.  Hobby 
Joseph  Noyes 
Eben  Preble 


Enoch  Ilsley 
Tim°  Pike 
Moses  Noyes 
Benj.  Waite,  jr. 
William  Hobby 
Hugh  McLellan 
Robert  Boyd 
W.  Vaughan 
John  Masury 
Moses  Brazier 
Enoch  Brazier 
Lemuel  Weeks 
James  Gooding 
Stephen  Tukey 
Jeremiah 


Nath.  Moody 
Wm.  Frost 
The*  Sanford 
Thomas  Reed 
James  Fosdick 
James  Jewett 
Stephen  Hall 
Eben''  Davis 
Woodbury  Storer 
Nathl  Atkins 
John  Nicholls 
Stephen  Harding 
John  Burnam 
Jn°.  Archer 
Thos.  B.  Wait 
Joseph  H.  Ingraham 


Joseph  Sylvester 
Sign*^,  In  the  name  &  behalf  of  the  first  Parish  in  Falmouth — 
agreeably  to  then  vote  passed  of  23d  Jany.  1786. 

Saml  Freeman 
Richard  Codman 
Timothy  Pike 

The  following  was  the  action  of  the  General  Court: 

Commonwealth  of   Massachusetts. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives, 

March  4,  1786. 
On  the  petition  of  Enoch  Freeman  and  others,  Inhabitants  in  that 
part  of  Falmouth  in  the  County  of  Cumberland   called  the   Neck, 


10  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.      , 

praying  to  be   incorporated  into  a  separate  Town   for  reasons  set 
forth  in  their  petition. 

Ordered  that  the  Petitioners  notify  the  Town  of  Falmouth  by 
leaving  an  attested  copy  of  the  petition  and  this  order,  with  the 
Clerk  of  said  Town  thirty  days  at  least  before  the  third  Wednesday 
of  the  next  session  of  the  General  Court,  that  they  may  show  cause 
on  said  day  if  any  why  the  prayer  thereof  should  not  be  granted. 

Sent  up  for  concurrence. 

A.  Ward,  Speaker. 


Read  and  concurred. 


In  the  Senate,  March  7,  1786. 
Saml.  Phillips,  JUN,,  President. 


Falmouth,  May  i,  1786. 

At  a  legal  meeting  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Falmouth 
pursuant  to  the  proceeding  notification,  John  Waite  Esq,  was  chosen 
moderator. 

Upon  the  consideration  of  the  other  article  in  warrant,  viz.,  "To 
see  if  the  Town  will  make  answer  to  the  petitions  of  the  Inhabitants 
of  that  part  of  the  Town  called  the  neck  respecting  their  being  set 
ofif  as  a  separate  Town." 

Voted  :  that  the  prayer  of  the  petitioners  be  granted  on  condition, 
that  the  inhabitants  within  the  limits  mentioned  in  said  petition 
maintain  their  proportion  of  the  following  bridges,  viz.  Fore  river 
bridge,  Winslows,  Pride's,  Proctors  and  Saccarippa,  bridges  on 
Presumpscot  river,  which  proportions  shall  be  estimated  according 
to  the  last  valuations,  and  also  pay  their  proportion  of  all  debts  due 
from  the  Town,  and  if  after  a  settlement  of  all  accounts,  a  surplus- 
age shall  remain  on  hand  the  same  shall  be  divided,  and  also  th 
Town  Stock  of  powder,  and  all  other  stock  in  proportion  to  the 
valuation  aforementioned. 

Recordetl  by  Jt)HN  Frothinciham  Timm  Clerk. 

A  true  copy  as  on  record 

Att.       John  Froth lvgham  Town  Clerk. 

Pending  this  question  the  following  petition  was 
presented  and  which  explains  the  cause  of  the  present 
irregular  boundaries  of  Portland  : 


e 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  11 

"  To  the  Honorable  the  Senate  and  the  Honorable  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the   Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  in  General   Court 
assembled. 
The  Petition  of   Elizabeth   Wise   Joshua    Freeman   and    Samuel 
Deane  humbly  showeth, 

That  as  a  petition  is  now  before  your  honorable  Court,  for  the 
creating  of  that  part  of  Falmouth  at  Casco  Bay  which  has  been 
usually  called  the  neck  into  a  town,  and  as  your  petitioners  hold  lands 
to  the  amount  of  one  hundred  and  eighty  acres,  which  descended  to  us 
from  our  honored  Father,  Moses  Pearson  Esquire  deceased  ;  without 
the  proposed  line  of  the  designed  new  town,  and  adjoining  on  that 
part  of  the  line  which  goes  by  the  name  of  Back  Cove  Creek,  which 
lands  join  together,  and  make  one  regular  tract :  As  it  will  be  more 
convenient  for  your  petitioners  on  several  accounts,  we  earnestly 
request  that  if  your  honorable  Court  should  see  fit  to  divide  the  town 
of  Falmouth  in  the  manner  that  is  proposed,  our  lands  aforesaid 
may  be  annexed  to  the  new  town,  and  made  a  part  thereof.  And 
your  petitioners  as  in  duty  bound  will  ever  pray. 

Elizabeth  Wise 
Joshua  Freeman 
Falmouth  March  lo,  1786  Samuel  Deane. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  of  the  General  Court 
was  favorable  to  the  petition  for  the  new  town,  viz. : 

In  Senate,  June  14,  1786. 
Read  &  ordered  that  the  Petitioners  have  leave  to  bring  in  a  Bill 
for  the  purposes  herein  mentioned. 
Sent  down  for  concurrence. 

Saml.  Phillips  junr..  President. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives,  June  15,  1786. 
Read  and  concurred. 

Artemas  Ward,  Speaker. 

Journal  House,'  June  21,  1786. 
A  bill  entitled  an  act  for  creating  that  part  of  the  Town  of  Fal- 
mouth, in  the  County  of  Cumberland,  commonly  called  the  neck  into 

*  General  Court  Records,  vol.  47,  p.  118. 


12  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

a  new  town  by  the  name of.  Read  the  first  time  and  to- 
morrow at  lo  o'clock  A.  M.  assigned  for  the  second  reading. 

The  bill  passed  to  be  enacted  in  the  House  July  i, 
1786. 

In  Senate',  July  4,  1786. 
An  Engrossed  Bill  intitled  "  an  act  erecting  that  part  of  the  Town 
of  Falmouth    in    the  county   of    Cumberland,   commonly  called  the 
neck  into  a  town  by  the  name  of  Portland,  having  had  two  several 
readings  passed  to  be  enacted. 

The  text  of  the  act  is  as  follows: 

Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts, 
In  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  a  fid  eighty-six. 

AX  ACT  for  erecting  that  part  of  the  Town  of  Falmouth  in  the  County  of 
Cumberland,  commonly  known  as  the  Neck,  into  a  town  by  the  name  of 
Portland.^ 

Bd  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  General  Court 
assembled  and  by  authority  of  the  same : 

Sect.  i.  That  that  part  of  the  town  of  Falmouth  aforesaid,  and 
the  inhabitants  thereof  and  their  estates,  included  within  the  follow- 
ing bounds,  viz.  Beginning  at  the  middle  of  the  Creek  that  runs  into 
Round-Marsh,  so  called,  thence  north  east  to  Backcove  Creek,  thence 

'  General  Court  Records,  47-98. 

^NoTE. — The  name  Portland.  Willis  says,  (p.  581)  "Some  diversity  of  senti- 
ment existed  respecting  a  name  for  the  new  town.  Casco  and  Falmouth  port  were 
rivals  of  the  successful  candidate,  and  the  claims  of  each  were  strenuously  urged. 

The  general  impression,  however,  was  in  favor  of  Portland, 

although  not  a  voice  in  the  public  paper  was  lifted  up  in  its  su])port.  One  writer 
only,  in  closing  a  communication  in  which  the  merit  of  the  other  was  discussed, 
thus  notices  it:  'both  of  these  however,  I  expect  must  give  place  to  the  more 
acce]3table  name  of  Portland.' 

This  appellation  was  recommended  by  its  local  application,  and  itsancicnt  con- 
nection with  a  part  of  our  territory.  The  earliest  English  name  by  which  the 
island  now  called  Pangs,  (Cushing's,)  and  the  mainland  in  Cape  Elizabeth 
opposite  to  it,  were  known,  was  Portland^  as  was  also  the  main  channel  between 
them,  '  Portland  .Sound.'  The  island  continued  to  bear  the  name  during  the 
remainder  of  the  century  of  its  discovery,  and  the  head  land  on  which  the  light- 
house now  stands  has  ever  been  and  is  still  called  '  Portland  head.'  "       .... 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  13 

down  the  middle  of  that  creek  to  Backcove,  thence  across  said  cove 
to  Sandy  Point,  thence  round  by  Casco  Bay  to  Fore  River,  thence  up 
Fore  River  to  the  first  bounds,  together  with  all  the  islands  that  now 
belong  to  the  first  parish  in  said  Falmouth,  be,  and  they  hereby  are 
incorporated  into  a  town  by  the  name  of  Portland,  and  are  hereby 
invested  with  all  the  powers,  privileges  and  immunities,  that  towns 
within  this  commonwealth  do,  or  ought  by  law  to  have  and  enjoy. 

Sect.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid, 
That  the  several  collectors  of  the  said  town  of  Falmouth  are  hereby 
authorised  to  collect  and  pay  the  taxes,  to  them  already  committed 
respectively,  agreeably  to  their  several  warrants ;  any  thing  in  this  act 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

Sect.  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid, 
That  the  treasurer  of  the  town  of  Falmouth  shall  make  a  fair  settle- 
ment and  adjustment  of  his  accounts  as  they  stood  before  the  pass- 
ing this  act,  and  if  a  balance  shall  remain  in  his  hands  the  inhabitants 
of  the  town  of  Portland  shall  receive  their  just  and  due  proportion 
thereof.  And  if  upon  such  settlements,  the  Town  of  Falmouth  shall 
be  in  arrears,  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Portland  shall  pay  their 
just  and  due  proportion  thereof,  as  hereafter  in  this  act  is  settled. 

Sect.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  land  belonging  to 
the  town  of  Falmouth  before  the  passing  of  this  act,  and  the  town 
stock  of  powder,  shall  be  set  off  and  divided,  four  ninths  to  the  town 
of  Portland,  and  the  other  five  ninths  to  the  town  of  Falmouth,  and 
the  town  of  Portland  shall  pay  four  ninths  of  the  taxes  which  have 
been  heretofore  imposed  by  the  general  court,  upon  the  town  of  Fal- 
mouth ;  and  the  assessors  of  said  towns  respectively,  are  hereby 
empowered  and  directed  to  Assess  all  taxes,  which  were  due  from  the 
said  town  of  Falmouth,  before  the  passing  of  this  act,  to  the  county 
or  commonwealth,  agreeably  to  the  proportion  aforesaid ;  and  the 
towns  aforesaid  shall  be  charged  in  the  same  proportion,  in  all  future 
taxes,  until  the  general  court  shall  otherwise  determine.  And  the 
public  landings  shall  be  in  common  to  the  inhabitants  of  both  towns. 

Sect.  5.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid, 
That  the  said  town  of  Portland  shall  be  the  shire  town  of  said 
county,  and  that  the  supreme  judicial  courts,  and  courts  of  common 
pleas,  and  general  sessions  of  the  peace,  by  law  appointed  to  be 
holden  at  Falmouth,  shall  in  future  be  holden  in  the  said  town  of 


14 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION 


Portland,  on  the  same  days  respectively,  in  which  they  were  by  law 
required  to  be  holden  at  Falmouth  aforesaid  ;  any  law  to  the  con- 
trary notwithstanding. 

Sect.  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid, 
That  the  poor  now  maintained  by  the  town  of  Falmouth,  shall  be 
supported  by  the  two  towns  in  the  proportion  aforesaid.  And  if  any 
person  or  persons  heretofore  belonging  to  the  town  of  Falmouth 
aforesaid,  and  who  have  removed  from  thence,  shall  be  returned 
thither  again,  and  become  a  public  charge,  the  same  shall  be  paid  by 
the  two  towns  aforesaid,  in  proportion  to  the  tax  laid  on  them  sever- 
ally from  time  to  time. 

Sect.  7.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid. 
That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  in  any  wise  afTect  or  alter  any  of  the 
bounds  of  the  several  parishes  within  the  town  of  Falmouth,  but  the 
same  shall  be  and  remain  as  heretofore  by  law  established ;  anything 
in  this  act  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

Sect.  8.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town  of  Portland  shall  from  time  to  time  amend  and  repair  Pride's 
bridge,  on  Presumpscot  River,  and  the  great  bridge  on  Fore  River, 
so  called  although  the  same  be  not  included  within  the  limits  of 
Portland  aforesaid. 

Sect.  9.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  a  certain  tract  of  land 
without  the  limits  of  the  town  of  Portland,  and  containing  about  one 
hundred  and  eighty  acres,  belonging  to  Samuel  Deane,  Joshua 
Freeman,  and  Elizabeth  Wise,  and  which  descended  to  them  from 
Moses  Pearson,  late  of  Falmouth  aforesaid,  Esq.,  deceased,  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby  annexed  to  the  town  of  Portland,  and  shall  be 
considered  as  part  thereof;  and  the  lands  granted  to  the  first  parish 
in  said  Falmouth  for  the  support  of  the  ministry  there,  are  hereby 
annexed  to  said  town  of  Portland,  and  shall  be  considered  as  part 
thereof,  and  shall  enjoy  the  immunities  that  the  other  ministerial 
lands  in  said  Falmouth  have  and  enjoy,  the  same  being  without  the 
limits  of  the  town  of  Portland  notwithstanding,  so  long  as  they  con- 
tinue ministerial  lands,  and  no  longer. 

Sect.  10.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  Enoch  Freeman,  Esq., 
be,  and  he  hereby  is  directed  to  issue  his  warrant  to  some  principal 
inhabitant  of  Portland,  requiring  him  to  notify  and  warn  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  said  town  of  Portland,  qualified  by  law  to  vote  in  town 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  15 

affairs,  to  meet  at  such  time  and  place  as  therein  shall  be  set  forth, 
to  choose  such  officers  as  any  of  the  towns  within  this  commonwealth 
by  law  have  a  right  to  elect ;  and  the  officers  so  chosen  shall  take 
the  respective  oaths  by  law  required  to  be  by  them  taken. 

Sect.  ii.  Provided  nevertheless,  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall 
be  construed  to  affect  any  grants  of  land  made  to  the  first  parish  in 
Falmouth  aforesaid,  but  such  lands  shall  be  the  estate  of  the  society 
which  before  the  passing  of  this  act  was  called  the  first  parish  in 
Falmouth ;  any  thing  in  this  act  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives,  July  i,  1786. 
This  bill  having  had  three  several  readings  passed  to  be  enacted. 

Artemus  Ward,  Speaker. 

In  the  Senate,  July  4,  1786. 
The  bill  having  had  Two  several  readings  passed  to  be  enacted. 

Samuel  Phillips  junr.  President. 

By  the  Governor. — Approved.  James  Bowdoin. 

True  copy.     Attest:  John  Avery,  junr.  Secretary. 

FIRST    MEETING    OF    THE    TOWN   OF    PORTLAND. 

commonwealth    of    MASSACHUSETTS. 

To  John  Frothingham,  Esqr.,  one  of  the  Principal  inhabitants  of  the 
Town  of  Portland.^  Greeting, 

In  obedience  to  an  act  of  the  General  Court,  passed  the  4th  day 
of  July  last,  for  creating  that  part  of  the  Town  of  Falmouth  in  said 
County  of  Cumberland  into  a  Town  by  the  name  of  Portland,  where- 
in I  am  directed  to  issue  my  warrant  to  some  principal  inhabitant  of 
said  Portland  requesting  him  to  notify  and  warn  the  inhabitants  of 
said  Town  qualified  to  vote  in  Town  affairs  to  meet  at  such  time  and 
place  as  I  shall  direct  to  choose  such  officers  as  any  of  the  Towns 
within  the  Commonwealth  by  law  have  a  right  to  elect. 

These  are  therefore  in  the  name  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massa- 
chusetts to  require  you  to  notify  and  warn  the  freeholders  and  other 
inhabitants  of  said  Town  of  Portland  qualified  as  aforesaid  to  meet 
at  the  meeting  house  in  said  Portland  on  Wednesday  the  ninth  day 

'  Town  Records,  vol.  i,  p.  4. 


16  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

of  August  current  at  ten  of  the  clock  in  the  forenoon  to  choose  such 
officers  as  any  of  the  Towns  within  this  Commonwealth  have  a  right 
to  elect, 
hereof  fail  not. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  at  said  Portland  this  second  day 
of  August,  A.  D.  1786.  Enoch  Freeman. 

Pursuant  to  the  preceding  warrant  to  me  directed,  the  freeholders 
and  other  inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Portland  qualified  according 
to  law  to  vote  in  Town  meetings,  are  hereby  notified  to  assemble  and 
meet  at  the  time  and  place,  and  for  the  purpose  in  the  same  warrant 
mentioned.  John  Frothingh.am, 

Portland,  Aug.  6,  1786.  Portland. 

Portland,  Aug.  9,  1786. 
In  obedience  to  the  within  warrant  to  me  directed,  I  notified  the 
the  freeholders  and  other  inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Portland 
qualified  to  vote  in  Town  afifairs  to  meet  at  the  time  and  place  and 
for  the  purpose  therein  mentioned  by  posting  up  the  same  w^arrant 
and  the  within  notification  at  the  meeting  house  and  a  copy  thereof, 
at  several  public  places  in  said  Portland. 

John  FROTHiNOHAivr. 

The  meeting  was  accordingly  held  at  the  meeting- 
house of  the  First  Parish,  upon  the  9th  day  of  August, 
1786.    (See  Appendix.) 


The  editor  of  this  History  of  the  "Centennial  Cele- 
bration," takes  this  opportunity  to  recognize  and  to 
testify  his  appreciation  of  the  valuable  work  done  by 
the  daily  papers  of  the  city  during  the  three  days 
celebration.  Their  full  and  correct  reports  of  the  pro- 
cedings  have  been  largely  drawn  upon  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  this  volume,  and  the  assistance  thereby  rendered 
is  gratefully  acknowledged. 


ACTION    OK    THE 


CITY  COUNCIL   RND   COMMITTEES, 


The  City  Council  of  1885-86,  near  the  close  of  the 
municipal  year,  deemed  that  some  action  was  necessary 
concerning  a  proper  recognition  of  the  Centennial  anni- 
versary of  the  incorporation  of  the  Town  of  Portland  ; 
and,  January  4,  1886,  a  special  committee  was  chosen 
to  bring  the  subject  to  the  attention  of  the  next  City 
Government.  No  action  was,  however,  taken  by  the 
committee.' 

Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor,  in  his  inaugural 
address,  made  at  the  organization  of  the  City  Council, 
March  8th,  1886,  referred  to  the  Centennial  celebration 
as  follows,  viz: 

"  Portland  Ckn  ienniai.. 

The  centennial  annixersarv  of  Portland  occurs  upon  Juh  4lh  of 
this  year,  it  l)ein<i;  precisely  one  hunched  years  from  that  dale  that 
what  was  then  known  as  Falmouth  Neck  was  set  off  from  the  town 
of   Falmouth,  and  incorporated   inlcj  a  separate  town  calletl  Portland. 

■  See   Appciulix. 


18  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

We  should  seem  remiss  in  our  appreciation  of  the  event,  if  we  let 
this  annixersary  pass  unnoticed.  Upon  sucii  a  day  the  history  of  tlie 
past  hundred  years  should  be  publicly  recounted,  and  the  sons  of 
Portland,  scattered  all  over  our  country,  should  be  welcomed  home 
to  join  with  us  in  the  celebration.  As  the  anniversary  occurs  on  the 
Fourth  of  July,  it  might  be  judicious  to  unite  both  celebrations  in 
one.  If  any  action  is  to  be  taken  in  observing  this  anniversary, 
allow  me  to  suggest  that  it  be  done  promptly  by  the  appointment  of 
suitable  conmiittees,  as  much  of  the  work  of  preparation  must  of 
necessity  be  slow." 

March  8,  1886.  At  a  meeting  of  the  City  Council, 
it  was 

Ordered,  "  That  a  committee  of  three  on  the  part  of  this  Board 
(iMayor  and  Aldermen),  with  such  as  the  Common  Council  may  join, 
be  appointed  a  preliminary  committee,  to  take  into  consideration  that 
part  of  the  Mayor's  address,  relating  to  the  Centennial  Celebration 
of  Portland;  and  report  plans  for  observing  the  same,  at  the  next 
regular  meeting  of  the  City  Council." 

Read  and  passed,  and  the  Mayor,  Aldermen  Beale 
and  Wilson,  Councilmen  Hobbs,  Abbott,  Cox,  Adams, 
McCann  and  Trefethen  were  appointed  as  the  Com- 
mittee.^ A  "meeting  of  the  committee  and  citizens  for 
consultation  was  held  March  12th. 

[Jm>ni  the  J 'art land  Daily  J'ress  of  Alarch  ij,  iSSdJ] 

The  preliminary  committee  of  the  City  Government,  appointed  to 
ascertain  the  ad\isability  of  celebrating  the  Centennial  anniversary 
of  Portland,  which  occurs  upon  the  4th  of  July  next,  met  in  the 
Aldermen's  room,  City  Building,  last  evening  to  listen  to  the  expres- 
sion of  opinion  in  regard  to  the  matter  from  a  number  of  citizens 
who  had  been  invited  to  be  present.  The  full  committee,  consisting 
of  Mayor  C^hapman,  Aldermen  Beale,  Wilson  and  Marks,  President 
Hobbs  and  Messrs.  Trefethen,  McCann,  Adams,  Cox  and  Abbott  of 
the  Council,  were  in  attendance.       Among  the  citizens  present  were 

'  City  Records,  Vol.  20,  p.  304. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  19 

Rev.  Dr.  H.  S.  Burrage,  T.  C.  Woodbury,  John  T.  Hull,  City 
Solicitor  Symonds,  Judge  Goddard,  Wm.  M.  Sargent,  Lewis  B. 
Smith,  W.  S.  Dana,  W.  H.  Smith,  Wm.  H.  Looney  and  S.  B.  Kelsey. 

In  calling  the  meeting  to  order  the  Mayor  said  that  as  chairman  of 
the  committee  he  had  invited  a  number  of  citizens  to  meet  with  them 
in  order  to  ascertain  their  views  on  the  question  of  the  celebration 
and  the  programme  for  the  day. 

Alderman  Wilson  was  chosen  secretary  of  the  committee,  and  Mr. 
John  T.  Hull  secretary  of  the  meeting. 

The  Mayor  then  said  that  the  matter  of  the  celebration  required 
the  co-operation  of  the  citizens  and  City  Government,  and  he  was 
glad  to  see  so  many  present,  notwithstanding  the  inclemency  of  the 
weather.  He  referred  to  the  part  which  those  especinlly  interested 
in  the  history  of  the  city  should  take  in  the  work  of  the  celebration, 
and  was  gratified  to  see  so  many  of  these  gentlemen  present. 

Alderman  Beale  was  called  upon  as  a  member  of  the  committee 
appointed  by  the  last  City  Government,  and  said  that  he  had  thought 
of  no  programme,  but  that  the  work  of  preparation  would  be  a  great 
one.  He  thought  it  would  be  necessary  to  do  a  little  talking  first 
and  a  great  deal  of  work  afterwards. 

Alderman  Marks  thought  that  an  executive  committee  and  sub- 
committees should  be  appointed,  and  recommended  that  the  neces- 
sary suitable  uniforms  be  furnished  to  the  fire  department  and  the 
companies  invited  to  join  in  the  parade. 

The  Mayor  thought  the  first  thing  to  do  was  to  ascertain  the  views 
of  the  citizens  in  regard  to  the  advisability  of  holding  the  celebration 
so  that  the  committee  might  report  to  the  City  Government  with  an 
understanding  of  the  wishes  of  the  people. 

Mr.  Wm.  M.  Sargent  spoke  of  the  number  of  centennial  celebra- 
tions which  have  occurred  in  the  last  few  years,  and  thought  that  the 
observance  here  would  be  agreeable  to  the  best  citizens.  He  recom- 
mended the  extension  of  an  invitation  to  the  four  historical  and 
genealogical  societies  to  unite  in  the  celebration,  the  dilTerent  or- 
ganizations presenting  historical  matter  in  specified  branches. 

Rev.  Dr.  Burrage  thought  that  a  single  address  would  be  better 
than  a  number  of  short  ones,  and  the  papers  referred  to  in  the 
remarks  of  the  last  speaker  could  be  published  only  at  a  large 
expense.     Dr.  Burrage  recommended  an  historical  address  with  other 


20  Cl'.N  TKNNIAL    CELKHRATION. 

exercises  in  C'ity  Hall  in  the  afternoon,  and  a  popular  out  of  door 
celebration  and  procession  in  the  forenoon,  arranged  to  bring  to  the 
minds  of  sj^ectators  e\ents  in  tlie  history  of   the  city. 

The  Ma\or  called  upon  Mr.  Lewis  11  Smith  as  one  who  had  been 
actixe  in  the  prejiaration  of  similar  celebrations  in  the  past.  Mr. 
Smith  said  that  at  this  time  he  would  only  say  he  belie\ed  tin- 
general  ()|)ini()ii  was  in  favor  of  the  celebration. 

Mr.  John  V.  Hull  called  attention  to  the  large  number  of  people  in 
other  places,  either  natives  of  Portland  or  intimately  connected  with 
it,  and  thought  tiiat  they  should  be  in\ited  to  attend.  The  letters 
received  from  many  of  these  persons  would  furnish  a  valuable 
contribution  to  a  memorial  \olume,  besides  increasing  the  interest  in 
the  celebration.  Mr.  Hull  read  a  list  of  distinguished  people  con- 
nected  witli   Portland. 

Judge  S\inonds  hoped  that  we  shall  ha\e  a  celebration,  and  a  good 
one.  He  liked  the  suggestions  which  had  been  made  in  regard  to 
the  historical  portions  of  the  celebration,  and  l^elieved  that  to  make 
a  success  there  must  be  a  good  time  out  of  doors,  the  forenoon  to  be 
given  up  to  a  procession  as  reconunended  by  Dr.  P.urrage. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Smith  was  decidedly  in  fa\or  of  the  celebration,  and 
thought  that  tlie  cit\'  should  make  the  best  of  it  by  increasing  the 
knowledge  of  the  citi/ens  in  regard  to  local  history,  i^esides  an 
oration  he  reconunended  short  addresses  upon  the  business  enter- 
prises of  the  place.  Mr.  Smith  did  not  think  that  the  celebration 
could  l>e  completed  in  one  da\',  and  as  the  sons  and  daughters  of 
Portland  are  to  be  preseiU  from  all  over  the  country  he  recommended 
that  sexeral  days  be  set  apart. 

Mr.  T.  ( '.  Woodbury  said  he  had  i)een  appointed  on  the  committee 
of  the  last  ('it\  (ioxcrnmciil  to  bring  this  matter  to  the  attention  of 
the  present  ("it\  ( 'oumil,  hut  found  that  action  uiuiecessar\ .  He 
regarded  the  celebration  as  a  great  educator,  and  endorsed  I)r. 
Burrage's  suggestion  of  a  re|)rescutalion  in  the  procession  of  his- 
torical exeius.  It  will  lake  time  and  money  to  wcjrk  up  the  celel)ra- 
tion,  but  tlie  result  will  he  gralifving.  Mr.  Woo(il)ur\'  recommende'd 
a  committee  to  lia\c  charge  of  the  correspondence  with  I'ortlanders 
in   other  places. 

Judge  (joddard  thought  there  was  little  or  no  dissent  to  the 
celebration,  and   hoped   that   it   would   not    be  gotten   up  in  a  stinted 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  21 

manner.  He  believed  the  people  wanted  a  liberal  appropriation  for 
this  purpose.  ' 

Mr.  VV.  S.  Dana  said  that  he  was  enthusiastic  on  this  subject,  and 
heartily  in  favor  of  the  celebration.  He  referred  favorably  to  a 
number  of  the  suggestions  made. 

Mr.  Sargent  said  that  he  did  not  mean  that  the  papers  presented 
by  the  historical  societies  were  to  be  bound  necessarily,  but  thought 
that  in  manuscript  they  would  make  a  valuable  addition  to  the  city 
archives. 

The  Mayor  then  put  the  question  whether  the  citizens  present 
recommended  the  celebration  and  a  sufficient  appropriation  therefor, 
and  there  was  a  unanimous  rising  vote. 

The  committee  then  went  into  executive  session,  and  on  motion  of 
Mr.  Abbott  voted  to  report  in  fa\or  of  holding  the  celebration.  The 
matter  of  preparing  the  report  was  left  with  the  Mayor  and  Alderman 
Wilson,  and  the  committee  adjourned.  The  report  will  be  presented 
at  a  special  meeting  of  the  City  Council  Monday  evening. 

March  15,  1886.  The  Committee  made  the  follow- 
ing report: 

"The  joint  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  question  of  the 
advisability  of  appropriately  celebrating  the  one-hundredth  anniver- 
sary of  the  city's  settlement  (town's  incorporation)  having  considered 
the  matter,  beg  leave  to  report : 

"At  an  open  meeting  of  inquiry  held  by  your  committee  March  12, 
a  detailed  report  of  which  appeared  in  the  daily  papers  of  liic  i3lh 
inst.,  it  was  the  unanimous  opinion  of  the  citizens  present  tiiat 
so  notable  an  occasion  in  the  city's  history  should  i)e  properly  and 
appropriately  observed.  This  opinion  your  conunittee  have  found 
by  extensive  enquiry  among  our  citizens  prexails,  and  your  conunittee 
would  recommend  that  the  one-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  settle- 
ment of  the  city  (incorporation  of  the  town  of  Portland),  be 
celebrated  with  fitting  and  appropriate  ceremonies;  and  olTer  for 
your  consideration  the  accompanying  order,  viz.  : 

"Ordered,  That  a  joint  committee,  to  consist  of  the  Mayor,  the 
Board  of  Aldermen,  and  the  City  Clerk,  togetiier  witli  the  President 
of  the   Common  Council,  and  one  member  of  the  Common  Council 


22  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

from  each  ward,  be  appointed  to  take  in  charge  the  Centennial 
celebration  of  the  separation  of  Portland  from  Falmouth,  and  the 
incorporation  of  the  town. 

"  And  said  committee  shall  have  power  to  call  to  its  assistance 
committees  of  citizens  to  forward  the  objects  of  the  celebration." 

The  committee  that  were  appointed  consisted  of  the 
Mayor,  Aldermen  Beale,  Wilson,  Ricker,  McMahon, 
Sawyer,  Marks,  Briggs,  City  Clerk  Burgess,  Common 
Councilmen  Hobbs,  Gatley,  McCann,  Adams,  Parker, 
Lang,  Abbott  and  Spring.^ 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  City  Council,  held 
March  29th,  1886,  the  remaining  members  of  the 
Common  Council  were  added,^  so  that  the  full  com- 
mittee consisted  of  the  Mayor,  seven  Aldermen,  City 
Clerk  Burgess  and  twenty-one  members  of  the  Common 
Council. 

March  18,  1886.  Meeting  of  the  General  Com- 
mittee: 

Present:  The  Mayor;  Aldermen  Beale,  Wilson,  McMahon  and 
Marks;  Councilmen  Hobbs,  Gatley,  McCann,  Parker,  Lang,  Abbott 
and  Spring. 

George  C.  Burgess  was  chosen  Secretary  of  the  General  Com- 
mittee. 

On  motion  of  Alderman  Marks  it  was  voted  that  a  clerk  be  em- 
ployed, to  be  under  the  control  of  the  committee,  from  this  time  to 
the  celebration,  at  a  compensation  to  be  hereafter  fixed.  John  T. 
Hull  was  elected  as  the  Clerk  of  the  Committee. 

At  the  suggestion  of  the  Mayor,  it  was  voted  that  three  committees 
be  appointed  for  preliminary  work,  and  the  following  were  chosen, 
viz. : 

Comtriittee  on  Printing — Alderman  Briggs,  Councilmen  Hobbs  and 
McCann. 

'  City  Records — vol.  22,  page  312. 
^  City  Records — vol.  22,  p.  321. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  23 

Committee  on  Programme — The  Mayor,  Aldermen  Wilson  and  Beale, 
City  Clerk  Burgess. 

Committee  on  Correspondence,  Invitations  and  Addresses — The  Mayor, 
Alderman  Marks,  Councilmen  Abbott  and  Spring. 

Committee  on  Transportation — Alderman  Sawyer,  Councilmen  Gatley 
and  Lang. 

The  Committee  on  Programme  held  a  meeting  at  the 
Mayor's  office,  Monday  evening,  March  2 2d: 

Present:  The  Mayor,  Beale,  Wilson  and  Burgess.  A  number  of 
citizens  had  been  invited  to  attend  the  meeting,  of  whom  some  were 
present,  who  were  invited  to  present  their  views  and  suggestions 
respecting  the  proposed  celebration.  Suggestions  and  remarks  were 
made  by  Lewis  B.  Smith,  J.  Marshall  Brown,  Wm.  M.  Sargent,  Geo. 
D.  Rand,  Wm.  H.  Smith,  Albro  E.  Chase  and  A.  F.  Gerrish. 

The  programme  adopted  by  the  committee  and  re- 
ported to  the  General  Committee,  at  a  meeting  held 
March  24,  1886,  was  as  follows,  viz: 

"  The  Sub-committee  on  Programme  would  ask  leave  to  make  the 
following  report,  viz. : 

"That  the  said  committee  held  a  meeting  on  Monday  evening  last, 
(March  22d),  at  the  Mayor's  office,  at  7.30  o'clock,  at  which  meeting 
all  the  members  of  the  committee  were  present. 

"A  number  of  citizens  had  been  invited  by  the  Mayor  to  be 
present  and  offer  suggestions  relative  to  the  proposed  celebration, 
some  of  whom  were  present  and  gave  expressions  of  their  views 
relative  to  the  celebration,  which  were  considered  by  the  committee. 
Lewis  B.  Smith,  Esq.,  one  of  the  invited  gentlemen  present,  sub- 
mitted in  writing  many  important  and  valuable  suggestions. 

"The  committee,  after  hearing  the  opinions  and  views  of  the 
gentlemen  present,  held  a  meeting  by  themselves,  and  agreed  upon 
the  following  programme  to  recommend  to  your  committee,  viz. : 

PROGRAMME. 

"Sunday,  July  4TH.  In  the  morning,  ser\ices  at  the  various 
churches  and  places  of  meeting  appropriate  to  the  local  histories  of 
the  various  churches  and  societies. 


24  CF.NTKNNIAI,     CKLKISRATION. 

"In  the  afternoon,  at  the  option  of  the  se\eral  societies,  other 
exercises  suitable  to  the  occasion,  and  also  at  tiie  ("ity  Hall,  serxices 
to  be  held,  conirnenioratixe  of  ancient  styles  of  worship,  anti  ac- 
companied by  nuisic  of  the  olden  time. 

"In  the  e\enin<^  a  nieetinjij  to  be  held  at  the  City  Hall,  at  which 
appro|iriate  ser\  ices  and  exercises  will  be  held. 

"Monday,  Jt'LV  ^rn.  At  sunrise  a  Federal  salute  to  be  fired, 
accompanied  by  the  ringing  of  all  the  church   bells. 

"in  the  forenoon,  at  a  suitable  hour,  a  procession  to  be  formed, 
which  sh.dl  moxe  through  such  streets  in  the  city  as  shall  hereafter 
be  designated,  such  procession  to  include  the  military,  firemen,  ci\ic 
and  secret  organizations  of  our  city,  school  children,  with  delegations 
of  the  sons  of  Portland  from  other  jilaces  ;  portions  of  such  proces- 
sion to  present  in  contrast  the  changes  and  progress  of  Portland 
durii^g  the  past  one  hundred  \ears,  in  forms,  costumes  and  methods, 
the  details  of    which  to  J)e  arranged  l)v  sub-committees. 

"  At  noon.  Federal  salute,  ringing  of  church  bells,  blowing  of  steam 
whistles. 

"In  the  afternoon,  at  Deering  I'ark,  \arious  pleasing  entertain- 
ments for  the  henetit  of  the  children  of  our  citv. 

"In  the  e\ening.  illuminated  tableauxs.  of  a  historical  character 
exhibited  on  low  platforms  on  wheels  mo\ed  o\er  the  rails  of  the 
street  railroad  on  Congress  street:  and  also  torchlight  and  tiambeaux 
processions;  l)ands  to  be  stationed  at  ditferent  points  along  the  line. 
This  exhibition  to  take  the  place  of.  or  be  substituted  for,  the 
ordinary  fireworks  disphn. 

"'ruKsi)A\-.  ]vL\  ()  in.  In  the  forenoon  at  the  City  Hall,  the 
various  literary,  historical  and  musical  exercises,  int:luding  the 
oration,  poem.  etc. ;  the  City  Hall  to  be  properly  decorated  for  the 
occasion. 

"After  the  close  of  the  exercises  in  the  hall,  an  excursion  to  the 
islands.  com]ilimentar\'  to  the  \isitors  and  especially  for  their  enter- 
tainment, they  to  be  the  guests  of  the  cit\.  \n  old-fas!iioned  fish 
chowder  and  a  modern  clam  bake  to  be  pro\  ided.  Citizens  to  be 
allowed  to  ])articipate  by  paying  cost  prices. 

"  In  the  e\ening  an  informal  reception  by  the  ('it\  Goxernment  at 
the  City  Hall.  All  the  i^ublic  rooms  in  the  building  to  be  open  and 
lighted.     Sj^eaking  if  desired.     Notable  sons  and  daughters  of  Port- 


CENTKNNIAI,     CKLKHRATION. 


25 


land  from  abroad  lo  he  presented  to  the  audience.  At  a  Liter  hour^ 
a  promenade  concert  and  dancing  in  the  main  hall  for  ihf)se  who 
desire.  Special  reunions  to  be  had  in  rooms  in  the  building.  An 
important  one,  that  of  the  old  members  and  graduates  of  all  the 
High  Schools,  to  be  held  in  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  Room. 

"This  reception  at  the  City  Hall  will  be  the  close  of  the  exercises 
pertaining  proper  to  the  celebration. 

"Wednesday,  July  yvH.  A  picnic  excursion  througli  the  White 
Mountain  Notch,  over  the  Portland  &  Odgensburg  Railroad.  Free 
to  the  visitors.  Citizens  on  the  same  terms  as  to  the  island  excur- 
sion. This  will  not  only  afford  our  guests  a  pleasant  and  healtiiful 
recreation,  but  give  our  citizens  an  opportunity  to  show  what  seeming 
difificulties  have  been  overcome,  and  important  conmiercial  avenues 
opened  by  the  citizens  of  Portland,  who  conceived  the  idea,  furnished 
the  capital  to  build,  and  the  men  to  control  and  operate  it. 

"In  the  evening,  after  the  return  from  the  excursion,  family  re- 
unions, and  such  other  purely  social  gatherings  as  the  well  known 
hospitality  of  our  people  will  readily  suggest  and  provide. 

"  During  the  days  of  the  celebration,  let  the  newspapers  of  the  City 
give  a  reasonable  portion  of  their  columns  to  the  |)ublicati(>n  of 
genealogical  and  historical  articles,  contributions  in  poelr\  and 
prose,  as  well  as  editorials,  together  with  the  accounts  of  the  celel)ra- 
tion.  Complete  hies  of  these  papers  to  be  preserved  1j\  tlie  (  ily  in 
its  archives  and  in  the  collections  of  the  Public  Lil)rary  and  Histori- 
cal Societies.  All  the  records  of  the  proceedings,  from  its  ince[)ti(in 
to  its  close,  comprising  the  oration,  poem,  speeclies.  etc.,  reported 
phonographically,  all  historical  and  genealogical  pa[)ers,  all  [xieins 
read  or  accepted,  and  all  other  papers  of  value  to  be  jireserxed.  and 
as  soon  as  may  be  in  a  proper  manner,  printed  and  publislied  in  a 
memorial  volume  under  the  direction  of  some  person  qualiiicd  for 
the  work,  authorized  to  compile  and  complete  it. 

"During  the  days  of  the  celebration,  the  public  buildings  to  he  au(\ 
remain  decorated.  Historic  arches  to  be  erected  at  dilleri'ni  points 
and  suitable  tablets  to  be  placed  on  ancient  buildings,  historic  pl.ues 
and  the  birth  places  or  homes  of  distinguished  men  or  uonicii  ol  our 
City.  Respectfully  submitted, 

Chaki.ks  J.  Chapman.  C/iai)iiiaii." 

Portland,  March  27 ih,  1886. 


26  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Subsequently  at  a  meeting  of  the  General  Committee, 
held  May  30th,  the  Mayor  stated  that  in  consequence  of 
the  impossibility  of  obtaining  platform  cars,  the  tableaux 
for  the  evening  procession  would  have  to  be  abandoned, 
and  suggested  the  appointment  of  a  committee  on  fire- 
works. 

The  report  as  presented  was  amended  by  striking  out 
that  part  relating  to  an  excursion  over  the  Portland  & 
Ogdensburg  Railroad;  and  further  amended  by  adding 
to  the  programme  for  Tuesday  the  attraction  of  a 
rowing  regatta,  and  then  adopted  as  amended. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Spring,  it  was  voted  that  the  com- 
mittee select  the  orator  and  poet,  and  report  the  names 
selected  to  the  General  Committee,  and  also  the  names 
of  such  distinguished  guests  as  are  to  be  invited  to 
be  present  at  the  expense  of  the  city. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  General  Committee,  held  March 

29,  1886,  the  Committee  on  Invitations  reported  that  in 

reply  to  inquiries  made,  that: 

"  Hon.  Thomas  B.  Reed  and  Mrs.  Abba  Goold  Woolson  had 
signified  their  willingness  to  accept  positions  as  orator  and  poetess 
respectively." 

And  on  motion  it  was 

"Voted,  That  the  chairman  be  authorized  to  formally  invite  Hon. 
Thomas  B.  Reed  to  be  the  orator,  and  Mrs.  Abba  Goold  Woolson  to 
be  the  poetess  of  the  day." 

These  invitations  were  extended  and  formally  ac- 
cepted. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Gatley,  the  Chairman  appointed 
the  following  committee  to  select  sub-committees,  whose 
duties  shall  be  to  attend  to  the  various  duties  to  be 
performed   in  connection  with  the  Centennial  celebra- 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  27 

tion,    viz.:     Beale,    Wilson,    Burgess,    Gatley,     Brown, 
Rumery  and  Abbott. 

This  sub-committee  held  a  meeting  April  3,  1886,  and 
prepared  a  list  of  sub-committees,  and  on  motion  it  was 
voted  to  recommend  to  the  General  Committee  that  the 
several  sub-committees  be  authorized  to  add  to  their 
numbers  such  citizens  as  they  may  deem  expedient  to 
assist  them  in  carrying  out  the  programme.  This 
report  was  made  to  the  General  Committee  at  a  meet- 
ing held  April  5,  1886.  At  subsequent  meetings  of  the 
committee  additional  sub-committees  were  appointed, 
and  citizens  were  added  to  some  of  the  committees,  so 
that  the  full  organization  of  the  committee  as  completed 
was  as  follows,  viz : 

GENERAL   COMMITTEE. 

CHARLES  J.  CHAPMAN,  Mayor. 

aldermen. 

George  W.  Beale,  Thomas  McMahon, 

Virgil  C.  Wilson,  Whitman  Sawyer, 

Horace  H.  Ricker,  William  M.  Marks, 

Herbert  G.  Briggs. 

councilmen. 

JOHN  P.  HOBBS,  President. 

George  Trefethen,  Jerome  Rumery, 

Richard  K.  Gatley,  Richard  H.  Parker, 

Henry  P.  Dewey,  John  Williamson, 

Joseph  A.  McGowan,  Caleb  N.  Lang, 

Michael  C.  McCann,  Henry  P.  Cox, 

Daniel  S.  Murphy,  George  H.  Abboit, 

Augustus  B.  Brown,  Ansel  G.  Dewev, 

Osman  Adams,  Edward  W.  Kent, 

Frank  H.  Gushing,  John  C.  Roberts, 

Patrick  J.  O'Neil,  Eliphalet  G.  Spring, 

George  C.  Burgess,  City  Clerk. 


28 


CKNTENiMAL     CKLKHRATrON. 


OK(;A\I/Air()N    OK     THE    COM  M  II'IKK 


Hon.   CHARLES  J.   CHAPMAN,  Mavor,    Cluiiniuiii. 

John   T.    Hri.i..  (jKo.   C.    IU'kokss. 

C/i'ik  !>/  Com)iiilt<;\  Slx'x  General  Coininittiw 

criice.   Room  No.  iS,  Cily  Hall. 

SL!R-C()MMrn'KES. 

Fiiiaur,- ijiiil  hlstiniiitcs — .Ma\or,  Cnimcilnicn  Treiethen  and  Cox. 

Conrspi)ii,/,-iu\-  ir:i.i  liirltoti(>ns — MaNor,  Aldcniian  Marks,  CouiiLil- 
iiien  .Abbott  and  .Sprini;". 

Sunday  Serrius — Aldniiian  Marks,  Councilnian  Ansel  (I.  Dewey, 
( 'it_\   ( 'lerk   llu !■:;■(,' ss. 

PraTnticns  i>f  JIall  anJ  I'lihlic  /l/ii/(//nxs,  .InV/es,  i^f. — Alderman 
Wilson.  Couiui  linen  lirow  n,  Catlex ,  M  nrpln  and  Williamson  ;  Citizens, 
Ce()r<;e  V..  Ilidwii,  (leoi^e  M.  Moore,  V.  Oregory  Forsyth,  Miehael 
T.  Mnlhall.  Artlinr  M.  Sawyer. 

S(r////,s.  /\'/7/;'///;'  ()f  /u//s,  e^T. — .Alderman  Marks.  Coinicilman 
O'Neil. 

.\/<i/i,i(iv,  /it/y  _jf//.  /'rorcssiitiis.  Dtw  aiul  A'/v 7/ ///;'' — Mayor,  Alderman 
Saw\er,  ('onncilnien  (Jatlev,  McCiowan,  Brown,  Cushinj.;,  Runier\, 
Lang.  Abbott,  and  Spiing.  Citv  Clerk  llnrgess;  Citizens,  Lewis  !!. 
Smith.  Ceo.  M.  Moore.  Albert  L.  Merry,  Wm.  P.  Goss,  H.  1^.  lirown, 
isaae  C.  Atkinson.  ]•'.  Cregorv  Fors\th.  Cranxille  H.  Cloyes,  Alhro 
K.  (hase,  Angnstine  1).  Smith,  Ceorge  Webster,  'I'homas  A.  Roberts. 

MoHiliiy  .IftrrNiinn.  /■jiti-iiainincnt  fi>r  Cliiltiren  at  J)i'erini:^  J'ark — 
.Aldeiinan  llriggs,  ( 'oinuilinen  McCiowan,  J'arker,  Williamson,  and 
.Ansel  C.  1  )ewe\ . 

A'tXaf/a — Alderman  Me.Mahon.  ('(rnncilmen  Mc('ann.  Henr\'  P. 
I)ewe\.  Cnshing.  ()'Neil  and  Roberts;  Citizens,  Miehael  F.  Uavis, 
Daniel  F.   iiowen.   llenr\    Kin!\. 

I.itrrarx  Ji.\enis,s  at  Citx  I  fall.  Tursdaw  July  d///— .\Liyor,  Alder- 
men  Ileale  and  Ihiggs,  ('ii\-  (lerk  lUirgess. 

Music — .Alderman  Ricker.  ('onncilnien  Mnrphy.  Rmnery,  Cox  and 
Kent;  Citizens.  John  L.  Shaw,  Herman  Kotzschmar,  John   B.  Coyle. 


CENTENNTAT,    CKLKHKATION.  29 

Excursion  to  Islands — Alderman  Ricker,  Councilnien  Trefethen, 
Henry  P,  Dewey,  Parker  and  Hobbs. 

Reception  by  City  Government,  Tuesday  Eveninf:; — Mayor,  Alderman 
Sawyer,  Councilman  Hobbs,  Ex-Mayors  Neal  Dow,  William  \V. 
Thomas,  Jacob  McLellan,  William  L.  I'utnam,  (leor<fe  P.  Wescott, 
Roswell  M.  Richardson,  Francis  Fessenden,  George  Walker,  William 
Senter,  Charles  F.  Libby,  John  W.  Deering,  Marquis  F.  King. 

Uig/i  Schools,  Reunion — Alderman  Wilson,  Councilnien  Kent  and 
Adams;  Citizens,  Thomas  Tash,  Albro  E.  Chase,  James  E.  Marrett, 

E.  S.  Erving  McLellan. 

Historical  Committee — Alderman  Peale,  Councilman  Cox,  City 
Clerk  Burgess. 

Printing — Alderman  Briggs,  Councilmen  Hobbs  and  McCann. 
Iransportation — Alderman  Sawyer,  ('ouncilmen  Gatley  and  Lang. 

Memorial  Volume — Mayor,  Alderman  Briggs,  Councilmen  Mc- 
Gowan  and  Cox,  City  Clerk  Burgess. 

Fire  Works — Alderman  Sawyer,  Councilmen  Adams,  Trefethen, 
O'Neil  and  Kent. 

Committee  on  Transportation  and  Subsistence  for  Military  Companies — 
Alderman  Wilson;  Citizens,  Gen.  John  J.  Lynch,  Q.  M.  Sterling 
Dow. 

Grand  Trunk  Railroad  Display — Citizens,  Joseph  N.  Martin,  David 

F.  Corser,    Duncan    Menish,  Sidney    B.    Stewart,  John    Evans,    Fred 
Smith. 

Portland  and  Odgensburg  Railroad  Display — Citizens,  Samuel  J. 
Anderson,  Jonas   Hamilton,  V\'alter  Tolman,  Alexander  S.  LIrquhart. 

Portland  Company — Citizens,  George  W.  Beale.  George  F.  Morse, 
Alonzo  M.  Millett,  Charles  F.  Dam,  Robert  M.  Gould. 

Horses  and  Carriages — Alderman  Sawyer,  Councilmen  Cushing  and 
Murphy. 

Badges  and  Emblems — Alderman  Wilson,  Councilmen  ISrown  and 
Cox. 

J'rogrammes  an/l  Ad7'ertising—Couuc'\\mtin  Hobbs  and  McGowan, 
Cil)  Clerk  Burgess. 


30  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Historical  Representations — Alderman  Marks;  Citizens,  H.  B.  Brown, 
George  D.  Rand,  George  M.  Moore.  William  A.  Goodwin,  Edward 
C.  Jordan,  Charles  H.  Boyd,  John  C.  Stevens,  Fred  A.  Tiionipson, 
Stephen  i\I.  Watson. 

Committee  on  Promenade  Concert,  Tuesday  ETening — Citizens,  William 
Senter,  jr.,  Fritz  H.  Jordan,  Fred  R.  Farrington,  Clayton  J.  Farring- 
ton,  Howard  E.  Gould,  David  W.  Snow,  Arthur  S.  Gilson,  Harry  R. 
Virgin. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Sub-committee  on  Procession, 
held  Wednesday  evening,  April  14,  1886,  it  was  voted 
that  the  different  military  organizations  of  the  city,  the 
civic  associations,  the  pupils  of  the  Grammar  and  High 
schools,  also  of  the  Catholic  schools,  and  the  Fire 
Department  be  invited  to  take  part  in  the  procession 
of  Monday,  July  5th;  also  that  a  trades  procession 
be  organized  to  participate  in  the  procession.  Sub- 
sequently invitations  were  extended  to  the  military 
detachment  at  Fort  Preble,  and  the  officers  and  crew 
of  the  Revenue  Cutter  Dallas,  and  the  officers  and 
crew  of  the  North  Atlantic  squadron.'  Subsequently 
the  First  Regiment,  M.  V.  M.,  was  ordered  by  the 
Governor  to  take  part  in  the  parade  of  July  5th, 
and  invitations  that  had  been  extended  was  accepted  by 
the  Yarmouth  Riiies,  Bath  Light  Infantry,  Portland 
Cadets,  and  Fraternity  Cadets.  Also  an  invitation  was 
accepted  by  Damon  Division  Uniform  Rank,  No.  i, 
Knights  of  Pythias,  of  Lewiston.  It  was  voted  that 
Major  Holman  S.  Melcher  be  invited  to  act  as  Chief 
Marshal  of  the  procession  July  5th,  with  authority  to 
appoint  his  own  aids,  and  he  subsequently  by  letter  to 
the  committee  accepted  the  appointment. 

'  See  letters,  post. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  31 

At  a-meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Processions  Albro 
E.  Chase  was  appointed  Marshal  of  the  Division  of 
School  Children,  and  he  was  authorized  to  appoint  his 
own  aids. 

April  30TH.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Committee  on 
Procession  the  Committee  on  Historic  Representations 
made  a  report,  recommending  the  preparation  of 
nine  historical  and  five  allegorical  representations  on 
floats  as  a  part  of  the  procession  of  Monday,  July  5th 
next,  which  report  was  accepted. 

The  Sub-committee  on  Trades'  Procession  held  a 
meeting  Thursday  evening.  May  6,  1886.  The  follow- 
ing sub-committees  were  appointed: 

Agricultural  Implements,  Brushes,  Brooms  and  Stone  Ware — S.  Cole- 
man  Allen. 

Apothecaries,  Cigars  and  Tobacco — Henry  P.  S.  Goold. 

Bakers  and  Confectioners — Lewis  A.  Goudy,  George  E.  Sawyer. 

Boat  Builders  and  Riggers — Charles  H.  Bain. 

Books — Frederick  W.  Bailey,  Charles  T.  Varney,  Leonard  O.  Short. 

Box  and  Trunk  Manufacturers — Charles  L.  Brackett. 

Brass  Founders  and  Iron  Workers — Martin  A.  Dillingham,  Arthur 
S.  Megquier. 

Butchers  and  Provision  Dealers — Austin  D.  Sulivan. 

Furniture,  Cabinet  Makers,  Carpets,  6^r. — Walter  L.  Corey,  Isaac  C. 
Atkinson,  Thomas  H.  McDonnell. 

Canned  Goods,  Retail  Grocers — Martin  A.  Dillingham,  Frank  W. 
Stockman,  Austin  I).  Sulivan. 

Carpenters  and  lumber — George  W.  Sylvester. 

Carriages  and  Harnesses — Peter  H.   Bradley. 

Clothing  and  Gent's  Furnishing  Goods — Willard  C.  Ware,  Fred  R. 
Farrington. 


32  CKNTKNNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

Coal  and  Wood — Isaac  C.  Atkinson. 

Coopcrai::;^ — Fred  A.  Mohson. 

Crockery  and  Mar hlf  Workers — John  E.  Sawyer. 

Dry  Goods — All)erl  S.  Rines,  George  M.  Moore,  Leander  A.  Wade. 

Express  Co?/ipa/iies — (!liarles  A.  Cushing". 

Fertilizers — Fred  D.  Ellis. 

Wholesale  and  Retail  hisit — Cleorge  F.  Loveitt.  Albert  N.   Hawes. 

JVioto}:;rapJiY  and  hlorists — Joseph  H.  Lamson. 

Cros  hitters  and  /'/iinit>ers — Charles  A.  Pluumier. 

Wholesale  irroeers^  ^'C. — Hollis  B.  Hill,  William  H.  Stexens. 

Jfardware^  ^^e. — Henry  L.  Houghton,  Joseph  A.  King. 

Hats  and  Caps — Roliert  F.  Somers,  Albert  L.  Merry. 

Jee  and  Refrii^^erators — Willard  C.  Ware. 

Jewelry  and  Clocks — Charles  H.  Lamson. 

Machinery  anil  Boiler  Jfakers — -Thomas  P>.  Merrill,  Charles  P. 
Eabcock. 

jVe^C'spapers  an/1  J'rinti/i:^ — George  U.  Loring. 

J\jints  and  Oils — Charles  H.  Bain. 

Boots  and  Shoes — Horace  H.  Shaw.  William  P.  Goss.  ('harles  A. 
Cushing. 

Ship  Chandlery — Charles  H.  J^ain. 

Millinery — John  E.    1' aimer. 

hlayi^s  and  Sailniake/s — J.  Edward  Fickett. 

Mnsiciil  /nstn/nii'nts — William  11.  H.  Saunders. 

Sub-committcc  on  Decorations,  at  a  meeting  held 
May  7,  i886: 

Vo']"ED,  To  ha\e  tlie  City  Hall  decorated  on  the  outside  and  inside, 
with  the  corridors.  Recejition  Hall.  Mayor's  otiice.  Alderman  and 
Common  Council  room.  'i1ie  old  Citv  Hall  on  the  outsicle.  Ten 
strings  of  Hags  to  be  placed  at  dilTerent  jioints  across  Congress 
street.  The  contract  for  these  decorations  was  subsequent!}  awarded 
to  Ji)hn  (i.  Weston,  of  Lawrence,  Mass. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  33 

The  Sub-committee  on  Children's  Entertainment  held 
a  meeting  May  17,  1886,  and 

Voted,  To  have  an  entertainment  for  the  children  at  Deering  Park, 
on  Monday  afternoon,  July  5th,  to  consist  of  a  children's  concert. 
Punch  and  Judy  shows,  day  fire  works,  music  from  the  bands.  Sub- 
sequently, the  committee  arranged  for  a  balloon  ascension  from 
Lincoln  Park. 

The  Sub-committee  on  Sunday  Services,  at  a  meeting 
held  May  19,  1886,  arranged  a  programme  for  the  ser- 
vices to  be  held  at  the  City  Hall  on  Sunday  afternoon 
and  evening  of  July  4th,  which  was  satisfactorily  and 
successfully  carried  out. 

The  Committee  on  Music  at  various  meetings  ar- 
ranijed  for  and  engraged  thirteen  bands  to  furnish  music 
for  the  procession  of  July  5th,  and  also  provided  the 
music  for  the  exercises  at  the  City  Hall  on  Sunday,  July 
4th,  and  Tuesday,  July  6th. 

The  Sub-committee  on  Memorial  Volume  made  a 
report  to  the  City  Council  May  27,  1886,  and  the  fol- 
lowing order  was  passed: 

"Ordered,  That  the  Sub-committee  of  the  Centennial  C'ommittee 
having  in  charge  the  preparation  of  a  Memorial  Volume,  be  and  is 
hereby  authorized  to  prepare  for  publication  and  to  publish  one 
volume,  to  be  an  account  of  the  centennial  celebration  of  the  in- 
corporation of  Portland,  under  the  editorial  supervision  of  John  'I". 
Hull,  Esq. 

"And  one  volume,  to  be  a  memorial  history  of  Portland  from  the 
date  of  its  incorporation,  under  the  editorial  supervision  of  Gen. 
John  Marshall  Brown. 

"The  expense  of  publishing  said  volumes,  so  far  as  borne  b\-  the 
city,  to  be  charged  to  the  appropriation  for  contingent  expenses."' 

'  Vol.  22,  p.  35S.  City  Records. 

3 


34  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

The  Sub-committee  on  Fireworks,  at  a  meeting  held 
May  24th,  accepted  the  proposal  of  the  "Unexcelled 
h'ireworks  Company"  of  New  York  to  furnish  a  display 
of  fireworks  on  Monday  evening,  July  5th,  according  to 
the  programme  as  furnished  by  them. 

llie  Sub-committee  on  Invitations,  at  a  meeting  held 
March  18,  1886: 

"  Voted,  That  the  C'lerk  of  the  Committee  commence  the  work  of 
correspondence  the  next  day  (March  19th),  and  he  be  directed  to 
prepare  lists  of  the  names  of  those  living  in  other  places  who  were 
former  residents  of  Portland." 

And  in  accordance  with  this  vote  the  Clerk  of  the 
Committee  pi"epared  the  following  Circular,  which  was 
published  in  all  the  State  of  Maine  newspapers,  and 
other  papers  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and 
extensively  circulated  through  the  mails: 

CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION, 


PORTLAND,  JULY  4TH,   1886. 

Tlie  ("onimittee  on  Imitations  of  the  Centennial  Committee  desire 
to  ha\e  a  record  prepared  of  the  names  of  the  Sons  and  Daughters 
of  Portland,  who  are  residents  in  other  places  to  whom  in\  italions  to 
attend  the  Centennial  Anniversary  can  be  sent.  For  that  purpose 
they  request  information  of  such  absentees  including  those  who  were 
born  here — those  whose  parents,  or  husbands,  or  wives  were  natives 
of  our  city,  and  also  those  not  nati\es  who  were  former  residents. 
Such  information  can  be  communicated  by  letter  or  otherwise  to 
John  1".  Hull,  Clerk  of  C'ommittee,  at  Room  No.  18,  City  Hall. 

Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor, 

PoRiLAN]),  March  19,  1886.  Chairman  of  Committee, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  35 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Sub-committee  on  Invitations, 
held  Friday,  June  4th,  it  was  voted  to  send  invitations 
signed  by  the  Mayor,  to  the  persons  hereinafter  named, 
inviting  them  to  attend  the  Centennial  Celebration  on 
July  4th,  5th  and  6th  next,  as  the  special  guests  of  the 
city,  and  while  here  to  be  entertained  at  the  expense  of 
the  city ;  and  invitations  in  the  following  form  were 
sent: 


CENTENNIAL    COMMITTEE. 

Hon.  CHARLES  J.  CHAPMAN,  Mayor,  Chairman. 

John  T.  Hull,  George  C.  Burgess, 

Clerk  of  Cotnmittee.  Secy  General  Conwiittee. 

Room  No.  18,  City  Hall. 

Portland,  Me.,  June  8th,  1886. 
Dear  Sir: 

On  behalf  of  the  Centennial  Committee  of  the  City  of  Portland, 
I  have  the  honor  to  extend  to  you  an  invitation  to  be  present  at  the 
exercises  commemorative  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  our  City. 
to  be  held  on  July  4th,  5th  and  6th  next,  as  the 

GUEST    OF    THE    CITY. 

Hoping  that  you  may  be  able  to  favor  us  with  your  attendance, 
I  am  very  respectfully 

Your  obedient  servant, 

CHAS.  J.  CHAPMAN, 

Mayor. 

To    fD.  Fuller  Appleton,  New  York. 

*Gen.  Romaine  B.  Ayers,  U.  S.  Army. 
tRev.  Phillips  Brooks,  Boston. 

*See  letters  fron-  in  appendix.  t  Present. 


36  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

To    *Hon.  Erastus  Brooks,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 
tRt.  Rev.  Alex.  Burgess,  Quincy,  Illinois. 
*Rt.  Rev.  D.  M.  Bradley,  Manchester,  N.  H. 
fRev.  Edwin  C.  Bolles,  Salem,  Mass. 
tjoseph  Brooks,  Esq,  Kennebunk,  Maine. 
*Rev.  Cyrns  A.  Bartol,  Boston. 
*B.  H.  Bartol,  Philadelphia. 

tC'apt.  Robert  Boyd,  U.  S.  N.,  Com'r  of  U.  S.  S.  Tennessee. 
*Phineas  Barnes,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
*Daniel  C.  C'olesworthy,  Boston. 
tHon.  Henry  Carter,  Haverhill,  Mass. 
tRe\  John  W.  Chickering,  Wakefield,  Mass. 
*Rev.  Joseph  C'ummings,  D.  D.,  Evanston,  111. 
*John  Ward  Deane,  Boston. 
*Hon.  Mark  H.  Bunnell,  Owatowna,  Minn. 
tRev.  Hugh  S.  (Carpenter,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Thomas  Cummings,  Esq.,  Freeport,  Me. 
tRev.  Joseph  F.  Elder,  I).  D.,  New  York. 
*Samuel  Fessenden,  Esq.,  Stamford,  Conn. 
tHon.  Henry  L.  Gregg,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Maj.  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard,  II.  S.  A.,  San  Francisco,  C:al. 
tHon.  Hannibal  Hamlin,  Bangor.  Me. 
*Hon.  Eugene  Hale.  Ellsworth,  Me. 

Ahin  Higgins,  Esq.,  New  York. 
*Hon.  Hosea  llsley,  Chelsea,  Mass. 
tHon.  Isaac  A.  Jack,  St.  John,  N.  B. 
tCharles  P.  llsley.  Esq.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
*Capt.  \\'ashington  llsley.  Limerick.  Me. 
tRev.  Elijah  Kellogg.  Harpswell,  Me. 
tHon.  Horatio  King,  Washington.  I).  C. 
*Rev.  Henry  M.  King.  I).  1).,  Albany.  N.  Y. 
tGen.  Horatio  C.  King,  New  York. 
tRev.  Samuel  Longfellow,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
tHon.  John  Lynch.  Washington,  1).  C. 
*Isaac  McLellan.  Esq..  Greenport,  L.  I. 
tjohn  H.  McDonough.  Esq.,  P)OSton. 
tProf.  Edward  S.  Morse,  Salem,  Mass. 
*Mrs.  Clara  (Barnes)  Martin,  Boston. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  37 

To    *Stephen  R.  Niles,  Esq.,  Boston. 
tRev.  J.  T.  G.  Nichols,  Saco,  Me. 
tHon.  William  D.  Pennell,  Lewiston,  Me. 
*Prof.  John  K.  Paine,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
*Mrs.  Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith,  Hollywood,  N.  C. 
*Rt.  Rev.  Horatio  Southgate,  Ravensvvood,  N.  Y. 
tMaj.  Charles  W.  Stevens,  Boston, 
*Andrew  Scott,  Esq.,  Flushing,  L.  I. 
*Mrs  Ann  S.  Stephens,  New  York. 
*Rt.  Rev.  Wni.  Bacon  Stevens,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
*Rev.  Horatio  Stebbins,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
*Hon.  Francis  Springer,  Columbus  Junction,  Iowa. 
*Hori.  Charles  Levi  Woodbury,  Boston. 
*Hon  Stewart  L.  Woodford,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
fMrs.  Abba  Goold  Woolson,  Concord,  N.  H. 
*Moses  Woolson,  Concord,  N.  H. 
*Sargent  S.  Prentiss,  Esq.,  New  Orleans. 
*Mrs.  N.  P.  Willis,  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
*Mrs.  Mary  Neal  Sherwood,  Baltimore,  Md. 
*Miss  Margaret  E.  Neal,  Baltimore,  Md. 

The  above  were  either  natives,  former  residents,  or 
their  parents,  husbands  or  wives  were  born  in  Portland. 

OFFICIAL    GUESTS. 

*The  President,  Grover  Cleveland,  Washington,  D.  C. 
tThe  Governor,  Hon.  Frederick  Robie,  Gorham,  Me. 

STAFF. 

tBrig.  Gen.  Samuel  J.  Gallagher,  Augusta. 
*Brig.  Gen.  John  T.  Richards,  Gardiner. 
tCol.  Augustus  C.  Hamlin,  Bangor. 
tCol.  F.  M.  Guptill,  Saco. 
fCol.  Samuel  N.  Campbell,  Cherrytield. 
tCol.  Charles  C.  Burrill,  Ellsworth. 
tCol.  Enoch  C.  Farrington,  Portland. 
tCol.  Frank  D.  PuUen,  Bangor. 

AIDS. 

tLt.  Col.  Wm.  A.  R.  Boothby,  Waterville. 
tLt.  Col.  Wm.  B.  King,  Calais. 


212342 


38  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

To    tLt.  Col.  Albert  B.  Nealley,  Lewiston. 
tLt.  Col.  Wm.  F.  Boardman,  Calais. 
tLt.  Col.  J.  Frank  Hayden,  Bath. 
tLt.  Col.  Ruel  T.  McLellan,  Portland. 
tLt.  Col.  Frank  C.  Knight,  Rockland, 
tLt.  Col.  George  E.  Dole,  Bangor. 

STATE  COUNCILLORS. 

*Hon.  Ernest  M.  Goodall,  Sanford. 
tHon.  Joseph  A.  Locke,  Portland. 
*Hon.  George  R.  Fernald,  Milton. 
tHon.  A.  R.  Bixby,  Skowhegan. 
tHon.  Andrew  R.  G.  Smith,  Whitefield. 
tHon.  Silas  C.  Hatch,  Bangor. 
*Hon.  Lambert  Sands,  Sebec. 

*Gen.  Charles  Hamlin,  Bangor. 

*Hon.  James  G.  Blaine,  Augusta. 

*Hon.  William.  P.  Frye,  U.  S.  Senator,  Lewiston. 

*H()n.  Nelson  Dingley,  Jr.,  M.  C,  Lewiston. 

*Hon.  Charles  A.  Boutelle,  M.  C,  Bangor. 

*Hon.  Seth  L.  Milliken,  M.  C,  Belfast. 

*Rev.  Wm.  DeW.  Hyde,  President  of  Bowdoin  College. 

*Rev.  G.  D.  B.  Pepper,  President  of  Colby  University. 

*Rev.  Owen  B.  Cheney,  President  of  Bates  College. 

tHon.  M.  C.  Fernald,  President  of  State  College. 

*Hon.  John  1).  Long,  Pres't  of  the  "  Sons  of  Maine,"  Boston. 

*Hon.  J.imes  W.  Bradbury,  President  of  the  Maine  Historical 

Society,  Augusta. 
tChairman  of   lioard  of  Selectmen,  Cape  Elizabeth. 

Cliairman  of  lioard  of  Selectmen,  Deering. 
tChairman  of   Board  of   Selectmen,  Westbrook. 

Chairman  of  Board  of  Selectmen,  Falmouth. 
tHon.  Joseph  R.  Bod  well,  Hallowell. 
*Col.  Clark  S.  Edwards,   IJethel. 
*Hon.  J.  Bois  De  Veber,  Mayor  of  St.  John,  N.  B. 
tHon.  Samuel  E.  Parcher,  Mayor  of  Biddeford. 
tHon.  Roscoe  L.  Bowers,  Mayor  of  Saco. 
tHon.  L.  M.  Haskell,  Mayor  of  Auburn. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


39 


To    tHon.  Daniel  Gowan,  Mayor  of  Lewiston. 

*Hon.  George  E.  Macomber,  Mayor  of  Augusta. 
*Hon.  J.  E.  Ladd,  Mayor  of  Gardiner. 
tHon.  Augustine  Lord,  Mayor  of  Hallowell. 
fHon.  Benjamin  Williams,  Mayor  of  Rockland. 

Hon.  J.  M.  Wakefield,  Mayor  of  Bath. 

Hon.  Charles  Baker,  Mayor  of  Belfast. 
*Hon.  E.  B.  Neally,  Mayor  of  Bangor. 

Hon.  H.  B.  Mason,  Mayor  of  Ellsworth. 
*Hon.  M.  N.  McCusick,  Calais. 
*Hon.  Mayor,  Newburg,  N.  Y. 

To  those  who  accepted  the  invitations,  the  following 
circular  was  sent: 

CENTENNIAL    COMMITTEE. 

Hon.  CHARLES  J.  CHAPMAN,  Mayor,  Chairman. 

John  T.  Hull,  George  C.  Burgess, 

Clerk  of  Committee,  Sec'y  Genera/  Committee. 

Room  No.  18,  City  Hall. 
Dear  Sir: 

The  Committee  on  Invitations  of  the  Centennial  Committee,  have 
the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  favor  of inform- 
ing them  of  your  acceptance  of  the  invitation  to  be  present  at  the 
exercises  commemorative  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  City 
of  Portland,  on  July  4th,  5th  and  6th,  next,  as  the 

Guest  of  the  City, 
and  they  beg  leave  to  inform  you,  that,  if  agreeable  to  you,  arrange- 
ments have  been  made  for  your  entertainment  while  here,  at 

where  you   will   proceed  on   your   arrival   in   the    City,  and  of  which 
please  notify  the  Clerk  of  the  Committee,  John  T.   Hull,   Room  No. 

18,  City  Hall. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor.  Chairman. 

WiLLL-^M  M.  Marks, 
George  H.  Abbott, 
Eliphalet  G.  Spring, 

Committee  on  hiaitaiions. 


40  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

The  Committee  on  Excursion  to  the  Islands,  at  a 
meeting  held  June  14th,  voted  to  accept  the  proposition 
of  the  Forest  City  Steamboat  Company  to  transport 
the  company  to  Long-  Island  and  return,  and  to  furnish 
a  clam  bake.  The  bill  of  fare  to  consist  of  the  follow- 
ing, viz:  clams,  eggs,  lobsters,  corn,  potatoes,  sweet  and 
Irish,  coffee,  tea,  brown  bread,  pilot  bread,  butter,  dip 
for  the  bake,  pickles.  Mr.  David  B.  Ricker  was  added 
to  the  committee. 

The  Committee  on  High  School  Reunion,  at  a  meet- 
ing held  June  7th,  voted  to  add  Thomas  Tash,  Superin- 
tendent of  schools,  Albro  E,  Chase,  Principal  of  the 
Hioh  School,  lames  E.  Marrett  and  E.  S.  Ervincr 
McLellan,  graduates,  to  the  committee. 

VoiED,  That  Councilman  Adams,  of  the  City  Committee,  Messrs. 
Chase,  Marrett  and  McLeHan  he  a  committee  to  prepare  a  list  of 
names  for  a  sub-committee,  one  lady  and  one  gentleman  from  each 
class. 

This  committee  subsequently  reported  the  following 
names  as  the  committee: 

Committee  of  the  High  School  Classes. 

Graduating  class,  i<S64.     Chas.  A.  Haskell,  Mrs.  Chas  A.   Haskell. 

1865.  E.  S.  Erving  McLellan,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Smith. 

1866.  ist  class,  Mrs.  H.  P.  Larrabee. 

t866.     2d  class,  George  E.  Raymond,   Miss  Hattie  Blanchard. 

1867.  Edwin  L.  Goding,  Miss  Annie  W.  Lyman. 
i868.     Dr.  George  H.  Cummings,  Miss  Ella  M.  Adams. 

1869.  Charles  F.  Guptill,  Miss  Mary  F.  Baker. 

1870.  Edward  W.  Corey,  Miss  Lucy  N.  Blanchard. 
187  I.  George  M.  Thomas,  Mrs.  George  W.  Way. 
1872.  James  E.  Marrett,  Miss  Ella  S.  Sargent. 

''^73-     Josiah  H.  Drummond,  Jr.,  Mrs.  Charles  D.  Smith. 
1874.     Charles  O.  Haskell,  Mrs.  E.  S.  Goding. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


41 


^875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 


Walter  G.  Davis,  Miss  Alice  J.  Evans. 
Fred  N.  Hamilton,  Miss  Edith  Hersey. 
Samuel  H.  Thompson,  Miss  Nora  E.  Wyer. 
Will.  C.  Allen,  Miss  Mary  S.  Murch. 
Wilford  G.  Chapman,  Miss  Mabel  Hurd. 
D.  Ray  Frohock,  Miss  Annie  Fowler. 
Charles  F.  Flagg,  Miss  Carrie  Thompson. 
Frank  O.  Haskell,  Miss  Florence  E.  Woodbury, 
Fred  E.  Eastman,  Miss  Alice  M.  Allen. 
Fred  G.  Fassett,  Miss  Mary  G.  Moses. 
Fred  H.  Palmer,  Miss  Edith  H.  McAlpine. 
George  Morrill,  Miss  Emma  Jones. 


The  Committee  on  Entertainment  for  Children  at 
Deering  Park,  at  a  meeting  held,  voted  to  engage  the 
services  of  Mrs.  Ann  E.  Merrill,  music  teacher  in  the 
Public  Schools,  to  make  arrangements  for  the  children's 
concert  at  Deering  Park  on  the  afternoon  of  Monday, 
July  5th. 

The  Committee  on  Invitations  caused  to  be  designed 
and  engraved  an  invitation  card  like  the  copy  on  the 
opposite  page.  Over  four  thousand  of  them  were  sent 
to  the  sons  and  daughters  of  Portland,  and  special 
distinguished  guests.  Also  the  following  circular  ac- 
companied each  invitation  card  sent: 

1786  PORTLAND'S  1886 

CENTENNIAL  ANNIVERSARY  CELEBRATION, 

July  4TH,  5TH  and  6th,  1886. 

To  the  Sons  and  Daughters  of  Portland  and  its  Former  Residents : 

The  City  of  Portland  proposes  to  celebrate  its  Centennial  .Anni- 
versary in  an  appropriate  manner,  by  suitable  services  on  Sunday, 
July  4th;  procession  and  displays  on  Monday,  July  5tli  :  liistorical 
and  literary  exercises,  entertainments,  excursions  and  reunions  on 
Tuesday,  July  6th,  next. 


42  CENTENNIAT-     CELEBRATION. 

The  Committee  on  Invitations  cordially  invite  you  to  be  present 
on  that  occasion,  and  they  have  caused  the  otiicial  invitation  of  the 
city  to  be  sent  to  you  from  the  Chairman  of  the  Centennial  Com- 
mittee, and  it  is  hoped  that  at  that  time  many  of  you  may  be  able  to 
return  to  and  visit  again 

"    .      .      .      .     the  Ijcautitul   town 
That  is  seated  bv  t!ie  sea." 

Please  reply  to  this  communication  as  soon  as  is  possible,  and  if 
you  or  any  of  your  family  propose  to  attend  the  celebration,  please 
forward  their  names  and  intended  places  of  entertainment,  while 
here,  to  John  T.  Piull,  Clerk  of  Committee,  room  No.  18,  City  Hall, 
in  order  that  a  record  may  be  kept  for  the  information  of  the 
committee. 

A  full  programme  and  information  respecting  transportation  will 
be   published   hereafter. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Chart,es  J.   Chapman,  A/ay<>?\  Chairntati. 
WiLLAM  M.   Marks,         j      Conimittcc 
George  H.  Abbott,         '  on 

Eliphai,e'1'  G.   Spring,    j     rnrltaiions. 
Portland,  Jiuie   i,    1886. 

Many  interesting  responses  and  letters  were  received, 
some  of  wliich  are  ]3ublished  hereafter. 

The  Clerk  of  the  Committee,  Mr.  John  T.  Plull,  on 
April  30th,  ]3ublished  the  following  communication  in 
the  Daily  Argus: 

The  proposed  celebration  of  our  hundredth  anni\ersary  by  the 
cit\',  Jul\-  4th,  5th  and  6th  next,  and  the  reimion  of  its  former  residents, 
is  regarded  with  a  good  degree  of  faxor  by  its  sons  and  daughters,' 
absent  from  us,  who  are  to  be  found  in  all  parts  of  oiu'  land. 

Notices  of  the  intended  celebration  ha\e  been  published  and 
widely  circulated  by  newspapers  in  different  sections  of  our  country, 
and  the  responses  from  the  former  residents  have  l)een  niunerous  and 
heartv.  Letters  ha\e  been  recei\ed  from  parties  residing  in  over 
twenty  States  and  Territories  of  the   United   States,   and   also   in  the 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  43 

British  Provinces,  who  formerly  dwelt  with  us,  or  their  children  whose 
homes  now  are  far  distant  from  the  "old  town  by  the  sea,"  all 
expressing  a  deep  interest  in  the  proposed  reunion  and  wishing  their 
names  enrolled  in  the  lists  of  those  to  whom  invitations  are  intended 
to  be  sent. 

A  newspaper  published  in  an  extreme  section  of  the  Northwest 
(The  Daily  Argus  of  Fargo,  Dakota  Territory)  publishes  the  following 
humorous  notice,  viz : 

"According  to  the  Bismark  Tribune,  Dr.  J.  B.  Hall,  at  one  time  a 
citizen  of  North  Dakota,  now  down  in  Maine,  wants  all  former  resi- 
dents of  Portland,  including  Brad  Stevens,  to  send  their  names  to 
John  T.  Hull,  No.  i8,  City  Hall,  Portland,  so  a  record  of  all  can  be 
had.  Anybody  born  there,  or  ever  living  there,  should  respond. 
Maine  has  many  gallant  sons  in  Dakota  and  Colonel  Pluinmer." 

The  Capital,  published  at  Jamestown,  Dakota  Territory,  says : 

"Portland,  Me.,  is  to  have  a  grand  centennial  anniversary  celebra- 
tion on  the  5th  of  July.  The  sons  and  daughters  of  Portland  the 
world  over  are  invited  to  return  for  the  time  to  their  old  home  and 
participate  in  the  pleasures  of  the  day.  That  Portland  can  entertain, 
needs  no  demonstration  to  those  who  attended  tlie  G.  A.  R.  encamp- 
ment last  season." 

M.  P.  Williams,  a  former  resident  of  Portland,  now  editor  of  the 
Register,  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  in  his  paper  says  : 

"Portland's  Centennial. — The  city  of  Portland.  Me.,  will  appro- 
priately celebrate  its  centennial  anniversary  on  the  4lii  of  July  next. 
Old  Falmouth  has  a  most  interesting  history,  and  her  children — 
many  of  them  distinguished  in  literature,  science  and  statesmanship — 
are  scattered  all  over  the  globe.  The  attractions  of  Casco  Hay  and 
its  surroundings  at  the  balmy  season  of  the  year  cannot  fail  to  draw 
together  an  immense  throng.  Mayor  Chapman,  chairman  of  the 
Centennial  Committee,  has  issued  the  following  circular,"  ^:c. 

From  the  various  letters  received  by  the  clerk  of  the  Centennial 
Committee,  we  make  some  pleasing  extracts,  which  show  the  feeling 
of  Portland's  children  for  their  old  home,  and  first  of  all  wc  give  a 
portion    of    a   letter    from    Portland's  former  ,gifted    authoress    and 


44  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

poetess,  now  living  at  an  advanced  age,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith. 
VVe  regret  that  we  have  not  now  space  to  publish  the  letter  in  full  : 

Hollywood,  Cartaret  Co.,  N.  C, 

April  19,  1886. 
Mr.  John.  T  Hull,  Clerk  of  Committee,  &>c.  : 

If  possible  I  will  be  with  you  to  contribute  my  mite  on  the  august 
occasion.  I  shall  at  least  hope  to  send  you  a  word.  Portland,  like 
Mount  Zion,  is  "beautiful  for  situation,"  and  why  not  add  "the  joy 
of  the  whole  world?"  for  her  childien  have  l)een  an  honor  to  her. 
And  first,  should  be  my  husband,  Mr.  Seba  Smith,  whose  humorous 
writings  are  still  in  demand,  being  the  thoughts  pertaining  to  states- 
manship, presented  in  the  guise  of  humor.  Of  course  you  are 
familiar  with  the  record  of  the  worthies  of  Portland,  who  are  house- 
hold words  in  our  republic:  Seba  Smith,  John  Neal,  Henry  W. 
Longfellow,  N.  P.  Willis,  and  I  think  Fannie  Fern,  his  sister,  (her 
daughter,  now  Mrs.  Parton,  lives  in  New  York.)-  Daniel  C.  Coles- 
worthy,  Chelsea,  Mass.  John  Neal's  daughter  lives  in  Baltimore,  I 
think.  Mrs.  Ann  S.  Stephens  has  one  daughter  with  her  in  New  York 
City.  Hon.  Francis  Springer,  Columbus  Junction,  Iowa.  He  framed 
the  constilution  of  Iowa,  and  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  for 
twelve  years. 

Alas!  when  we  enumerate  the  children  of  Portland  it  revives  the 
memory  of  my  sorrows.  Of  my  six  sons,  two  are  this  side  of  the 
bourne  whither  we  all  tend — Hon.  Appleton  Oaksmith,  late  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  North  Carolina,  and  not  undistinguished  as  a 
writer  of  verse  and  prose;  Mrs.  Augusta  Oaksmith,  born  and  a  resi- 
dent of  Portland,  now  of  Hollywood,  Cartaret  Co.,  N.  C.  Alvin 
Oaksmith,  also  a  writer  of  verse  and  prose,  and  lately  nominated  to 
oSce  by  acclamation,  is  living  in  Blue  Point,  L.  I 

In  my  travels  as  a  lecturer  and  preacher,  it  was  not  unfrequently 
that  I  met  some  former  resident  of  Portland,  and  always  they  were 
doing  her  honor  by  position  and  character.  Of  her  numerous  sons 
high  in  attainments,  and  iiigh  in  honors,  you  need  no  mention  from 
me.  I  have  been  prolix,  and  yet  I  fear  I  h.ive  done  little  to  help  you 
in  honoring  those  to  whom  honor  is  due. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith." 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  46 

Among  other  letters  to  the  committee  is  one  from  a  hidy,  a  native 
of  this  city,  residing  thirty  years  in  Texas,  who  says,  "  My  best  wishes 
will  be  with  you  all  on  the  day  appointed.  My  recollections  of  your 
beautiful  city  are  very  pleasant,  although  I  have  been  so  long  a 
stranger." 

Mrs.  Dorcas  Conner  of  Lynn,  aged  84  years,  writes:  "I  am  too 
feeble  to  attend.  My  father  was  Philip  Fowler,  who  built,  in  1800, 
the  building  (on  Fore  street)  now  known  as  the  "Friendly  Inn." 
My  mother  was  Dorcas  Tukey,  the  youngest  child  of  eleven,  and 
daughter  of  Jona  Tukey.  I  am  the  last  of  my  family.  I  lived  with 
my  cousin,  Mrs.  Seward  Porter,  about  1812,  and  helped  make  powder 
bags  to  fit  out  privateers.  I  had  to  fit  out  my  husband  and  two  sons 
to  the  war  of  the  rebellion.  I  remember  many  incidents  connected 
with  the  war  of  18 12,  and  the  embargo,  and  I  would  like  to  lay  my 
eyes  once  more  on  my  native  place ;  but  I  never  shall.  I  take  a 
great  interest  in  all  that  pertains  to  my  native  place." 

Dea.  E.  F.  Duren  of  Bangor,  in  one  of  his  letters  says  :  "  I  am 
much  interested  in  the  proposed  celebration  at  Portland.  I  would 
state  that  my  native  place  was  Boston  (1814),  yet  my  mother  was 
born  in  Portland,  Nov.  7th,  1786,  (centennial)  a  daughter  of  Hon. 
Samuel  Freeman  and  Betsey  (Ilsley)  (Jones)  Freeman.  My  resi- 
dence in  Portland  was  with  my  grandfather,  from  1824.  Graduated 
from  Portland  Latin  School,  Master  Libby,  classmate  of  the  late 
Commodore  Geo.  H.  Preble." 

J.  M.  Johnson,  Esq.,  editor  of  the  Commercial  Advertistt-  of 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  a  native  of  Portland,  says:  "My  desire  will  be  great 
to  be  present,  and  to  contribute  to  the  literary  exercises.  I  should 
be  pleased  to  contribute  a  brief  paper  of  reminiscences  dating  back 
fifty  years.  Also  of  the  work  of  the  committee  (at  Buffalo)  for  the 
relief  of  the  sufferers  by  the  fire  at  Portland  in  1866;  in  whicii 
$10,000  in  money  and  supplies  were  contributed  by  the  good  citizens 
of  Buffalo." 

The  venerable  Charles  Lord  of  Calais,  writes:  "Nothing  would 
give  me  greater  pleasure  than  being  present  on  the  occasion,  did  my 
health  permit.  Forty-five  years  have  passed  since  I  left  Portland. 
Very  few  of  my  acquaintances  are  now  living,  and  1  am  not  a  little 
surprised  that  I  should  be  remembered  as  a  former  resident." 


46  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

A  letter  from  a  lady  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  says:  "I  am  greatly 
attached  to  I'ortland,  and  can  never  call  any  other  place  home  ;  so 
respond  gladly  to  the  invitation,  and  give  attention  to  all  that  con- 
cerns my  beautiful  native  city." 

A  lady  residing  in  Eastport,  a  native  of  Portland  and  belonging  to 
one  of  its  prominent  families,  writes:  "I  claim  a  strong  interest  in 
the  beautiful  city  of  my  birth.  I  wish  much  to  witness  the  festivities 
of  the  anniversary,  with  my  husband  and  daughter.  Shall  do  so  if 
possible. " 

A  postal  received  reads  : 

Flushing,  N.  Y.,  April  226,  1886. 
Pr.  request  in  Transcript. 

Born  in  Portland  in  1798,  resided  there  till  1831;  since  in  New 
York  and  Flushing. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Andrew  Scott. 

A  letter  from  a  native  of  Portland,  who  has  resided  in  Texas  for 
many  years,  and  who  was,  during  the  war,  a  general  in  the  Confederate 
service,  says :  "  I  should  like  very  much  to  attend  the  celebration 
in  dear  old  Portland  if  I  am  able." 

A  letter  from  Liverpool,  N.  S.,  from  a  lady  long  residing  there, 
says  : 

"  1  have  the  honor  of  being  one  of  Portland's  grandchildren,  wliich 
makes  me,  1  presume,  eligible  for  an  invitation.  I  should  be  very 
glad  to  visit  the  birthplace  of  my  ancestry  on  my  father's  side  of 
whom  I  know  so  little.  My  father  came  to  Yarmouth,  N.  S.,  from 
Portland  about  the  year  1816,  and  married  there." 

Maj.  Charles  W.  Stevens  of  Poston,  one  of  Portland's  talented  sons 
a  prominent  merchant  and  known  as  a  writer,  speaker  and  poet,  and 
prominent  in  military  circles,  as  past  commander  of  the  Ancient  and 
Honorable  Artillery  of  Boston,  &c.,  writes  expressive  of  his  great 
interest  in  the  proposed  celebration. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  interest  that  is  being  manifested  in  this  our 
centenniel  celebration  elsewhere  will  be  responded  to  by  those  who 
are    here    at    home,  and    that    our   citizens    will    take    all    necessary 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  47 

measures  to  properly  receive  and  entertain  those  who,  on  that  oc- 
casion, will  come  back  to  see  the  "old  place,"  and  renew  the  old 
associations  and  memories  of  the  past. 

The  Chief  Marshal,  Maj.  Hohnan  S.  Melcher,  issued 
the  following  orders,  viz: 


CITY  OF  PORTLAND. 

1786.        CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION.         1886. 

Office  of  Chief  Marshal. 

Portland,  June  10,  1886. 

Dear  Sir : 

You  are  cordially  invited  to  accept  a  position  on  the  Honorary 
Staff  of  the  Chief  Marshal  on  the  occasion  of  Portland's  Centennial 
Celebration. 

In  accepting  this  invitation,  no  active  duty  will  be  required. 

You  will  report  to  General  Henry  G.  Thomas,  on  Casco  Street,  at 
9.30  a.m.,  July  5th,  mounted,  and  if  convenient,  dressed  in  a  dark 
suit,  black  hat  preferable,  and  light  gloves,  to  ride  with  other  promi- 
nent and  representative  men  of  the  city  at  the  head  of  the  column, 
and  review  the  procession  at  the  close  of  the  parade. 

Respectfully, 

H.   S.   Melchkr,  Chief  Marshal. 

Official  : 

Charlks  I).  Clark, 

Adj.  Gen'l. 


48  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


♦    CITY  OF  PORTLAND. 

1786.         CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION.         1886. 

Office  of  Chief  Marshal. 

Portland,  June,   14,   1886. 

(  General  Order.  } 

I  No.   I.  \ 

I.  The  following  named  gentlemen  have  accepted  positions  on  the 
Staff  of  the  Chief  Marshal,  in  the  Centennial  procession  of  July  5th, 
and  their  appointments  are  hereby  announced : 

Col.   Hollis  B.  Hill,  (liief  of  Staff, 
Capt.  Charles  D.  Clark,  Adjutant  General. 
Capt.  Whitman  Sawyer,  Quartermaster  General. 
Maj.   Albert  A.  Nickerson,  Inspector  General. 
Mervin  W.  CMark,  Asst.  Adjutant  General. 
Arthur  K.  Hunt,  Asst.  Quartermaster  General. 

•      AIDS. 

Col.   Henry  M.  Sprague,  CJapt.  Samuel  Thurston, 

Maj.  W.  H.  Green,  Jere.  S.  Douglass, 

Maj.  Charles  H.  Boyd,  William  Senter,  Jr., 

Capt.  Geo.  M.  Seiders,  William  Lawrence  Dana,  M.  I)., 

Capt.  Appleton  H.  Plaisted,  Geo.  M.  Young, 

Capt.  H.  H.  Shaw.  John  P.  Thomas, 

Geo.  L.  Swett,  Lyman  Hanson, 

Aug.  H.  Prince,  Fred  B.  Libby, 

William  McLellan,  Jabez  True, 

X.  John  Little,  Edward  C.  Jordan, 

Geo.  H.  McKenney,  Caleb  N.  Lang. 

II.  The  Headquarters  of  the  Chief  Marshal  are  hereby  located 
at  the  Mayor's  room.  City  Building,  on  the  morning  of  the  parade, 
where  all  ofificers  of  the  staff,  not  assigned  to  duty,  will  report 
promptly  at  8  a.m. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  49 

III.  The  following  assignments  on  the  part  of  this  Staff  are 
hereby  announced,  and  officers  so  detailed  will  report  to  the  Marshals 
of  the  several  Divisions,  or  to  the  Committees  having  them  in  charge, 
rendering  such  assistance  as  may  be  in  their  power  in  the  formation 
and  organization  of  the  same,  and  make  due  \erbal  report  to  the 
Chief  Marshal  thirty  minutes  before  the  time  set  for  the  moving  of  the 
procession,  which  will  be  announced  in  future  orders  : 

Col.  Henry  M.  Sprague,  Maj.  \V.  H.  Green,  (apt.  A.  H.  Plaisted, 
Military  Division. 

Maj.  Chas.  H.  Boyd,  Historical  Division. 

Capt.  Geo,  M.  Seiders,  Civic  or  Societies'  Division. 

Aug.  H.  Prince,  Trades'  Division. 

Capt.  H.  H.  Shaw,  Manufacturers'  Division. 

Jabez  True,  Schools'  Division. 

George  H.  McKenney,  Fire  Department  Division. 

William  Senter,  Jr.,  Naval  Di\ision. 

George  L.  Swett,  Railroads'  Division. 

John  P.  Thomas,  Honorary  Staff. 

IV.  Col.  Hollis  B.  Hill,  assisted  by  Edw.  C.  Jordan,  of  this  staff, 
are  hereby  assigned  to  the  care  and  charge  of  invited  guests. 

V.  To  Capt.  Samuel  Thurston,  assisted  by  X.  John  Little  and 
Jere.  S.  Douglass,  is  assigned  the  care  and  charge  of  all  bands  of 
music,  and  they  will  report  to  the  Chief  Marshal  for  instructions. 

VI.  By  report  of  committee,  to  whom  it  was  referred,  the  follow- 
ing uniform  is  adopted  on  llie  part  of  this  staff:  Soft  black  hat,  with 
gold  cord;  dark  blouse  or  sack  coat,  with  brass  buttons;  military 
gauntlet  gloves;  dark  pants  with  enamelled  leather  boot  tops. 

VII.  Officers,  in  addition  to  the  badge  adopted  by  this  staff,  are 
at  liberty  to  wear  all  military  or  other  badges  to  which  they  may  be 
entitled. 

VIII.  Each  officer  is  expected  to  procure  his  own  horse,  but 
equipments  to  be  obtained  of  Capt.  Whitman  Sawyer,  Quartermaster 
General,  it  being  desirable  to  have  all  alike,  and  application  siiould 
be  made  to  him  for  same. 

4 


50  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

IX.  Officers  are  earnestly  enjoined  to  exercise  due  economy  in 
expense  of  uniform  and  horse,  as  no  bill  of  exorbitant  amount  will 
be  approved. 

X.  This  General  Order  is  subject  to  such  changes  and  alterations 
as  the  occasion  may  require,  of  which  due  notice  will  be  given. 

By  command  of 

H.   S.   Mei.cher.  Chief  Mars/ial. 
Oharles   D.   Olauk,  Adj.  General. 

The  Committee  on  Trades'  Procession  held  a  meet- 
ing Tuesday  evening,  June  loth. 

The  Committee  on  Banners  reported  that  they  were 
having  a  large  banner  prepared  for  the  head  of  the 
procession  and  twenty-six  smaller  ones  for  the  heads 
of  the  sub-divisions. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  committee,  held  June  17th,  it 
was  voted  that  the  banners  re])resenting  the  different 
departments  be  carried  l^y  men  mounted. 

The  following  circular  was  issued  by  the  Chief 
Marsha]  of  the  Trades'  Processions: 


(ENFENNIAL  COMMITTEE. 

CoMMri'iEE  ON  Trades  Procession. 

I^ORIT-AND,  Me..  June  iS,  1886. 

Dear  Sir : 

It  has  been  decided  that  tiie  Marshal  and  Aids  of  Trades  Proces- 
sion will  dress  as  follows  :  Dark  kersey  tall  hat,  black  cutaway 
coat,  linen  riding  trousers,  drab  glo\'es,  white  neck-lie.  For  horse, 
plain  English  or  Whitman  saddle,  with  light  bridle. 

G.  M.  Moore,  Marshal. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


51 


The  following  was  the  organization  of  the  staff  of  the 
Trades'  Procession: 


Mars/ml, 
GEORGE    M.    MOORE 

Chief  of  Staff, 
FRED.    D.    ELLIS. 


Ahis, 


AUSTIN     D.    SULIVAN. 
MARTIN    A.    DILLINGHAM. 
ISAAC    C.    ATKINSON. 
PETER    H.    BRADLEY. 
CHARLES    A.    PLUMMER. 
WILLIAM    P.    GOSS. 
ALBERT    L.    MERRY. 
JOSEPH    H.    LAMSON. 


GEORGE    W.    SYLVESTER. 
WILLARD    C.    WARE. 
WILLIAM    H.    STEVENS. 
ALBERT    S.    RINES. 
CHARLES    A.    GUSHING. 
WM.    H.    H.    SAUNDERS. 
THOMAS    P.    R.    CARTLAND. 
THOMAS    H.    m'DONNELL. 


George  M.  Moore. 
Fred  D.  Ellis. 
Henry  P.  S.  Goold. 
Lewis  A.  Goudy. 
Charles  H.  Bain. 
Willard  C.  Ware. 
Mollis  B.  Hill. 
William  H.  Stevens. 
Charles  A.  Plummer. 
Joseph  H.  Lainson. 
James  E.  Fickett. 
Leander  A.  Wade. 
Albert  S.  Rines. 


EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE, 

John  E.  Sawyer. 
Fred  R.  Farrington. 
Charles  A.  Gushing. 
Geo.  F.  Loveitt. 
Albert  N.  Hawes. 
Peter  H.  Bradley. 
Geo.  W.  Sylvester. 


Robert  F.  Soniers. 
Albert  L.  Merry. 
Thomas  \^.  Merrill. 
Charles  P.  Bnbcock. 
Win.   H.    H.    Saunders. 
John  E.  Palmer. 
Geo.  D.  Loring. 


Thos.  H.  McDonnell.    Horace  H.  Shaw. 
Isaac  C.  Atkinson.         William  P.  Goss. 
Martin  A.  Dillingham.  Thos.  P.  R..  Cartland. 
Austin  D.  Sulivan.  (ieo.  L.  Priggs. 

Arthur  S.  Megquier.      Joseph  S.  Dunham. 
Charles  L.  Brackett.      Fred  Dunham. 


52  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

SCHOOL     DIVISION. 

The  following  orders  and  directions  respecting  the 
School  Division  Procession  were  issued  by  the  Superin- 
tendent of   Schools  and  the  Marshal: 

I'nRTLAND   rUlJLIC  SCHOOLS. 
I'o  the  J''ri)icipals : 

The  following  general  directions  drawn  by  the  Marshal  in  charge 
of  the  School  Division  of  the  Centennial  Procession  should  be  care- 
fully o]:)served.  Whatever  pre\ious  preparations,  not  inconsistent 
with  the  daily  school  work,  can  be  made,  and  aid  rendered,  con- 
tributing to  the  order  and  success  of  the  procession  will  meet  with 

approval. 

Respectfully, 

Thomas  Tash,  Supt. 
Superintendent's  Orfice,  June  9,  1886. 

CENKKAL    DIRKCTIONS. 

Marsuai,s. — Sflcct  li'oiii  \(iur  own  school  as  nianv  niaishals  as  \-oii  think  vou 
need,  say  one  to  everv  sixteen.  It  vou  prefer  that  I  shonhi  lurnisli  marshals,  notify 
me  how  manv  von  want  and  what  (Uies  if  von  ha\e  any  choice. 

Marcuinc. — ,\11  niai"(  hiiie,  will  be  done  1)\'  fours.  In  marching  each  l)oy  should 
kee])  in  line  with  the  l)o\'  in  fi'ont  and  at  his  side;  the  distance  lietwecn  the  lines  of 
four  should  be  about  three  feet.  Pupils  had  better  be  arranged  bv  height,  tallest 
on  the  right  of  the  line. 

tianners  and  badges  will  l)e  fuiidshed  on  the  nioi-ning  of  the  parade  at  the  place 
of  meeting  mentioned  below. 

'I'l.Mi-:  .\NMi  I'l.AC)-;  III'  .M  mi;  I'lNi; — I'upils  will  be  at  the  buildings  mentioned  below 
promptlv  at  9  o'clock  on  .Mondav  niorinng,  Juh'  v  '■'^■'^'i.  IMie  room  that  each 
school  will  occupv  in  the  building  will  be  desig.naled  b\'  phu-:;rds,  and  aids  will  lie 
in   attendance. 

.Shailer,   (irammai'   and    i'rimaiv,  at  the  Iligh  school  building. 

North,  "  •'  "  Chestnut  street  school  building. 

C'undierlaiid  .St.  (Iiannnar  '"  liighscliool  building. 

Center  .St.  (  Irannnar  and   I'rimarv,   "  "  " 

JUitler 

West  "  "  "         ('hestuut  street  school  building. 

Peaks  Island     " 

Primary  No.  1,  .in  n  a  u 

"  "     4,  :;,  T),  7,  S  and  (),  "  liigli  school  building. 

I'upils  c'ondng  to  Iliiih  .'^(diool  buildin-'  will  enter  on  ( 'und)eriand  street. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  63 

'  Banner  Bearer. — Each  principal  will  select  one  to  bear  the  banner  and  two  to 
act  as  his  aids,  and  to  march  one  on  each  side  of  him.  The  banner  should  be 
placed  in  the  center  of  the  line. 

One  teacher,  at  least,  from  each  school  should  !je  present  at  the  buildings  above 
mentioned  to  assist  in  the  distribution  of  Ijadges.  .\s  soon  as  the  pupils  are 
formed  in  bne  to  move  into  the  |)rocession,  teachers  will  be  excused. 

A  good  opportunity  will  be  given  all  children  in  line  to  see  the  procession,  as  it 
will  countermarch  during  the  ])arade. 

The  arrangeinent.s  in  regard  to  the  girls  will  be  announced  liereafter. 

.Alhro  E.  L'hksk,  Murs/ia/  in  irharxt. 

HEADQUARTERS  CHIEF  MARSHAL,  SCHOOL  DIVISION. 

[general  order  no.  2.] 

Portland,  June  26th,  1886. 

To  the  Principals: 

Please  note  carefully  the  following  directions  in  regard  to  the 
School  Parade,  July  5,  1886. 

1st.  Be  sure  that  you  have  selected  one  marshal;  also  two  assistant  marshals 
for  each  24  boys — also  if  you  have  any  drummers  in  school,  select  two,  also  one 
banner  bearer  and  two  aids. 

2d.  Pupils  will  meet  at  their  respective  school  buildings  on  that  morning  at 
9  o'clock  to  receive  badges,  &c.  Principals  will  arrange  for  such  teachers,  as  they 
mav  wish,  to  be  present  at  the  same  time  to  distribute  the  badges. 

3d.  An  aid  from  the  headquarters  will  be  in  attendance  to  conduct  each  school 
to  their  ])osition  in  the  line.     This  aid  will  also  bring  the  badges. 

4th.     All  formations  will  be  in  double  ranks  and  in  columns  of  sixes. 

5th.  The  |)osition  of  the  marshal  will  be  on  the  left  of  the  first  section  of  sixes 
when  in  column  and  three  paces  in  front  of  center  when  in  line. 

6th.  The  position  of  the  aids  will  be  on  the  right  of  their  sections  when  in  line, 
and  two  paces  to  the  right  when  in  column. 

7th.  Col.  R.  T.  McLellan  will  act  as  drill  instructor  and  be  obeyed  accordingly. 
The  following  will  be  drill  hours  unless  otherwise  ordered  :  Drummers,  if  any,  will 
have  their  drums  at  the  school  building  on  these  days. 

West  School,  Monday,  11. 15  o'clock  a.  m. 

North  School,  Monday,  2  o'clock  p.  m. 

Shailer  School,  Monday,  3.30  o'clock  P.  M. 

Monument  St.  School,  Monday,  3.30  o'clock  P.  M. 

The  principal  of  this  last  school  will  send  her  pupils  to  the  .Shailer  school 
building  so  that  they  will  be  there  bv  3.30.  unless  ordered  differently. 

Tuesday  afternoon  at  3.30  o'clock  all  pupils,  who  march,  belonging  to  the  follow- 
ing schools,  will  be  at  the  Butler  school  building  :       Ca>co  Street,  .'spring  Street, 


54  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

Park  Street,  Brackett  Street,  Vaughan  Street,  and  will  drill  with  the  Butler  school. 
Other  schools  will  be  notified  in  the  next  order. 

8th.     All  marshals  and  aids  will  re])ort  for  orders  and  directions  at  the    High 
School  building,  Congress  street  entrance,  on  Monday,  June   2Sth,  at  6.30  o'clock 

V.  M. 

9th.     -Ml  other  orders  and  directions  are  hereby  countermanded. 

Alhro  E.  Cha.se,   Chief  Marshal. 


HEADQUARTERS  CHIEF  MARSHAL,  SCHOOL  DIVISION. 

[general  order  no.  3.] 

Portland,  July  i,  1886. 

To  the  Principals : 

Plea.se  note  carefully  the  following  directions  in  regard  to  the 
.school  parade  July  5,  1886  : 

1st.  lie  sure  that  you  have  selected  one  marshal;  also  two  assistant  marshals 
for  each  twentv-four  bovs ;  also  if  you  haye  any  drummers  in  school  select  two, 
also  one  banner  bearer  and  two  aids. 

2(1.  I'ujiils  will  meet  at  their  resi)ective  school  buildings  on  that  morning  at  9 
o'clock  to  receiye  badges,  &c.  Principals  will  arrange  for  such  teachers,  as  they 
may  wish,  to  be  i^resent  at  the  same  time  to  distribute  the  badges. 

3(1.  .\n  aid  from  the  hea(I([uarters  will  be  in  attendance  to  conduct  each  school 
to  their  position  in  the  line.  This  aid  will  also  bring  the  liadges,  unless  they  have 
been  delivered  earlier. 

4th.     .Ml  formations  will  be  in  double  ranks  and  in  columns  of  si.xes. 

5th.  Please  send  innnediatelv  bv  mail  ujion  receipt  of  these  orders  to 
.-Mbro  v..  ('base  the  names  of  the  marshal  and  aids  in  your  school,  in 
order  that  their  names  may  be  ]nd)lished  ;  also  the  number  of  ]Mipils.  It  your 
numbers  ha\e  increased  over  the  number  originally  reported,  badges  cannot  be  had. 

6tli.  .Marshals  must  obey  the  directions  of  the  aid  in  getting  their  company  to 
tile  headtpiartcrs. 

7th.  .\1I  girls  who  are  to  ride  will  re|)ori  at  the  High  .School  liuilding  at  9 
o'clock  on  that  morning. 

Stli.     Order  \o.  7  does  not  apjilv  to  those  under  direction  of  Mr.  John  I,.  Shaw. 

()th.  .'\11  marshals,  aids  and  drunnners  wii'  rep(jrt  for  final  orders  and  directiwns 
at  ihc  iligh  School  liuilding,  ("ongress  .Street  luitrance,  on  Saturday,  Julv  31I,  at 
S.30  o'clock  A.  M.     Marshals  and  aids  will  bring  a  light  cane. 

loth.  ( 'aution  i)upils  about  their  behavior,  es])ecially  when  they  are  in  line  (jn 
Congress  street  and  the  iirocession  moves  by  them. 

nth.     All  previcnis  orders  are  hereby  countermanded. 

Alhro  E.  Cha.sk,   Chief  Marshal. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  55 

CENTENNIAL  SERMONS. 

The  Committee  on  Sunday  Services,  addressed  a 
circular  to  each  of  the  clergymen  of  the  city,  who  held 
a  parochial  charge,  as  follows,  viz.: 

CITY   OF    PORTLAND. 

CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Dear  Sir  : 

It  is  proposed  to  preserve  in  a  permanent  form  an  account  of  the 
Centennial  Celebration,  together  with  an  Historical  Sketch  of  Port- 
land, including,  amongst  other  things,  an  account  of  the  rise  and 
growth  of  the  religious  societies  of  the  city. 

Through  the  Ministerial  Association  we  have  extended  an  invita- 
tion to  the  pastors  of  the  city  to  prepare,  in  the  form  of  an  historical 
discourse,  to  be  delivered  in  their  churches  on  Sunday  morning,  July 
4th,  a  sketch  of  their  several  societies,  and  we  beg  your  co-operation 
in  this  matter,  and  that  you  will  furnish  the  committee  with  a  copy  of 
your  discourse  or  a  report  of  same  for  use  in  making  the  Memorial 
Volume. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Wm.  M.  Marks, 
Ansel  G.  DeweV, 
Geo  C.  Burgess, 
May  20,    1886.  Covimittec  on  Sunday  Sen'iccs. 

And  replies  in  the  following  form  were  received, 
viz.: 

Portland,  May  — ,  18S6. 
Gcntlatien : 

Your  invitation  is  received  and  accepted.  I  will  furnisli  you  with 
a  copy  of  my  discourse  or  a  report  of  the  same  for  use  in  llic  pro- 
posed memorial  volume. 

Very  truly  yours. 


John  T.  Hull,  Clerk  of  Centennial  Committee. 


56  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

On  Sunday,  July  4th,  the  weather  was  very  fine,  and 
the  attendance  at  all  the  churches  in  the  forenoon  was 
large.  A  great  many  of  the  former  residents  of  Port- 
land had  arrived  in  the  city  during  the  few  days 
previous,  and  joined  in  the  crowds  who  were  present  at 
the  various  places  of  worship. 

In  all  the  churches,  at  their  centennial  services,  at  the 
suo-crestion  of  the  late  ]\Irs,  Clara  Barnes  Martin,'  the 
following  hymn  was  sung: 

Tune — Sr.  Martin's. 
I. 

*'  Let  children  hear  the  mighty  deeds 
Which  God  performed  of  old; 
\\'hich  in  our  younger  years  we  saw, 
And  which  our  fathers  told. 

II. 

He  bids  us  make  his  glories  known, 

His  works  of  power  and  grace  ; 
And  we'll  conxey  his  wonders  down, 

Through  e\ery  rising  race. 

III. 

Our  lips  shall  tell  them  to  our  sons. 

And  they  again  to  theirs  : 
That  generations  yet  unborn. 

May  teach  them  to  their  heirs. 

IV. 

Thus  shall  they  learn,  in  God  alone 

Their  hope  securely  stands  ; 
That  they  may  never  forget  his  works, 

But  practice  his' commands." 

'   See  Appendi.x. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEHRATrON.  57 

AbAtractN  of  the  Sermons  Which  were   Delivered. 
FIRST  PARISH   C'HURC  H,  INnWRlAN.' 

BY     THE    PASTOR,    RF-V.    THOMAS    HIl.L,    D.    D. 

I'lovcrbs,  xvii,  6. — Children's  children  are  the  crown  of  old  men:  and  the  i;lorv 
of  the  children  are  the  fathers. 

The  word  glory  in  this  passage,  as  in  many  others  in  the  I5il)le. 
meant  (the  preacher  said),  boasting.  Numerous  and  virtuous  de- 
scendants are  a  crown  to  the  old  man  ;  and  noble  ancestry  is  tlie  boast 
and  pride  of  the  children.  And  the  children  had  a  right  to  a  certain 
amount  of  pride  in  their  ancestry.  Fortiie  ciiild  in  general  inherited 
good  qualities  from  his  fathers.  There  were  notable  exceptions, 
but  the  general  rule  was,  like  father,  like  son  ;  so  that  each  iiad  a 
right  to  be  reasonably  proud  of  the  other.  The  orators  of  the 
historical  anniversaries  were  right  in  eulogizing  the  fathers. 

There  was  no  need  of  entering  into  much  detail  of  tlie  First  Parish 
in  Portland.  So  much  was  already  easily  accessible  in  print  tiiat  it 
hardly  was  worth  while  to  repeat  it.  The  earliest  date  gi\en  l:>y 
William  Willis  relating  to  church  matters  in  Falmouth,  was  a  reproof 
of  the  town  for  not  holding  Sunday  meeting.  This  came  from  a 
court  held  in  York,  1659.  Soon  after  this  Robert  Jordan,  an 
Episcopalian  minister,  was  found  laboring  liere.  and  \vas  faithful  for 
36  years.  The  general  Court  of  Massachusetts,  had.  however,  no 
great  respect  for  men  of  that  kind. — they  ordered  the  town  in  iGtn)  to 
get  a  congregational  minister.  George  Burroughs,  who  was  after- 
wards executed  as  a  witch,  in  the  terrible  delusion  at  Salem,  preached 
here  between  1674  and  1684,^  at  two  different  times,  but  was  (hi\en  of! 
by  the  Indians.  The  town  was  utterly  destroyed  by  them  in  i6()o: 
and  indeed  from  1674  until  1713,  nearly  forty  years,  there  had  been 
no  year  of  settled  peace.  The  peace  of  Utreclu  g.i\e  a  few  of  the 
settlers  courage  to  return  and  seek  their  old  homes.  F\en  then, 
however,  the  General  Court  thought  the  town  not  worth  sa\hig.  and 
actually  destroyed  the  fort,  three  years  after  tlie  peace,  \i/..  in    17  i(). 

'  Note  bv  Editor — The  order  in  which  these  sermon-;  are  printed  is  in  .urm  u.inci.- 
with  the  age  in  this  citv  of  the  denomination  represented. 

-  Note  by  Editor — A  docanient  in  tlie  Mass.  .\rchives  shows  tiuii  Ik  w.i--  luie  np 
to  16S9. 


58  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Two  years  later,  however,  in  1718,  thirteen  families  had  settled  here, 
in  spite  of  the  loss  of  the  fort.  The  Gener.d  Court  sent  a  committee 
to  examine,  they  reported,  and  on  the  i6th  of  July  Falmouth  on  the 
neck  was  incorporated.  The  next  sp'ring  March  loth,  1719,  the  town 
orj2;anization  was  effected,  and  the  real  history  of  the  Phctnix  city 
began.  The  inhabitants  at  once  endeavored  to  procure  an  educated 
minister,  and  to  build  a  meeting-house.  In  a  very  few  years  both 
ends  were  accomplished,  and  the  clergyman,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Smith, 
remained  here  preacher  and  pastor  about  seventy  years.  In  1734, 
Cape  Klizaheth  was  set  off  as  a  second  parish  ;  and  in  1740,  indixiduals 
on  this  side  the  river  had  built  for  the  old  First  Parish  a  meeting-house 
out  in  the  pastures,  nearly  half  a  mile  west  of  the  village.  The 
parish  accepted  the  house  with  reluctance ;  it  was  too  far  away. 
l)Ut  it  was  well  built ;  it  stood  eighty-tive  years,  and  became  the 
center  and  pride  of  the  enlarged  town.  Dr.  Hill  thought  the  fore- 
sight, energ\  and  liberality  of  these  builders  of  the  "Old  Jerusalem  '' 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  things  in  the  history  of  the  parish,  and 
regretted  that  their  names  had  not  been  handed  down,  to  be  the  glory 
of  their  children. 

The  rapidit}'  of  the  early  growth  of  the  town  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  in  about  a  dozen  \ears  this  new  house  began  to  be  too  small, 
and  when  it  was  twenty  years  old  was  greatly  enlarged  In  this 
rapid  growth  of  the  parish  by  immigration  there  was  evil  as  well  as 
good;  the  new  luembers  were  for  making  great  and  sudden  changes; 
some  did  not  like  tlie  old  parson,  and  some  wanted  the  Church  of 
England  liturgx'.  New  Casco  on  the  northeast,  and  on  the  west 
vStroudwater  were  set  off,  as  a  tliird  and  fourth  parish  ;  and  St.  Paul's 
E])iscopal  (  hurch  was  l)uilt  on  Middle  street.  In  1764,  Mr.  Dean 
was  settled  as  colleague  of  Mr.  Smith;  ten  years  later  there  were 
twenty-three  persons  exempted  from  parish  taxation  as  being 
Quakers. 

Then  began  the  se\ere  struggles  of  the  Rexolulionary  ^^'ar.  The 
town  was  Innnt  by  Mowalt.  October,  1775,  and  Dr.  Dean  remo\ed  to 
Ciorham.  I!oth  he  ;ind  Mr.  Smith  relincpiished  their  salaries  for  one 
or  n)ore  \ears,  ;uk1  acce|")ted  h.df  their  stipulated  salaries  for  a 
numl)er  of  years.  i)uring  this  decade  of  pecuniary  trouble,  other 
difficulties  also  arose.  The  parish  petitioned,  17S6,  to  have  the  neck 
set  off    as  a  new  town  ;   and  it  was  the  success  of    that  petition  which 


CENTENNIAL     CELKURATION.  59 

furnished  the  basis  of  the  present  celebration.  There  was,  however, 
an  inherent  troul)Ie  in  the  parish  itself.  Not  only  the  Quakers  and 
the  Episcopalians  were  unwillin*;  to  be  taxed  to  support  the 
Congregational  minister,  but  there  were  Congregationalists  who  were 
dissatisfied  with  him,  and  the  parish  was  forced  at  length  to  consent 
to  the  formation  of  a  second  Congregational  society.  From  that 
time,  1788,  the  parish  seemed  to  have  been  united  and  prosperous 
under  their  old  pastors.  The  new  society  was  required  by  its  act  of 
incorporation  to  pay  one-fourth  of  Rev.  Mr.  Smith's  salary  while  he 
lived  (which  proved  to  be  about  seven  years:)  while  the  First 
Parish  paid  three-quarters  and  supported  Dr.  Deane. 

It  was  a  little  out  of  the  line  of  grave  history,  but  there  were  some 
votes  on  the  tritiing  matters,  which  threw  light  on  the  state  of  society 
and  of  manners  ;  for  thirteen  years  it  was  the  custom  to  take  up  a 
contribution  every  Sunday,  and  to  divide  the  proceeds  between  the 
two  ministers.  When  this  was  given  up  Dr.  Deane  had  been  asked 
how  much  it  was  worth  to  him  ;  he  had  replied  sixteen  or  seventeen 
dollars  a  year,  and  a  grant  of  $16.67  ^^'-^^  annually  made  to  him  during 
the  rest  of  his  life.  In  1802  it  was  voted  to  s'et  out  eight  Lombardy 
poplars  on  Congress  street,  that  tree  having  at  that  time  a  wonderful 
popularitv  in  both  North  and  South  America,  in  1803  the  parish 
refused  even  to  consider  the  question  of  warming  the  house  in  the 
winter,  and  it  was  not  until  18 12  that  they  consented  so  to  do.  in 
1803  one  space  was  set  apart  for  negro  men,  and  anotiier  for  "'negro 
women  and  strangers."  In  1801  Tate  and  Hradv's  In  inn  book  was 
displaced  by  Belknap's,  and  great  and  successful  efforts  were  made 
to  improve  the  music. 

In  1805.  Dr.  Deane.  having  been  preaching  for  over  forty  \ears, 
began  to  show  signs  of  failing  power,  and  after  three  or  four  \ears 
of  alternate  sickness  and  health  consented  to  accept  a  colleague. 
.Mr.  Ichabod  Nichols  was  ordained  June  7th.  1809.  and  the  parish 
seemed  to  have  been  united  and  prosperous,  for  they  gave  the  voung 
preacher,  from  the  very  beginning,  three  times  the  salary  which  they 
had  been  giving  his  predecessor.  The  embargo  and  war  of  1S12  soon 
followed,  and  somewhat  embarrassed  the  parish  linaiues.  l)ut  to 
nothing  like  the  extent  of  the  Revolution. 

Dr.  Nichols  was  much  farther  from  Calvi  lism  than  Dr.  heaue  h.ul 
been,    and    in    1819,   ten    \ears    after    nis    ordination,    had    gone    to 


60  CENTENNIAL     CELKF-RATION. 

Baltimore  with  Mr.  Joseph  Harbour  to  tlie  ordination  of  Jared  Sparks. 
This  was  the  famous  ordination  at  which  Dr.  Channini;  first  formidated 
Unitarianisni,  setting  out  its  five  points,  as  it  were,  in  contrast  to  the 
live  points  of  Calvinism.  Dr.  Nicliols  had  been  in  such  complete 
sympathy  with  Dr.  Channing  that  he  had  I)een  consulted  in  reference 
to  thai  \ery  sermon. 

Dr.  Nichols  continued  the  sole  pastor  until  January,  1855,  wl.en 
Mr.  Horatio  Stebbins  was  installed  pastor,  and  lemained  here  nine 
years,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to  San  Francisco,  and  by  his  remo\al 
thither  in  April.  1864  —  where  he  is  still  holdinj^  an  honored  position 
— had  created  the  iirst  break  or  \acancy  in  the  pastorial  office. 
This  lasted  three  years  and  a  half,  and  was  tilled  l:)y  the  Rev. 
Benjamin  H.  liailey.  He  was  installed  in  December.  1867,  and 
resigaied  his  position  in  the  autumn  of  1872.  In  March,  1873,  Rev. 
Thomas  Hill  was  called,  installed  in  May,  1873,  and  still  retains 
the  office. 

It  was  wonderful  to  see  how  peaceful  the  parish  records  appear 
during  the  last  ninet\ -eight  years,  since  the  formation  of  the  second 
Congregational  church.  There  had  been  great  e\ents  in  the 
political  world,  and  fearful  commercial  and  financial  disasters, — the 
war  of  1812,  the  rexulsion  of  1837,  the  great  ci\'il  war,  the  great  fire, 
the  destruction  of  the  old  house  of  1740.  and  the  building  of  this  solid 
granite  house, — l)ut  the  parish  records  showed  no  serious  shaking  of 
the  foundations,  such  as  appear  in  the  earlier  times.  The  church  h.id 
been  organized  one  hundred  and  lift\-nine  years ;  the  parish  had 
been  the  First  Parish  one  hundred  and  fifty-two  years.  Oreat  changes 
had  taken  place  withiri  the  parish  which  it  would  be  interesting  and 
profitable  to  study  were  there  time  to  do  so.  The  parish  was  at 
first  tei  ritt)rial,  taxing  all  polls  and  estates  within  its  limits,  and 
backed  b\-  the  whole  power  of  Great  Britain  to  collect  its  taxes. 
Then  it  abdicated,  by  permission  of  the  General  Court,  its  right  to  tax 
certain  [)olls  and  estates,  first  of  Episcopalians  and  Quakers,  then  of 
seceding  Congregationalists.  Next,  by  similar  permission,  it  gave  up 
the  right  to  tax  polls  and  estates,  ha\ing  pre\iousl\-  obtained  power 
to  tax  i^ews.  All  this  wiiile  the  call  for  the  meetings  was  addressed 
to  the  free  holders  and  other  inhabitants.  Finally  the  parish  became, 
so  far  its  legal  and  corporate  power  is  concerned,  the  owner  of  the 
pews. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  61 

Similar  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  church.  At  the  ver)- 
beginning,  in  1727,  this  church  had  taken  a  step  not  quite  in  accordance 
with  the  strictest  standards.  According  to  the  straightest  views, 
the  candidate  for  admission  to  a  Congregational  church  should  he 
carefully  examined  in  relation  to  his  theological  views,  and  in  relation 
to  his  evidence  that  the  grace  of  God  had  selected  him  and  sealed 
him  as  one  of  the  elect.  But  in  July,  1727,  this  church  stated  that 
such  examination  should  be  dispensed  with,  unless  peculiar  occasions 
seemed  to  require  it.  The  cinirch  was  in  the  eighteenth  century  the 
more  important  organization  ;  the  parish  was  auxiliary  to  it.  The 
church  selected  and  called  the  minister;  the  parish  concurred.  Hut  in 
the  nineteenth  century  this  was  first  reversed ;  the  parish  selected  and 
called  the  minister,  and  the  church  concurred ;  and  then  afterward  the 
voice  of  the  church  was  neglected  altogether.  This  change  arose 
partly  from  a  natural  revulsion  from  the  artificial  idea  of  the  church, 
held  by  the  fathers,  and  a  return  to  the  New  Testament  idea  of  the 
church,  as  the  congregation  of  the  faithful.  But  great  practical  evils 
had  occasionally  arisen  from  it,  because  the  idea  of  the  parish  had 
also  changed  ;  it  no  longer  included  the  congregation.  In  one  church  in 
Massachusetts  a  few  men  had  quietly  bought  up  pews  enough  to  dismiss 
a  pastor,  who  was  acceptable  to,  and  beloved  by,  a  majority  of  those 
who  hired  sittings  in  the  house,  and  nearly  all  the  church.  In  another, 
during  a  vacancy,  a  plan  was  discovered,  just  in  time  to  defeat  it,  of 
secretly  buying  pews  enough  to  settle  a  minister  who  would  have 
been  exceedingly  offensive  to  a  majority  of  the  old  owners,  and 
old  congregation. 

These  great  changes  in  the  nature  of  the  church  and  parish  were 
accompanied  by  other  changes  in  tiieology,  religion  and  morals. 
They  were  not  altogether  under  the  control  of  man.  They  doubtless 
contributed,  on  the  whole,  under  Divine  Providence,  to  the  furtiierance 
of  the  kingdom  of  God.  But  these  beneficent  changes  were  destruc- 
tive to  the  indolent  and  unbelieving.  Inaction,  and  the  choice  of 
innutritious  food,  might  lead  to  ill  health,  torpor  and  deatli,  e\en  in  a 
land  of  plenty,  and  of  healthful  climate.  The  parish  antl  the  church 
might  swing  about  and  change  with  the  ciianging  times,  but  could 
not  flourish,  except  by  clinging  to  the  essential  truths  and  essential 
modes  of  action  belon<rin«'  to  a  Christain  church. 


62  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

PREl'.LE    CHAPEL,  UNITARIAN. 

]!Y    THE    REV.    WILLIAM    T.    I'HELAN. 

It  will  be  thirty-nine  years  October  next,  since  the  inception  of  the 
movement  that  resulted  in  the  formation  of  this  ministry  of  benoxelence 
which  to-day  has  its  center  at  Preble  C'hapel. 

In  1847,  '^'^  '^'"'^  suggestion  and  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Nicliols, 
steps  were  taken  for  the  establishment  and  support  in  this  city  of  a 
ministry  at  large  by  the  two  Unitarian  societies.  His  efforts  were 
earnestly  Supported  by  the  ladies  of  the  Channing  Circle,  and  by  the 
benevolent  gentlemen  in  his  own  and  Park  St.  societies.  And  in  April, 
1849,  they  were  prepared  to  employ  a  missionary  and  invited  Rev. 
W.  H.  Hadley,  who  accepted  the  office,  and  at  once  entered  upon  his 
work. 

In  April  he  opened  a  Sundav-school  in  the  ward  room  of  the  Ex- 
change building,  and  within  six  months  the  school  attained  an  average 
of  one  hundred  and  tifty  scholars  each  Sunday.  Mr.  Hadley  also 
opened  an  evening  sciiool  in  the  same  place  in  the  fall  of  1S49,  which 
was  largely  attended,  which  was  continued  for  sexeral  seasons,  and 
was  probabh  the  first  of  the  kind  in  the  city.  These  schools  were 
both  subsequently  transferred  to  the  ward  room  of  Old  City  Hall. 

In  August,  1S50  an  act  of  incorporation  was  secured  from  the 
Legislature  of  Maine,  l^y  this  charter  the  property  and  management 
of  this  institution  was  vested  in  a  board  of  seven  trustees,  under  the 
name  of  the  Portland  Ministry  at  Large.  The  first  board  of  trustees 
were  Dr.  Nichols,  Rufus  P.  Cutler,  Thomas  Chadwick,  William  Willis, 
Nathaniel  F.  Deering,  Jedediah  Jewett  and  Martin  Gore.  Tiie 
trustees  at  once  saw  the  necessity  of  better  accommodations  for  this 
ministry  than  a  ward-room,  and  undertook  the  task  of  jiroxiding  for 
it  a  permanent  resting  place,  and  one  month  after  the  act  of  incorpora- 
tion, Madam  Prei^le,  whose  generous  heart  always  beat  responsi\e 
to  the  calls  of  benovelence.  executed  a  deed  Septemlier,  1850.  of  a 
lot  on  the  corner  of  Preble  and  Cumberland  streets,  contaning  6,000 
square  feet.  In  the  spring  of  1851  the  trustees  began  the  erection 
of  a  chapel  upon  this  lot,  which  was  completed  under  the  supervision 
of  James  Kirby  and  dedicated  October  29,  1851,  under  the  name  of 
Preble  Chapel,  in  honor  of  its  most  liberal  benefactor.  It  was 
dedicated  free  from  debt  and  was  a  tine  monument  of  the  enerirv  and 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  G3 

zeal  of   the  trustees  of   the  Christian    benovelence  of  the  friends  of 
this  ministry. 

The  aim  of  this  institution,  as  stated  by  those  who  hiid  its 
foundations,  was  to  advance  the  cause  of  religion,  charity  and  good 
morals. 

And  to  this  end,  religious  worship,  Sunday-sciiool  instruction  and 
material  aid  to  the  poor  and  unfortunate,  have  always  gone  hand  in 
hand  in  this  ministry.  From  the  very  first,  the  Sunday-school  has 
been  the  most  prominent  and  important  feature  of  the  mission.  It  is 
rather  a  remarkable  fact,  that  since  this  Sunday-school  found  a  per- 
manent home  in  Preble  Chapel,  thirty-five  yeais  ago,  its  numbers  from 
year  to  year  have  varied  scarcely  more  than  ten — ranging  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty.  It  has  been  very  fortunate  in  the  fine  class 
of  people  who  have  volunteered  in  its  service. 

Mr.  James  H.  Baker  was  the  first  superintendent,  and  Miss  Jane 
McLellan  the  first  librarian.  In  the  list  of  early  teachers,  I 
find  such  names  as  C.  H.  Boyd.  G.  H.  Chadwick,  E.  H.  Daveis, 
E.  D.  Boyd,  G.  A.  Mason,  N.  Gilnian  Nichols,  F.  Seymour  Niciiols, 
Mrs.  Gilman,  Mrs.  Pierce,  Misses  Newhall,  Fitch,  Willis,  Baker, 
Titcomb,  Preble,  Deering,  Fox,  Ware,  Nichols,  etc. 

In  1855,  A.  E.  Stevens,  who  had  served  tiie  school  for  four  years, 
as  teacher,  was  elected  superintendent  and  held  tiie  otfice  for  seven- 
teen years.  S.  T.  Pullen  was  elected  superintendent  in  September, 
1875,  and  still  holds  the  otfice. 

During  the  thirty-nine  years  of  its  existence,  tiie  Ministr\  at  Large 
has  had  three  ministers  in  its  service.  Rev.  W.  H.  lladley,  the  first, 
after  seven  years  faithful,  energetic  service,  resigned,  and  at  tiie 
breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  became  an  army  ciiaplain  and  dieii 
since  tiie  war  in  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital. 

In  June,  1857,  Rev.  O.  P.  Tuckerman  entered  the  service  of  this 
ministry  and  continued  his  faitiiful  service  for  eleven  and  one-lialt 
years,  until  his  death. 

In  January,  1869,  VV.  T.  Phelan  entered  the  service  of  liie  Ministry 
at  Large,  and  still  retains  the  pastoral  office. 

The  present  board  of  trustees  is  Dr.  Hill,  C.  E.  Jose,  1.  P. 
Farrington,  M.  P.  Emery,  Samuel  Roife,  and  Rufus  Cuslinian.  under 
whose  efficient  supervision  tiie  financial  atlairs  of  tliis  instilulion  are 
promptly  and  ably  managed.     Tiie  ladies  of    liie    Unitarian   C'ircle, 


64  CENTENNIAT,    CELEBRATION. 

the  worthy  successors  of  the  Channing  Circle,  have  the  present 
direction  and  management  of  the  benevolent  work  and  raise  the 
funds  necessary  for  carrying  on  the  same.  The  lii)rary,  which  has  a 
small  fund,  is  at  present  under  the  management  of  Mrs.  Farrington, 
assisted  by  Mrs.  Whipple  and  Paul  Stevens.  A  sewing-school  is 
also  maintained  through  the  fall  and  winter  at  the  chapel.  The 
implications  of  these  bold  facts  are  that  Preble  Chapel,  by  its  many- 
sided,  practical,  Christian  service,  has  earned  its  right  to  existence, 
and  is  a  perpetual  witness  to  the  fact  that  the  good  which  men  do 
lives  after  them;  and  a  good  institution,  that  continues  good  and 
serviceable  ought  to  have  perpetual  lease  of  life. 


S.  LUKE'S    PARISH,  EPISCOPAL. 

BY    C.    MORTON    SILLS,  M.  A. 

The  history  of  S.  Luke's  Parish  is  but  a  short  one,  covering  as  it 
does  a  period  of  little  more  than  thirty  years,  but  in  order  to  record 
it  fully  a  brief  reference  may  well  be  made  to  the  origin  of  the 
Church  in  Maine,  whence  it  sprang. 

Though,  no  doubt,  the  prospects  of  material  aggrandizement  were 
the  chief  incenti\es  to  the  early  voyages  of  settlement  on  these 
coasts,  the  uncertainty  and  danger  of  the  expeditions  caused  those 
who  took  part  in  them  to  resign  themselves  more  fully  to  the 
keeping  of  the  Almighty  God  of  Heaven,  and  gave  a  certain 
religious  tone  to  their  undertakings.  In  addition  to  this  natural 
religious  feeling,  the  royal  patents  granted  to  the  discoxerers  and 
settlers  of  these  lands  l)ore  reference  to  the  establishment  of  the 
Church  of  England.  Several  of  the  early  expeditions  seem,  there- 
fore, to  have  been  accompanied  by  chaplaiiis  of  the  English  Church, 
and  by  them  the  first  Christian  services  in  Maine  were  said  according 
to  the  ritual  of  the  Church  of  England.  So  that  the  Episcopal 
Church  in  this  part  of  the  country  dates  back  to  the  \ery  earliest 
settlements.  According  to  the  carefully  preser\ed  records,  the  tirst 
service  was  held  by  Re\-.  Richard  Seymour,  chaplain  of  the  Popham 
Colony  in  1607.  Mr.  Seymouf  was  succeeded  l)y  the  Rev.  William 
Morrell,  who  was  sent  over  from  England  to  superintend  the  religious 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  65 

interests  of  the  new  colony.  After  him  came  the  Rev.  Richard 
Gibson,  a  graduate  of  Cambridge,  and  the  first  permanent  pioneer  of 
the  Church  in  these  parts.  Mr.  Gibson  took  charge  of  the  Church 
in  Saco  in  the  year  1636,  and  ministered  to  the  various  companies  of 
settlers  from  Falmouth  to  Portsmouth.  At  this  time  churches  or 
chapels  were  built  at  Richmond's  Island,  Saco  and  Portsmouth. 
Following  him  in  1640  came  Rev.  Robert  Jordan,  who  for  thirty-six 
years  officiated  in  the  same  capacity  as  missionary  along  the  coast. 
He,  like  Mr.  Gibson,  was  a  faithful  upholder  of  the  ways  of  the 
Church,  and  for  their  maintenance  of  the  principles  of  the  Church 
and  for  their  performance  of  the  rites  of  the  Church  they  were  called 
upon  to  suffer  great  persecutions,  being  actually  condemned  to  prison 
for  baptizing  children  and  for  performing  the  ceremony  of  holy 
matrimony  according  to  the  order  of  the  English  Church.  The 
records  tell  us  that  a  complaint  was  made  by  the  friends  of  Mr. 
Jordan  "that  the  General  Court  did  imprison  and  barbarously  use 
Mr.  Jordan  for  baptizing  children."  (The  font  which  was  used  by 
Mr.  Jordan  is  still  in  existence,  and  is  preserved  in  the  cabinet  of  the 
Maine  Historical  Society  at  Portland.) 

For  eighty  years  after  Mr.  Jordan's  ministry,  the  services  of  the 
Church  were  suspended,  owing  partly  to  the  opposition  of  the  Puritan 
rulers  of  Massachusetts,  and  partly  to  the  continual  Indian  wars  by 
which  the  town  was  at  last  almost  destroyed.  In  1756  and  1760,  we 
read  of  missionaries  of  the  English  Society  for  Propagating  the 
Gospel  sent  out,  and  of  their  work  in  different  parts  of  Maine.  In 
1764  the  number  of  Episcopalians  and  of  others  who  were  dissatisfied 
with  the  ministration  in  the  First  Parish  in  Portland  was  sufficient  to 
justify  them  in  organizing  a  parish,  to  be  called  S.  Paul's  Church, 
and  in  inviting  the  Rev.  John  Wiswall,.  a  Congregational  minister 
who  had  lately  declared  in  favor  of  the  Church  of  England,  to 
become  their  minister. 

The  records  of  the  meeting  when  the  permanent  foundations  of  the 
Church  in  this  city  were  laid  are  full  of  interest.  The  names  of  the 
forty-one  subscribers  to  the  church  building,  which  it  was  proposed 
to  erect,  include  some  of  those  who  are  well  known  in  Portland 
to-day,  and  whose  wealth  and  social  influence  at  that  lime  also  must 
have  augured  success  for  the  new  undertaking.  The  subscription 
paper,  dated  Falmouth,  July  23,  1764,  shows  subscriptions  of  over 
5 


66  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

;i^5oo,  "for  the  building  of  a  house  wherein  the  worship 
should  be  carried  on  agreeable  to  the  laws  of  Great  Britain."  On 
September  4th  in  the  same  year,  the  parish  of  S.  Paul's  was  duly 
organized,  and  the  wardens,  James  Hope  and  George  Tate,  laid  the 
corner-stone  of  the  little  church,  which  was  built  at  the  west  corner  of 
Middle  and  Church  streets,  and  was  fifty-three  feet  long  by  twenty- 
nine  wide,  had  three  isles  and  as  many  doors,  and  sixty  pews. 
There  being  no  bishop  in  America  at  that  time,  Mr.  Wiswall  went  to 
England  for  ordination,  and  while  there  made  favorable  arrangements 
with  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  for  an  annual  grant  of 
money  and  books  to  the  new  parish. 

At  first,  owing  to  the  then  existing  laws,  the  parishioners  found 
themselves  obliged  to  pay  for  the  support  of  the  worship  in  the  old 
First  Parish,  so  that  their  pecuniary  burdens  were  by  no  means  light. 

The  church  was  opened  June  6th,  1765,  and  the  first  year's  report 
speaks  of  seventy  families,  of  the  baptism  of  one  adult  and  twenty- 
seven  infants,  of  whom  two  were  blacks,  slaves,  and  of  twenty-one 
admitted  to  the  Holy  Communion. 

Mr.  Wiswall  seems  to  have  been  in  charge  of  the  parish  for  nearly 
ten  years,  till  the  time  of  the  rupture  with  the  mother  country,  when, 
from  on  board  the  British  man-of-war,  commanded  by  Capt.  Mowatt, 
where  as  a  staunch  loyalist  he  had  taken  refuge,  he  resigned  his 
charge.  Services  were  after  this  held  by  Edward  Oxnard,  a  layman, 
and  by  Rev.  Mr.  Bailey,  of  S.  John's  church,  Pownalborough 
(now  Dresden). 

The  eight  years  of  the  war  hushed  the  voice  of  the  Church  in 
Palmouth,  but  in  1783  the  parish  of  S.  Paul's  reorganized  and  in 
1787  a  new  church  was  built  and  opened  for  worship,  the  first  sermon 
being  preached  therein  by  Rev.  Nathaniel  Fisher,  of  Salem.  From 
this  date  to  1803,  the  Church  for  various  reasons  becoming 
impoverished,  services  were  maintained  with  more  or  less  regularity 
by  different  clergymen  and  lay  readers.  Rev.  Joseph  Warren  being 
rector  for  three  years,  from  1796  to  1799,  and  the  Rev.  James  Bowers, 
of  S.  Ann's,  Pittston,  performing  occasional  duty  to  the  year  1803. 
In  this  year,  Mr.  Timothy  Hilliard,  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  was 
appointed  rector,  and  worked  so  successfully  that  the  parish  soon 
found  the  little  wooden  church  too  cramped  for  it,  and  decided  to 
erect   a   more    suitable    building   of   brick.     Church    and  land   cost 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  G7 

$14,000.  The  old  building  was  bought  by  Mr.  Enoch  Ilsley,  who 
presented  it  to  the  Methodists.  The  new  church  is  fully  described  by 
Mr.  Goold  (Portland  in  the  Past).  The  plainness  of  the  exterior  was 
compensated  for,  we  are  told,  by  the  beauty  of  the  interior,  which 
was  richly  ornamented  with  wood  carving.  The  latter  years  of  Mr. 
Hilliard's  ministry  were  marked  by  little  of  that  success  which  had 
been  promised  by  his  earlier  efforts.  A  sad  melancholy  possessed 
him,  under  the  influence  of  which  his  interest  in  the  Church  ceased, 
and  the  Church  itself  declined. 

After  Mr.  Hilliard's  resignation  in  1808,  the  church  was  virtually 
abandoned,  being  only  occasionally  ministered  in  by  visiting  clergy- 
men. The  acquisition  to  the  parish  of  one  or  two  staunch  Church- 
men, notably  Simon  Greenleaf,  aroused  it  to  new  life,  and  in  18 19, 
the  Rev.  Petrus  S.  TenBroeck  was  instituted  rector  of  S.  Paul's, 
being  the  first  clergyman  regularly  instituted  in  that  office. 

Mr.  TenBroeck's  connection  with  the  parish  was  dissolved  in  1831, 
after  a  successful  rectorship  of  eleven  years.  His  successors  were  Rev. 
Dr.  Chapman,  Rev.  Alexander  H.  Vinton,  Rev.  Thomas  M.  Clark, 
now  bishop  of  Rhode  Island,  and  Rev.  John  W.  French,  the  last  of 
■whom  remained  in  the  rectorship  for  three  years,  when  the  parish, 
becoming  inextricably  involved  in  pecuniary  difficulties,  sought 
relief  from  its  liabilities,  in  the  dissolution  of  its  former  organization 
and  in  the  reorganization  under  the  new  name  of  S.  Stephen's  parish. 
Though  scarcely  a  plan  to  be  frequently  adopted,  this  arrangement 
seems  to  have  met  with  success.  In  1839,  S.  Stephen's  parish  was 
incorporated  and  received  a  conveyance  of  all  the  property  of  old 
S.  Paul's,  minus,  we  suppose,  a  considerable  portion  of  its  old  debts. 
The  new  parish  elected  as  its  rector  the  Rev.  James  Pratt,  who,  on 
Jan.  15th,  1840,  was  instituted  rector,  and  who  after  a  long  rectorship 
of  eighteen  years,  during  which  the  parish  had  been  abundantly 
successful,  resigned  to  take  charge  of  a  church  in  Philadelphia. 

We  have  to  think  of  the  effect  of  the  revolution  and  of  the 
prejudice  and  persecution  and  opposition  from  which  the  Episcopal 
Church  suffered  at  the  hands  of  Puritan  settlers  of  Massachusetts 
before  we  can  realize  the  cause  for  the  slow  growth  of  the  Church  in 
Portland,  and  for  the  fact  that  for  nearly  a  century  there  was  but  one 
Episcopal  Church  in  a  town,  the  early  religious  associations  of  whose 
first  settlers  were  connected  with  the  Church  of  England.      It  was 


68  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

not  till  185 1,  but  thirty-five  years  ago,  that  the  first  movement  was 
made  towards  the  organization  of  a  second  parish  of  our  communion 
in  Portland.  On  the  19th  of  April  of  that  year  thirteen  gentlemen, 
five  of  whom  now  survive,  met  at  Rechabite  Hall,  where  the  city 
building  now  stands,  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  parish  for  religious 
worship  according  to  the  doctrines,  usages  and  canons  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the 
Diocese  of  Maine. 

The  names  of  these  gentlemen  were  as  follows:  James  T.  McCobb, 
Henry  W.  Hersey,  John  Merrill,  Reuben  Ordway,  Josiah  S.  Little, 
Edward  P.  Gerrish,  Charles  B,  Merrill,  Edward  E.  Upham,  John  T. 
Smith,  Ezra  C.  Andrews,  N.  Putnam  Richardson,  Frederick  Davis, 
J.  Ambrose  Merrill. 

At  this  meeting,  after  prayer  by  Rev.  J.  Pratt,  rector  of  S. 
Stephen's,  the  parish  of  S.  Luke's  was  organized,  with  John  Merrill 
and  N.  Putnam  Richardson  as  wardens,  with  Henry  W.  Hersey 
clerk,  and  Edward  E.  Upham,  James  T.  McCobb  and  Josiah  S. 
Little  as  vestrymen  and  assessors,  and  Reuben  Ordway  as  treasurer. 
The  wardens  and  vestry  were  authorized  to  hire  Union  Hall  for  one 
year,  and  to  furnish  the  same  for  the  use  of  the  parish  for  public 
worship. 

They  were  also  instructed  to  request  Bishop  Southgate,  who  had 
been  missionary  bishop  to  Constantinople,  to  officiate  as  rector  for 
the  time  being;  a  position  which  the  Bishop  accepted  and  held  for  a 
year,  till  IVIay  i,  1852. 

In  May,  1854,  the  lot  where  S.  Stephen's  church  now  stands  was 
purchased.  During  the  vacancy  of  the  rectorship,  after  Bishop 
Southgate's  resignation.  Rev.  D.  R.  Goodwin  officiated  from  May  i, 
1852,  to  May  loth,  1853,  when  the  Rev.  Benj.  H.  Paddock,  now 
Bishop  of  Massachusetts,  having  been  elected  rector,  entered  upon 
his  duties.  Mr.  Paddock,  through  ill  health,  was  soon  forced  to 
resign,  and  it  was  not  until  the  following  year  that  his  successor. 
Rev.  Alex.  Burgess,  was  elected.  The  corner-stone  of  the  church 
was  laid  by  Bishop  Burgess,  on  Monday,  August  7th,  1854,  and  on 
Monday,  July  loth,  1855,  the  building  was  consecrated. 

In  1866,  Portland  suffered  from  the  great  fire,  and  S.  Stephen's 
church  was  burned  to  the  ground.  The  loss  of  property  was 
immense,     and     although     S.    Luke's     itself     was     uninjured,     its 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  69 

parishioners,  in  many  cases,  were  deprived  of  their  business  and  of 
much  of  their  property,  and  the  reports  consequently  show  a  reduced 
state  of  the  parish. 

On  the  27th  of  Dec,  1866,  the  Rev.  Alex.  Burgess  resigned  his 
charge,  after  a  faithful  and  successful  rectorship  of  twelve  years. 

At  the  convention  held  at  Gardiner,  October  31st,  the  vacancy 
in  the  Bishopric,  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Bishop  Burgess,  was 
filled  by  the  election  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Adams  Neely,  d.  d., 
assistant  minister  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  in  charge  of 
Trinity  Chapel,  who  was  consecrated  to  the  Episcopal  office  on  the 
feast  of  Conversion  of  S.  Paul,  January  25th,  1867,  and  entered  upon 
his  duties  as  rector  of  S.  Luke's  parish,  on  May  ist  of  that  year. 
The  parish  had  meantime  been  supplied  by  Rev.  Asa  Dalton,  the 
rector  of  S.  Stephen's,  and  by  Rev.  Flavel  S.  Mines,  Deacon,  and 
Rev.  C.  W.  Hayes,  both  of  whom  had  been  sent  on  by  the  Bishop  to 
assist  him  in  his  work. 

The  name  of  the  last  mentioned  priest  is  intimately  connected  with 
the  parish  and  diocese  for  the  next  fourteen  years,  and  it  is  due  to 
the  systematic  and  painstaking  methods  of  all  his  labors  that  the 
clerical  work  of  the  parish  and  diocese  was  brought  into  such  shape 
as  to  be  readily  and  easily  carried  on  by  his  successor. 

It  was  in  1867,  Messrs.  George  E.  B.  Jackson  and  Charles  B.  Merrill 
being  the  wardens,  that  S.  Luke's  parish,  having  undertaken  the 
building  of  a  Cathedral  Church,  effected  the  sale  of  its  former 
church  to  S.  Stephen's  parish  for  $17,000,  and  having  purchased  the 
"Robinson  lot"  as  it  was  called,  on  State  street,  the  corner-stone  of 
the  new  building  was  laid  on  August  15th,  1867,  by  the  Bishop  of  the 
diocese,  in  the  presence  of  a  numerous  body  of  clergy  and  laity ;  the 
musical  portion  of  the  service  being  rendered  by  members  of  the 
choir  of  Trinity  Chapel,  New  York,  under  the  leadership  of  their 
organist.  Dr.  Walter.  The  proposed  cost  of  the  Cathedral  was 
eighty  thousand  dollars,  an  amount  that  was  eventually  exceeded 
by  some  thirty  thousand  dollars  before  the  building  was  ready  for 
consecration. 

During  the  interval  between  the  selling  of  the  old  church,  which 
soon  became  the  Bishop  Burgess'  Memorial  Church,  and  the  opening 
of  the  Cathedral,  the  congregation  of  S.  Luke's  worshiped  first  of  all 


70  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

in  S.  Stephen's  Church,  and  then  in  a  chapel  offered  with  great 
kindness  and  courtesy  by  the  State  Street  Congregational  Society. 

Christmas  day,  1868,  was  notable  in  the  history  of  the  parish,  as  the 
day  when  the  Cathedral  was  first  opened  by  the  Bishop  for  the 
celebration  of  the  sacraments  and  services  of  the  Church.  Not  that 
the  building  was  then  completed,  by  any  means,  for  the  windows  were 
only  filled  in  with  cotton  cloth,  and  very  much  remained  to  be  done 
to  make  the  church  comfortable.  The  zeal  of  the  congregation 
which  assembled  in  the  cathedral  that  first  winter  was  great,  and  if 
the  bodies  of  the  worshipers  frequently  shivered  with  cold,  the  cold 
did  not  penetrate  to  their  hearts  or  affect  the  fervor  of  their  souls, 
and  the  discomforts  of  the  first  few  months  were  doubtless  wonderful 
assistants  to  the  ofifertory,  in  causing  those  who  suffered  from  these 
inconveniences  to  contribute  liberally  toward  their  speedy  removal. 

Nine  years  of  earnest  work  and  determined  endeavor  passed 
before  the  heavy  debt  incurred  in  building  the  cathedral  was  ex- 
tinguished. In  1876  a  splendid  and  united  effort  was  made  by  the 
parish  to  relieve  itself  of  the  burden  of  the  remaining  thirty-five 
thousand  dollars,  and,  seconded  by  liberal  gifts  from  without,  its 
success  was  such  that  on  S.  Luke's  day,  Oct.  18,  1877,  the  present 
beautiful  cathedral  was  consecrated  to  the  service  of  Almighty  God. 
The  Instrument  of  Donation  speaks  of  the  three-fold  character  of 
the  church.  It  was  a  parish  church  for  the  congregation  therein 
worshiping,  a  cathedral  church  as  the  permanent  home,  official 
residence  and  place  of  ordinary  ministration  of  the  Bishop  of  the 
diocese,  and  a  free  and  open  church  for  all  classes  and  conditions  of 
men,  in  which  no  pews  should  ever  be  leased  or  sold.  Combining 
the  cathedral  and  parochial  features,  its  chapter,  duly  incorporated, 
reserves  to  the  parishioners  a  full  representation  in  that  body  and 
their  approval  of  appointments  of  clergy  ministering  in  the  cathedral 
under  the  Bishop. 

At  the  consecration  nine  Bishops  and  some  sixty  priests  were 
present  to  show  their  sympathy  with  the  diocese,  and  to  show  also 
their  regard  and  friendship  for  him  who  had  conceived  and  so 
energetically  carried  out  the  design  of  establishing  in  Maine  the  first 
cathedral  church  in  New  England. 

The  clergy  connected  with  the  cathedral  at  different  times  have 
been  the  Revs.  Charles  Wells  Hayes,  C.  H.  Chapin,  N.  Taylor  Root, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  71 

canons;  Rev.  C.  M.  Pyne,  priest;  Revs.  F.  S.  Sill,  F.  C.  Neely,  C.  J. 
Ketchum  and  M.  McLaughlin  as  deacons.  Since  the  resignation  of 
Rev.  C.  W.  Hayes  as  canon  resident,  in  1880,  the  present  incumbent 
has  held  the  position,  each  year  adding  to  his  interest  in  the  welfare 
of  the  parish  as  well  as  to  his  sense  of  his  responsibility  in  the 
furtherance  of  the  work,  and  he  trusts  also  to  the  gratitude  he  feels 
for  the  many  tokens  of  love  and  sympathy  which  he  has  so  con- 
tinually received  from  the  Bishop,  and  from  you,  my  dear  brethren, 
and  by  which  he  has  been  so  much  encouraged  ever  since  his  coming 
to  this  parish,  six  years  ago. 

The  church  is  now  surrounded  by  many  important  organizations 
for  all  sorts  of  parish  and  missionary  work,  and  reports  this  year 
some  four  hundred  and  sixty  communicants,  and  offerings  of  about 
seven  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. 


ST.  STEPHEN'S,  EPISCOPAL. 

BY   THE    RECTOR,    REV.    ASA   DALTON,    D.  D. 

2d  Thessalonians,  ii.  15:  Stand  fast  and  hold  the  traditions  which  ye  have  been 
taught. 

Let  us  now  notice  the  points  most  pertinent  to  this  occasion,  on 
which  we  are  requested  by  the  City  Government  to  give  an  account 
of,  the  origin  and  history  of  this  ancient  parish,  the  second  in  order 
of  time  founded  within  the  present  city  limits. 

The  second  point  is,  that  with  the  growth  of  towns,  the  differences 
which  had  been  kept  in  the  background  began  to  appear  in  efforts  to 
introduce  the  liturgic  service  of  the  English  Church.  Salem,  Old 
Newbury,  Portsmouth  and  Portland  are  all  examples  of  this  kind. 
Parson  Smith  had  been  pastor  of  the  First  Parish  twenty-five  years 
when  he  began  to  record  the  symptons  of  unrest  which  resulted  in 
the  formation  of  this  parish,  which  was  then  called  S.  Paul.  Parson 
Wiswall,  its  first  minister,  had  been  pastor  of  the  Second  church  in 
that  part  of  Falmouth  called  New  Casco.  He  went  to  England  to 
obtain  Episcopal  ordination,  and,  returning,  was  rector  for  ten  years. 
In  1775  he  resigned  and  retired  to  Nova  Scotia,  where  a  new  parish 
was  formed  for  him,  with  which  he  remained  till  his  death.' 

'  See  note  on  p.  75, 


72  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

The  first  church  edifice  erected  by  this  parish  was  begun  in  1764, 
and  set  apart  for  worship  in  June,  1765.  The  names  of  the  con- 
tributors, with  the  amount  they  contributed,  are  all  set  down  in  the 
parish  register;  so  are  the  names  of  the  families  and  individuals  who 
worshiped  in  the  church  the  first  year.  The  number  was  fifty-seven, 
increased  to  sixty-seven  the  second  year,  and  in  ten  years  to  about 
one  hundred. 

The  church  stood  at  the  corner  of  Middle  and  Church  streets,  was 
nearly  square  and  built  of  wood.  The  first  wardens  were  James 
Hope  and  George  Tate.  Henry  Wallis  was  the  first  clerk,  who  led 
the  responses,  his  seat  being  below  the  reading  desk.  The  vestry- 
men were  Mr.  Thomas  Child,  Benjamin  Waite,  Esq.,  Mr.  John 
Waite,  Mr.  Stephen  Waite,  Mr.  Wheeler  Riggs,  Mr,  Edward  Mount- 
ford,  Mr.  David  Wyer,  Mr.  Daniel  Ilsley,  Mr.  Jonathan  Craft,  Mr. 
Robert  McLellan  and  Dr.  Edward  Watts.  Nearly  all  the  members 
of  the  church  had  belonged  to  Parson  Smith's  congregation,  and 
nothing  was  farther  from  their  thoughts  or  temper  than  an  entire 
separation  from  the  old  church  with  which  they  had  been  connected, 
and  in  which  many  of  them  had  been  born  and  baptized. 

As  to  its  history  in  other  respects  that  has  been  marked  by  vicis- 
situdes beyond  its  control.  It  was  prosperous  and  relatively  strong 
before  the  Revolution.  During  the  course  of  that  war  it  was  greatly 
weakened  by  divisions  among  its  members,  who  took  opposite  sides 
in  the  war,  and  by  the  desertion  of  its  rector.  The  church  building 
was  burned  by  Mowatt  when  he  ordered  the  bombardment  of  the 
town.  It  was,  however,  rebuilt  on  the  same  site  soon  after  the  close 
of  the  war.  The  list  of  subscribers  to  the  new  building  is  more 
numerous  than  could  have  been  anticipated,  and  if  a  suitable  rector 
could  have  been  secured  the  revival  of  the  parish  would  have 
followed  in  a  few  years.  This  want,  though  urgent,  was  not  supplied 
till  Mr.  Timothy  Hilliard,  who,  like  Parson  Wiswall,  was  a  graduate 
of  Harvard,  was  called  to  serve  as  rector  by  the  congregation,  which 
for  some  time  he  had  served  as  a  lay  reader.  Meanwhile  a  new  brick 
church  was  erected  on  Pearl  street,  not  far  from  the  old  site.  This 
church  was  plain  without,  but  beautiful  within,  being  similar  to  King's 
chapel,  Boston,  St.  Paul's,  Newburyport,  St.  John's,  Portsmouth,  St. 
Paul's,  New  York,  and  other  colonial  churches  of  the  Sir  Christopher 
Wren  style.      It  was  remodelled,  but  not  improved,  only  enlarged  on 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  73 

an  inferior  plan  in  1856.  Ten  years  later  it  was  wholly  destroyed  in 
the  great  fire  of  1866. 

Mr.  Hilliard  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Petrus  S.  TenBroeck,  whose 
ministry  was  longer  by  several  years  than  that  of  his  predecessor. 
Mr.  TenBroeck  was  much  beloved  by  his  people  and  highly 
respected  in  the  community.  The  records  of  the  parish  as  kept  by 
him  indicate  unusual  fidelity,  and  his  letter  of  resignation  is  a  model, 
combining  charity  with  dignity  and  due  regard  to  the  feelings  of  his 
parishioners. 

Several  clergj'men  officiated  before  Mr.  TenBroeck,  and  more 
after  him,  who  can  scarcely  be  called  rectors  of  the  parish.  Their 
stay  was  short,  and,  indeed,  for  the  most  part  they  came  only  to 
accommodate  the  parish  for  a  few  weeks  or  months,  and  in  other 
instances,  after  surveying  the  field,  feared  to  attempt  its  cultivation. 
Of  rectors  proper,  however,  we  must  mention  Rev.  Mr.  French,  who 
was  here  from  1836  to  1839,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  position 
of  chaplain  at  West  Point,  of  which  post  he  performed  the  duties 
faithfully  and  acceptably  for  many  years.  Among  those  here  for 
briefer  periods  were  Drs.  Alex.  H.  Vinton  and  Thomas  M.  Clark. 

In  January,  1840,  Dr.,  then  Rev.  James  Pratt,  accepted  a  call  to  the 
rectorship,  which  he  held  for  nearly  nineteen  years,  the  longest  up  to 
that  time.  Dr.  Pratt  was  a  man  of  fine  social  qualities,  and  made  many 
friends,  who  never  deserted  him.  He  was  active  in  the  temperance 
and  other  good  causes,  ever  ready  to  respond  to  the  numerous  calls 
upon  his  time  and  strength.  During  his  ministry  the  parish 
prospered  beyond  all  former  years,  and  towards  the  close  of  it  a  new 
parish  was  formed,  which  took  the  name  of  S.  Luke's,  and  became 
an  efficient  and  prosperous  parish  almost  from  the  first.  Dr.  Pratt 
resigned  in  1858,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Roger  S.  Howard,  who 
remained  two  years  and  a  half,  and  was  followed  by  Rev.  William  S. 
Perry,  now  the  popular  and  erudite  Bishop  of  Iowa, 

The  present  rector  succeeded  Bishop  Perry  in  1863.  Of  him  I 
will  only  say  that  he  came  to  you  with  an  intention  to  serve  the 
parish  to  the  best  of  his  ability,  and  to  remain  as  long  as  the  parish 
would  sustain  him,  which  has  been  to  this  day,  now  nearly  twenty- 
three  years. 

The  fire  of  1866  was  a  great  calamity,  but  many  kind  friends  ex- 
tended a  helping  hand,  among  whom  Mrs.  Sarah  K.  Safford,  a  former 


74  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

communicant  of  the  parish,  stands  first,  and  will  be  ever  held  in 
grateful  remembrance.  Soon  after  the  fire  about  one-third  of  our 
number  united  in  forming  a  new  parish,  giving  it  the  name  of  S. 
Paul's,  reviving  the  old  name  of  this  parish. 


S.  PAUL'S  CHURCH,  EPISCOPAL. 

BY    THE    RECTOR,    REV.    ARTHUR    W,    LITTLE. 

Mr.  Little  took  for  his  text  I  Sam.  VII.,  12;  "Hitherto  hath  the  Lord 
helped  us." 

After  a  brief  allusion  to  the  Centennial  of  our  beautiful  city,  and 
the  iioth  anniversary  of  our  country's  birth,  Mr.  Little  said  that,  as 
the  parish  of  S.  Paul's  was  the  successor  of  the  old  S  Paul's,  a  brief 
sketch  of  the  early  history  of  the  church  in  Maine  was  necessary. 

New  England  was  mostly  settled  by  the  Puritans,  who  were 
Dissenters  from  the  old  mother  church;  but  the  first  settlers  of  Maine 
were  Churchmen.  First  religious  services  in  Maine  were  held  by  a 
priest  of  the  English  Church  in  1605,  at  which  time  George  Weymouth 
set  up  crosses  at  various  placfes,  in  token  of  the  Catholic  faith  of  the 
English  Church.  The  only  ministers  known  in  Maine  till  1648,  were 
Anglican  priests,  especially  Gibson  and  Jordan.  The  Puritan 
colony  of  Massachusetts  got  possession  of  Maine  soon  after  this, 
and  the  feeble  church  was  stamped  out.  George  Burroughs  was  the 
first  dissenting  minister  in  Portland  (1676),  a  sincere  man,  shamefully 
put  to  death  for  witchcraft  in  1692.  "Father"  Smith  was  the  first 
settled  Puritan  pastor,  1727  to  1795.  Puritanism  was  now  supreme, 
until  1764,  when  forty-one  persons  organized  as  a  Church  parish. 
At  the  same  time  Mr.  John  Wiswall,  a  Harvard  graduate,  pastor  of 
the  Puritan  society,  of  New  Casco,  was  providentially  converted 
to  the  Church,  and  chosen  rector  as  soon  as  he  should  obtain 
lawful  ordination.  "There  is  a  sad  uproar  about  Wiswall,  who  has 
declared  for  the  Church,  and  accepted  the  call  our  Churchmen  have 
given  him." — {Smith'' s  Journal,  p.  200,  July  31,  1764).  Then  followed 
the  long,  perilous  voyage  to  England,  where  Mr.  Wiswall  received 
Holy  Orders  at  the  hands  of  the  Bishop  of  London.  Returning  in 
five    months,  as  a  priest  of   the  Church,  he  found  that  his   devoted 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  76 

little  flock  had  built  a  substantial  church,  which  was  soon  dedicated 
in  loving  memory  of  S.  Paul.  This  was  the  mother  church  of 
Portland.  Within  a  year  it  had  seventy  families — many  of  the 
leading  families  of  the  town.  The  Church  was  most  prosperous  till 
the  Revolution. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Wiswall  at  his  ordination  had  been  required  to  take 
an  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  King,  and  so  when  the  war  broke  out  was 
a  Tory,  and  was  obliged  to  flee  to  England.'  Mr.  Little  has  in  his 
possession  a  part  of  Mr.  Wiswall's  library,  which  he  left  with  one  of 
his  parishioners  the  night  before  he  sailed  for  England,  May,  13,  1775. 
The  same  year  Portland  was  bombarded  by  the  British,  and  old 
S.  Paul's  was  burned  and  the  church  people  scattered;  but  in  1785 
the  feeble  flock  resolved  to  build,  the  few  churchmen  left  subscribing 
ten  pounds  apiece.  If  the  churchmen  here  now,  had  half  the  zeal 
and  devotion  of  those  men,  there  would  be  no  church  debts.  The 
new  church  was  consecrated  July  15,  1787,  being  a  two-story  wooden 
building  on  Middle  street.  It  was  used  till  18 13,  when  an  elegant 
church  of  brick  was  built  on  School  street.  When  the  Rev.  Dr. 
TenBroeck  assumed  the  rectorship  in  18 19,  there  were  but  twelve 
communicants  of  the  church  in  Portland !  Now  in  the  three  parishes 
of  the  city  there  are  nearly  1,000  communicants — a  growth  ten  times  as 
rapid  as  that  of  the  population. 

In  1839  the  old  S.  Paul's  ceased  to  exist  as  a  corporation,  and  the 
parish  was  reorganized  under  the  title  of  S.  Stephen's.  Another  parish 
was  formed  in  185 1,  called  S.  Luke's.  S.  Stephen's  was  destroyed  in 
the  great  fire.  A  majority  of  the  parish,  taking  all  the  property,  the 
insurance  money  and  some  $9,000  collected  for  rebuilding,  moved  up 
town  and  bought  the  beautiful  stone  church  of  S.  Luke's,  which  parish 
had  now  become  the  Bishop's  church,  and  was  about  to  build 
the  Cathedral  of  the  Diocese. 

The  impoverished  church  population  of  the  East  End  thus  left 
destitute  of  church  privileges,  determined  to  revive  the  name  and 
work  of  "Old  S.  Paul's."     The  parish  was  organized  June  4,  1868. 

'Note  by  Editor. — Mr.  Wiswall  went  from  Falmouth  to  England,  and  for  three 
years  was  a  chaplain  in  the  British  Navy.  In  1782  he  went  to  Nova  Scotia,  where 
he  officiated  as  a  missionary,  until  his  death  at  Wilmot.  in  i8i2.  His  son  Peleg 
was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  died  in  1836.  Archdeacon  Gilpin,  of 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  is  a  grandson  of  the  Rev.  John  Wiswall.     See  letter  from  \\\xn,post. 


76  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

The  corner  stone  was  laid  Nov.  5th,  bearing  the  dates  1764  and  1868. 
First  service  in  the  picturesque  stone  church,  corner  of  Congress  and 
Locust  streets,  was  on  July  23,  1869 

List  of  Rectors: — Rev.  N.  W.  T.  Root,  June  4,  1868  to  Dec, 
1872;  Rev.  David  Pise,  d.  d.,  Dec,  1873  to  Apr.,  1S75;  Rev.  F.  S. 
Sill,  May,  1876,  to  May,  1878;  Rev.  Charles  Jno.  Ketchum,  Apr.  14, 
1879  to  Apr.  17,  1881;  Rev.  Arthur  W,  Little,  June  12,  1881. 
(Still  rector.) 

The  statistics  of  S.  Paul's  from  June,  1868  to  June,  1886,  were: 
Baptisms,  382;  Marriages,  120;  Confirmations,  258;  Burials,  190. 

Mr.  Little  spoke  more  in  detail  of  the  work  since  his  coming  here 
five  years  ago.  The  number  of  communicants  had  increased  from 
100  to  260.  He  had  baptized  180  and  presented  for  confirmation, 
134;  had  delivered  520  sermons  and  lectures,  and  over  150  catechisings. 

Parochial  Organizations: — The  Vestry,  Sunday-school,  Choir, 
Ladies'  Guild,  Sister  Dora  Society,  Sons  of  S.  Paul,  Woman's 
Auxiliary,  Girl's  Friendly  Society,  Altar  Committee,  Visiting  Com- 
mitteee.  Ten-minute  Workers,  S.  Luke's  Sewing-school  and  the 
Mothers  Meetings — associated  with  the  Cathedral. 

The  parish  was  never  more  united  and  prosperous,  and  with  the 
blessing  of  God  has  a  bright  future  before  it. 


SECOND  PARISH,  CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY    THE   PASTOR,    REV.    CHAS,    H.    DANIELS. 

Hymns — (2041)  "Great  God  !  how  infinite  art  thou  ! 
What  worthless  worms  are  we  !  " 

(1107)  Oh!  where  are  kings  and  empires  now, 
Of  old  that  went  and  came  ? 

Scripture  Psalms  122,  125;  Isa.  Hi.  i-io;   i  Cor.  iii.  i-ii. 

One  hundred  years  ago  the  only  Congregational  church  in  the 
town  of  Portland  was  the  First  Parish  church,  now  Unitarian,  with 
Rev.  Thomas  Smith  as  pastor,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Deane  his  colleague. 
Ninety-nine  years  ago  events  transpired  which  created  disaffection 
and  finally  resulted  in  a  secession  and  the  organization  of  the 
Second  Parish  Congregational  Church.     The  occasion  grew  out  of 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  77 

inability  to  support  two  pastors.  The  senior  pastor,  being  wealthy 
and  unable  to  perform  his  duties,  it  was  desired  that  the  salary  be 
relinquished.  This  was  declined.  The  old  church  was  in  need  of 
repairs;  some  proposed  a  new  house.  Over  these  questions  the 
crisis  came,  resulting  in  the  withdrawal  of  the  disaffected  in  August, 
1787. 

The  first  meetings  for  business  and  conference  were  held  in  the 
one-story  wooden  building  known  as  the  Greeley  tavern,  located  at 
the  corner  of  Back  (now  Congress)  and  Hampshire  streets.  Divine 
worship  was  first  held  in  the  old  North  school-house,  then  situated  on 
the  corner  of  Middle  and  King  (now  India)  streets,  where  large 
audiences  were  gathered  under  the  unusual  excitement  which  circum- 
stances called  forth.  Great  interest  prevailed  regarding  the  new 
movement,  but  it  was  not  until  March,  1788,  that  an  act  of  incor- 
poration was  granted.  This  act  required  the  society  to  give  one- 
fourth  of  the  salary  of  the  senior  pastor  of  the  First  Parish,  Rev. 
Thomas  Smith ;  also  to  pay  arrearages  and  relinquish  their  pews. 
On  the  30th  of  September,  1788,  eleven  male  members  "embodied 
themselves  as  a  Church  of  Christ  in  the  said  society."  John  Bagley, 
Joseph  Jewett,  William  Bond,  William  Jenks,  Samuel  Gooding,  Abner 
Lowell,  John  Thrasher,  John  Dole,  Joseph  H.  Ingraham,  Stephen 
Tukey ;  also  Elijah  Kellogg,  pastor  elect. 

At  the  early  meetings  at  Greeley  Tavern  steps  were  taken  to  secure 
a  lot  upon  which  to  erect  a  house  of  worship,  through  a  committee 
consisting  of  Messrs.  Enoch  Ilsley,  Thomas  Sanford,  Abner  Lowell 
and  Joseph  H.  Ingraham.  The  lot  on  the  corner  of  Middle  and 
Deer  streets  was  their  choice,  and  a  plan  for  the  house,  to  be  65  by 
55  feet,  was  adopted.  This  house  was  opened  for  worship  Sept.  28, 
1788,  the  dedicatory  sermon  being  preached  by  Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg. 
Also  the  same  year  the  society  raised  ^250  to  erect  a  dwelling-house 
for  the  minister — a  good  thing  to  do.  The  church  was  a  plain  two- 
story  building,  without  spire  or  ornament.  On  the  front  end  was  a 
flag  staff,  upon  which  was  hoisted  the  flag,  which,  in  the  days  of  no 
clocks,  was  the  call  to  service.  Across  the  way  was  the  S.  Paul's 
church,  on  which  was  a  small  bell.  It  is  told  concerning  the  rivalries 
of  that  day  that  the  S.  Paul's  sexton  one  morning  called  out:  "What 
do  you  hoist  that  flag  for  ? "  Our  sexton.  Burns,  wittily  retorted  : 
"To  let  the  people  know  your  bell  is  ringing."     In  1793  a  tower  was 


78  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

built  upon  the  church,  and  a  bell  was  imported  from  England  and 
placed  in  the  belfry.  The  town  furnished  a  clock,  which  was  placed 
above  the  belfry,  and  so  marked  the  time  for  the  town. 

The  first  organ  in  any  church  in  Portland  was  placed  in  this 
church  in  1798.  We  venture  that  was  by  many  counted  as  unholy  a 
thing,  as  to  others,  the  introduction  of  stoves  was  uncomfortable. 
One  Nicholas  Blaisdell  was  employed  to  play  the  organ  at  a  salary  of 
$25.     In  1820  a  larger  organ  was  purchased. 

The  growth  of  the  society  required  in  1807  the  enlarging  of  the 
church  edifice,  which  was  done  by  cutting  the  church  in  two  and 
inserting  twenty-two  feet,  and  adding  thirty-two  new  pews.  In  18 18 
a  new  and  large  lecture  room  was  built  on  Deer  street,  opposite  the 
church,  for  social  religious  meetings  and  for  the  Sabbath-school.  In 
1825  the  house  was  again  remodelled  at  large  expense,  among  other 
reasons  to  improve  its  acoustic  properties  and  thereby  to  relieve  Dr. 
Payson,  The  house  was  again  remodelled,  and  at  greater  expense, 
during  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Condit.  New  pews,  windows  and  galleries 
were  put  in ;  the  walls  frescoed,  and  a  beautiful  pulpit,  with  furniture, 
provided.    To  some  of  you  these  things  are  yet  in  your  mind's  eye. 

And  now  this  day  is  to  this  church  an  anniversary  of  more  than 
ordinary  meaning.  On  July  4,  1866,  twenty  years  ago  to-day,  this 
house  of  God  and  chapel,  hallowed  by  so  many  memories  and  loved 
as  the  house  of  fathers  and  mothers,  beloved  pastors  and  Christian 
brethren,  was  burned  in  the  great  fire  of  that  year.  It  called  forth 
the  sad  cry:  "Our  holy  and  beautiful  house,"  where  successive 
generations  worshiped  God,  "  is  burnt  up  with  fire,  and  all  our 
pleasant  things  are  laid  waste."  The  people  were  scattered ;  sixty- 
five  homes  among  the  people  were  destroyed,  and  the  insurance  lost. 
Nearly  all  the  people  were  crippled  and  impoverished. 

At  once  the  people  were  summoned  to  meet  in  conference  in  State 
street  church,  opened  to  receive  them,  and  there  renewed  their 
courage  and  resolved  "to  retain  our  organization  under  the  name 
and  title  of  the  Second  Parish  Church  and  Society."  It  was  also 
determined  to  secure  a  new  site  for  a  church,  and  as  soon  as  possible 
erect  another  house  of  worship.  The  self-denying  toil  of  the  pastor, 
the  persistent  labors  of  parish  committees  and  hearty  co-operation  of 
all  the  people  is  written  upon  all  your  hearts.  On  July  4,  1868, 
eighteen  years  ago  to-day,  the  corner  stone  of  this  house  was  laid 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  tJ 

with  appropriate  ceremony.  Again,  on  July  4,  1875,  eleven  years 
ago  to-day,  this  house  was  dedicated  to  God  and  His  service.  The 
whole  cost  of  this  house  was  $81,412.52.  Struggle,  sacrifice,  and 
often  reproach,  was  the  price ;  a  heavy  debt  was  the  burden.  But 
on  Sept.  14,  1879,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Kimball,  the  debt 
raiser,  this  burden  was  removed,  and  the  Second  Parish  church  was 
free  from  debt.  Thanks  be  to  God  for  His  great  goodness.  It  is  true 
that  July  4th,  in  the  years  1866,  1868,  1875  and  1886  will  be 
remembered. 

The  first  pastor  of  the  church  was  Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg,  a  native  of 
South  Hadley,  Mass.  He  was  early  enured  to  hardship  and  toil.  He 
worked  his  way  through  Dartmouth  College,  graduating  at  twenty- 
five.  His  theological  education  was  with  the  eminent  Rev.  Mr. 
Murray  of  Newburyport,  who  also  recommened  him  to  this  church  as 
a  suitable  candidate.  He  first  preached  four  Sabbaths  in  the  North 
school  house  to  crowded  houses.  Giving  much  satisfaction,  he  was 
invited  to  remain  six  months.  The  intense  earnestness  of  Mr. 
Kellogg  as  a  preacher,  his  outspoken  manner,  his  searching  presenta- 
tion of  truth,  along  with  the  novelty  of  the  secession,  called  forth 
large  congregations  and  aroused  excitement.  For  a  time  it  revolu- 
tioned  religious  affairs  in  the  town,  as  is  shown  by  the  record  made 
by  Dr.  Smith  of  the  First  Parish  :  "  Poor  Portland  is  plunging  into 
ruinous  confusion  by  the  separatists."  "One  Kellock  came  here  to 
preach  to  the  separatists." 

After  the  organization  of  the  church  and  completion  of  the  house 
of  worship,  on  Oct.  i,  1788,  Mr.  Kellogg  was  ordained  pastor.  The 
sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Peter  Thatcher,  a.  m.,  pastor  of  a 
church  in  Boston.  Mr.  Kellogg  continued  as  pastor  23  years,  until 
181 1,  when  he  was  dismissed  by  a  council. 

The  next  pastor  Rev.  Edward  Payson,  d.  d.,  began  his  connection 
with  the  Church,  first  as  colleague  of  Mr.  Kellogg..  He  was  ordained 
Dec.  16,  1807.  His  own  father  Rev.  Seth  Payson,  of  Rindge,  N.  H., 
preached  the  sermon  from  the  text  in  ist  Tim.,  v.  22.  "Lay  hands 
suddenly  on  no  man,"  &c.  Time  will  not  permit  nor  your  acquaint- 
ance with  this  eminent  man,  allow  that  I  should  dwell  long  upon 
him.  He  was  highly  blessed  in  the  Church,  the  Church  was  highly 
favored  in  having  him  as  a  minister,  ministering  during  his  last  years 
in  feebleness,  he  was  yet  mighty  through  God.     He  died,  Oct.  22, 


80  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

1827.  His  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Jenkins, 
the  pastor  of  the  Third  church.  The  burial  was  in  the  parish  tomb, 
Eastern  Cemetery.  The  body,  and  the  monument  originally  on  the 
tomb,  were  afterwards  removed  to  Evergreen  Cemetery. 

With  the  death  of  this  good  man,  the  line  of  eminent  pastors  was 
not  broken.  In  1828,  the  Rev.  Bennet  Tyler,  i>.  d.,  then  well  known 
as  president  of  Dartmouth  College,  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  the 
people  having  neither  seen  nor  heard  him.  The  wisdom  of  the  call 
was  abundantly  vindicated.     Dr.  Tyler  was  installed  in  September, 

1828.  The  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Lyman  Beecher,  d.  d. 
The   pastoral   office  next  fell   upon   the   Rev.  Joseph  Vail,  d.  d., 

called  from  Brimfield  in  1834;  a  man  of  deep  piety  and  "one  of  the 
best  of  pastors."  The  installation  was  on  Oct.  14th,  and  the  sermon 
was  preached  by  the  Rev.  Prof.  Emerson  of  Andover.  During  the 
pastorate  of  Dr.  Vail  he  was  very  active  in  its  duties,  and  it  is  hardly 
to  be  wondered  that  ill-health  caused  his  resignation  and  dismission 
Oct.  15,  1837. 

The  people  very  soon  happily  united  in  calling  Rev.  Jonathan 
B.  Condit,  then  professor  in  Amherst  College,  Mass. ;  a  man  of 
pious  devotion  to  his  work,  of  great  ability,  a  finished  speaker. 
His  installation  occurred  May  17,  1838,  the  sermon  being  preached 
by  his  brother.  Rev.  Robert  W.  Condit.  He  was  dismissed  from  this 
church,  Dec.  9,  1845. 

In  the  year  1846  the  pastorate  fell  upon  one  who  still  survives,  and 
is  with  us  in  physical  weakness,  but  in  moral  and  spiritual  strength, 
Rev.  John  J.  Carruthers,  d.  d.,  installed  Aug.  19,  1846.  He  brought 
to  this  church  a  wide  experience  from  both  continents. 

Our  next  pastor  was  the  Rev.  Charles  A.  Dickinson,  called  here 
from  Andover  Seminary  in  1879.  He  was  happily  fitted  to  do  the 
work  then  resting  upon  the  church,  in  harmonizing  the  forces, 
organizing  them  for  new  work  after  removing  the  church  debt. 
Successful  in  these  ways,  at  the  same  time  universally  beloved  by  the 
people,  he  was  called  to  another  field,  which  call  he  accepted,  and 
was  dismissed  Nov.  28,  18S2. 

The  present  pastorate  began  in  October,  1883.  Such  is  the  story 
of  the  pastors  of  the  Second  Parish  Church. 

At  the  recent  conference  at  Bath  one  speaker  called  to  sharp 
account  the  failure  of  city  churches  in  sending  young  men  into  the 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  81 

ministry^  We  can  but  name  the  worthy  list  of  ministers  and  mis- 
sionaries who  have  been  members  of  this  church  or  under  its 
influence :  Isaac  Weston,  John  A.  Douglass,  Josiah  G.  Merrill, 
Charles  Freeman,  John  H.  Ingraham,  Calvin  E.  Stowe,  Cyrus  Ham- 
lin, Bishop  Horatio  Southgate,  Robert  Southgate,  Edward  F.  Cutter, 
Charles  Walker,  Joseph  Lane,  Horatio  Ilsley,  Rufus  W.  Emerson, 
Sidney  Turner,  John  E.  Tyler,  Josiah  Tyler,  Fred  W.  Boyd,  Fred  W. 
Oxnard,  John  Goddard,  William  Carruthers,  William  K.  Vail,  Henry 
M.  Vail,  Arthur  Shirley,  Daniel  Greene,  N.  A.  McAulay.  These 
were  all  graduates  of  our  church.  Nearly  all  their  families  were 
members  of  our  church.  All  these,  with  the  mothers  and  daughters 
in  Israel,  have  done  a  work  here  not  in  vain.  We  enjoy  the  fruits  of 
their  toils. 

SISTER  CHURCHES. 

The  Second  Parish  has  contributed  large  numbers  to  form  many 
new  churches  of  our  faith  and  order.  In  1807,  a  church  was 
attempted  as  the  Third  Church.  A  house  was  erected  in  1808  ;  a 
minister  settled  in  1810,  and  the  church  disbanded  in  1812.  In 
the  same  year,  and  in  the  same  house,  the  Chapel  Church  was 
formed,  taking  thirty-two  members.  The  church  was  abandoned 
about  1824.  This  was  superseded  in  1825,  by  the  Third  Parish,  to 
which,  we  gave  many  members.  After  the  fire  in  1866,  this  church 
disbanded  with  a  record  of  valuable  work  for  Christ. 

It  seems  but  right  that  we  tarry  to  speak  somewhat  of  this 
church,  our  loved  and  honored  child.  Its  history  is  written  above 
and  on  many  of  your  hearts.  It  was  not  an  ordinary  formation, 
from  divided  sentiments,  or  change  in  centers  of  population,  but 
from  the  necessities  of  an  overcrowded  house,  that  the  Second  Parish 
impressed  with  needs  of  Christ's  kingdom  prayerfully  set  apart 
thirty-five  for  this  new  enterprise;  among  them,  the  most  influential. 
Deacons  Storer  and  Southgate,  Gen.  Fessenden,  were  of  the 
number.  And  while  they  declare  great  desire  for  the  old  church  and 
pastor,  they  consent  to  remove  and  organize  the  "Third  Congre- 
gational Church  of  Christ."  This  was  effected  Sept.  9,  1825.  The 
house  of  worship  of  the  Chapel  church  was  secured  for  this  church 
by  certain  members  of  the  Second  Parish  for  $5,000,  and  was  deeded 
to  the  new  church  so  long  as  the   creed  was  sustained.      The  Rev. 


82  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Charles  Jenkins  was  installed  the  first  pastor,  Nov.  9,  1825,  an 
esteemed,  pious  minister,  but  externally  austere  and  awkward.  He 
died  suddenly  Dec.  29,  1831,  leaving  a  prosperous  church. 

The  next  pastor  was  Mr.  W.  T.  Dwight,  son  of  President  Dwight, 
of  Yale  College,  of  good  blood,  himself  a  reputable  Philadelphia 
lawyer.  Being  converted,  he  turned  to  the  gospel  ministry,  and 
was  ordained  June  6,  1832.  His  ministry,  known  to  so  many  of  you, 
was  eminently  successful.  For  thirty-two  years  he  was  permitted  to 
remain  and  impress  his  Christian  life  and  leadership  upon  his  people, 
many  of  whom  bear  the  marks  to-day  of  the  godly  man.  He  was 
dismissed.  May  i,  1864,  and  died  at  Andover,  Mass.,  Oct.  22,  1865, 
aged  71  years. 

Rev.  J.  E.  Walton  supplied  the  church  less  than  two  years.  The 
fire  of  twenty  years  ago  laid  waste  this  Third  parish,  and  it  soon 
disbanded.  Much  of  its  property,  and  many  of  its  members  were 
transferred  to  the  Plymouth  church.  During  its  existance,  770 
members  were  brought  into  its  communion.  We  are  glad  to  bear 
this  tribute  to  an  esteemed  and  useful  church  of  Christ. 

Note  by  the  Editor. — In  the  history  of  the  Chapel  Society  and  the  Third 
Congregational  Society  some  important  historical  facts  have  been  omitted  ;  and  as 
the  pastor  who  wrote  this  sermon  is  absent,  the  editor  considered  that  it  is  im- 
portant that  this  addition  should  be  made  : 

In  1807,  mainly  througii  the  agency  of  Mr.  Nathaniel  Cross,  a  new  Congrega- 
tional society  was  organized.  Its  meetings  were  held  in  a  hall,  and  its  jircacher 
was  Rev.  Jotham  Sewall.  The  meeting-house  on  the  corner  of  Chapel  and  Con- 
gress streets  was  commenced  in  that  vear  (Parson  Deane  says,  untier  date  of  Sept. 
II,  1S07,  "  N.  Cross'  meeting-house  raising"),  and  finished  in  iSoS.  In  that  vear 
the  society  was  incor])orated  as  the  "Third  Congregational  Societ\'."  Rev. 
Nathan  S.  Beeman  was  ordained  as  jiastor.  lie  was  dismissed  in  1S12,  and  Rev. 
Elijah  Kellogg  was  employed  for  a  season.  The  scjciety  was  disbanded  in  1S14. 
The  Chapel  Congregational  Society  was  organized  in  1S12,  and  Mr.  Kellogg  was 
installed  as  ])astor,  and  the  society  obtained  the  use  of  the  meeting-house  of  the 
Third  societv.  Rev.  Thomas  M.  Murdock  was  ordained  as  a  colleague  to  Mr. 
Kellogg  in  1819,  and  continued  till  1S21.  Mr.  Kellogg  then  became  the  sole  ])astor. 
Mr.  Whipi^le  preached  a  short  time,  and  in  1S22  Rev.  Thomas  M.  Smith  was 
ordained  and  continueil  till  1S24.  lie  was  the  last  regular  minister.  In  1S24  the 
Chapel  Society  was  dissolved,  and  in  1S25  the  new  Third  Congregational  Society 
w-as  organized,  to  whom  the  meeting-house  was  sold.  Its  first  minister  was  Rev. 
Charles  Jenkins,  as  is  stated  above,  &c.  Rev.  Thomas  M.Smith,  after  leaving  this 
societv,  became  an  Episco]ialian,  and  was  a  professor  in  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  Gambler,  Ohio.  He  died  at  Portland  (while  on  a  visit)  Sept.  6,  1S64,  aged  si.xty- 
seven  vears,  and  was  buried  in  the  Richardson  tond)  in  the  ]''.astcrn  Cemeterv. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  83 

BETHEL,   CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY    THE     PASTOR,     REV.     FRANCIS     SOUTHWORTH. 

Rev.  Jotham  Sewall,  long  known  as  the  Apostle  of  Maine,  was 
perhaps,  the  earliest  to  minister  to  the  men  of  the  sea  at  this  port, 
as  early  as  1820.  In  182 1,  Dr.  Payson  preached  his  remarkable 
discourse  to  them.  A  Bethel  church  was  organized  in  1824,  but 
became  extinct. 

For  ten  years  previous  to  1832  we  find  that  Rev.  Jotham  Sewall, 
William  Jenks,  afterwards  the  celebrated  Dr.  Jenks,  compiler  of  the 
"  Comprehensive  Commentary  on  the  Bible,"  and  Captain  Blake,  a 
minister  of  rare  and  peculiar  gifts,  who  boarded  round  among  the 
Christian  families  of  the  city,  were  successful  preachers  to  seamen. 

From  1832  to  1835  Rev.  Sewall  Tenney,  since  and  long  the  pastor 
of  the  Congregational  church  in  Ellsworth,  occupied  the  place, — yet 
living.  He  preached  in  the  Mariners'  church,  likewise  Rev.  Chas.  M. 
Brown,  from  1835  to  1837  in  the  same  building.  This  building,  at 
the  corner  of  Fore  and  Moulton  streets,  was  erected  in  1828, 
bearing  on  its  granite  front,  and  still  legible,  this  inscription : 
"Mariners'  Church."  It  cost  $33,000,  and  went  to  the  mortgagees  in 
the  great  financial  crisis  of  1837. 

The  present  church  was  formed  in  1840,  with  one-half  its  member- 
ship from  the  Second  Parish.  Rev.  Dana  Cloyes  was  the  first  pastor 
till  1843 ;  then  Rev.  George  W.  Bourne  till  1847  ;  then  Rev.  Daniel 
M.  Mitchell  till  1849.  Meanwhile  the  meetings  had  been  held  from 
hall  to  hall,  as  room  could  be  obtained.  The  present  Bethel  church 
edifice  was  slowly  building  from  1848  to  1850.  But  the  church  was 
well-nigh  dissolved.  In  1853,  Rev.  James  R.  French  became  pastor, 
and  near  the  same  time  Capt.  Washington  Ryan  became  a  resident 
of  the  city,  and  an  honored  name  on  Commercial  street,  which  fact 
is  mentioned  in  view  of  the  new  vitality  that,  at  that  time,  seems  to 
have  come  into  this  church.  Mr.  French  closed  his  labors  in  1855, 
and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  S.  H.  Merrill,  who  after  a  ministry  of 
eight  years,  accepted  a  chaplaincy  in  the  army  in  1863.  The  next 
pastor  was  Rev.  V.  J.  Hartshorn,  for  one  year,  who  was  succeeded  by 
the  present  incumbent,  Rev.  F.  South  worth,  in  1865.  The  Bethel 
church  edifice  went  down  in  the  great  fire  twenty  years  ago,  and  was 
rebuilt,  so  as  to  be  occupied  in  seven  months  thereafter.     The  Bethel 


84  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

is  the  child,  and  dependent  of  the  stronger  churches,  but  in  spiritual 
ability  it  was  never,  perhaps,  more  efficient  than  to-day.  Its  congre- 
gation of  transient  visitors  from  the  sea,  gathered  in  one  assembly 
would  be  a  mighty  host. 


ABYSSINIAN,    CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    J,    G.    WILSON. 

Previous  to  1800  there  were  very  few,  if  any,  colored  people  in 
town.  In  1769  there  were  two  persons,  a  man  and  his  wife,  owned 
as  slaves  by  Thomas  Smith  of  Gorham.  Others  were  held  as  slaves 
in  Windham.  Of  these  it  is  said  "they  went  off  in  the  war  of  1775-" 
In  1803  a  colored  man,  whose  name  was  George  Peters,  a  resident  of 
Portland,  was  punished  in  the  pillory,  which  was  erected  on  what  was 
called  the  "  Training  Field,"  where  a  portion  of  the  Eastern  Cemetery 
now  is.  In  18 10  but  two  families  of  colored  people  were  residents  of 
Portland.  These  mostly  resided  near  Mountfort  and  Hancock  streets, 
or  on  Munjoy  Hill.  As  a  class  these  are  said  to  have  been  generally 
esteemed.  Among  the  most  prominent  men  connected  with  them 
was  Rev.  Samuel  Snowden,  a  worthy  preacher  of  the  Methodist 
denomination.  Others  were  Joseph  and  Lewis  Shepard,  Boston 
Jackson,  Peter  Smith,  Jack  Williams,  Isaiah  Ruby,  James  Ball,  and 
others,  who  are  spoken  of  by  those  who  knew  them  as  being 
respectable,  industrious  men. 

During  the  period  from  1813  to  1832  many  of  the  people  of  color 
were  received  into  the  Second  Parish  church.  Seats  in  the  gallery  of 
the  meeting-house  of  this  parish  were  reserved  especially  for  this 
people.  Greatly  to  their  credit  and,  doubtless,  to  their  profit,  they 
were  constant  and  regular  in  their  attendance.  At  length  twenty-two 
of  these  members  were  dismissed  to  form  the  Abyssinian  church, 
which  took  place  Aug.  7,  1835.' 

The  ecclesiastical  council,  convened  for  this  purpose  at  the  Abys- 
sinian  church,  was  organized  by  the  choice   of    Rev.   Joseph  Vail, 

'  Note  7!Y  the  Editor. — In  182S  an  Abyssinian  Society,  composed  of  colored 
people,  was  incorporated,  and  the  meeting-house  on  Sumner,  now  Newbury  street, 
was  commenced. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  85 

moderator,  and  Rev.  John  W.  Chickering,  scribe.  The  churches 
represented  were  the  Second,  Third,  and  High  Street,  of  Portland. 
Rev.  Asa  Cummings,  Sewell  Berry  and  Rev.  Mr.  Carruthers, 
being  present,  were  invited  to  sit  and  deliberate  with  them. 
At  this  time,  as  appears  in  the  minutes  of  the  General  Confer- 
ence of  the  Congregational  Churches  in  Maine,  S.  W.  Chase  was 
the  stated  supply  for  the  pulpit,  who  continued  to  1840.  From  1841 
to  185 1  Amos  N.  Freeman  was  pastor;  Benjamin  Lynch  was  installed 
May  23,  1854,  dismissed  1856;  E.  J.  Adams,  1856  to  1857  ;  Amos  G. 
Beman,  from  1857  to  i860;  James  F.  Brown,  from  Nov.  i6,  i860,  to 
1861  ;  Eben  Ruby,  from  September,  1861,  to  1863  ;  John  B.  Haslette, 
1865-6 ;  James  W.  Pennington,  for  a  period  subsequent  to  Dec.  2, 
1866,  whose  decease  occurred  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  Oct.  22,  1870. 
Rev.  Samuel  Harrison  was  acting  pastor  from  Aug.  i,  1870,  to  July, 
1872  ;  Rev.  W.  P.  Alward  for  three  months  from  June  i,  1875.  Rev. 
Mr,  Carruthers,  father  of  the  venerable  and  beloved  Dr.  Carruthers 
of  this  city,  pleasantly  and  affectionately  spoken  of  by  this  people  as 
"  Father  Carruthers,"  and  a  Mr.  White,  at  different  periods,  have 
supplied  this  pulpit  and  labored  among  this  people.  From  Feb.  15, 
1880,  to  the  present  time,  the  present  incumbent.  Rev.  John  G. 
Wilson,  has  been  the  acting  pastor. 


HIGH   STREET,   CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    W.    H.    FENN,    D.    D. 

December  29,  1830,  a  number  of  residents  of  the  westerly  part  of 
Portland,  gathered  at  the  house  of  Nehemiah  Cram,  on  State  street, 
and  voted  it  expedient  to  build  a  house  of  worship  in  their  section  of 
the  town,  January  22,  183 1,  land  was  bought  on  High  street,  and 
May  28  of  the  same  year  the  corner-stone  was  laid.  August  12  a 
joint  convention  of  the  Second  and  Third  churches  nominated 
twenty-five  male  members  to  be  set  off  from  the  Second  church  and 
five  from  the  Third  church  to  form  the  spiritual  nucleus  of  the  new 
organization, 

September  9th,  at  a  council  in  the  vestry  of  the  Second  church 
sixty-five   persons,   fifty-seven  from   the    Second   church,  eight  from 


86  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

the  Third  church,  entered  into  covenant  with  one  another  and  organ- 
ized the  High  Street  church.  Of  these  church-members  only  three 
survive.  Mrs.'  Clarissa  E.  Baker  is  the  only  one  who  is  still  united 
with  us.  The  meeting-house  was  dedicated  January  i8,  1832,  sermon 
by  Rev.  Bennett  Tyler,  d.  d.,  of  Second  church.  August  8,  1832,  Rev. 
George  C.  Beckwith  was  installed ;  sermon  by  Rev.  Justin  Edwards, 
D.  D.,  of  Andover,  Mass.  In  December,  1834,  his  ofBce  was  resigned, 
and  he  was  dismissed  by  council.  April  2d,  1835,  Rev.  John  W. 
Chickering,  of  Hillside,  in  Bolton,  Mass.,  was  installed ;  sermon  by 
Rev.  Nehemiah  Adams  of  Boston.  After  a  favored  ministry  of  thirty 
years'  duration  he  was  released  from  his  charge  March  29,  1S65. 
Rev.  William  H.  Fenn,  d.  d.,  present  pastor,  was  installed  July  25, 
1866. 

The  back  of  the  church  was  burned  February  2,  1869.  The 
corner-stone  of  the  new  house  was  laid  July  17,  1869.  It  was 
finished  the  same  year,  and  was  dedicated  Dec.  30,  1869  ;  sermon  by 
Dr.  J.  M.  Manning  of  the  Old  South  church,  Boston.  In  the  autumn, 
1879,  ^'^s  interior  of  the  church  was  decorated,  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  John  LaFarge,  of  New  York  City.  August,  1880,  the  vestry  cfnd 
the  ladies'  rooms  above  it  were  refitted,  decorated  and  papered. 

The  membership  of  the  church  to-day  is  400,  its  annual  contri- 
butions for  various  benevolences  average  $3,500.  The  moving 
cause  for  the  existence  of  our  organization  was  the  plethoric  health 
of  the  Second  Parish.  Besides  a  growing  want  had  long  been  making 
itself  felt  to  provide  a  convenient  place  of  worship  for  the  people 
who  lived  in  the  more  \yestern  part  of  the  city.  Thus  fifty  years  and 
more  of  our  church  life  show  marked  changes,  which  are  commended 
to  your  deliberation. 

But  we  pass  in  the  contemplation  of  this  piece  of  local  church 
history,  to  consider  our  relative  position  to  our  sister  churches,  and 
to  the  kingdom  of  God.  What  changes  do  we  note  in  the  half 
century?  Great  every  way.  Noticeable  upon  the  surface  is  the 
decay  of  dogma  as  such,  the  declining  vigor  and  rancor  of  denomi- 
national belief.  Fundamental  truth  is  as  dear  as  ever.  But  the 
landmarks  being  fixed,  the  border  lines  are  not  continuously  drawn 
out.  Fences  have  gone  out  of  vogue  in  homestead  plots,  and  even 
church-yards.  Here  and  there,  to  be  sure,  is  still  set  a  prickly  hedge 
of  creed,  but  it  is  short  lived,  for  everybody  plucks  at  it,  and  when 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  b< 

dead  will  never  be  replaced.  In  architecture,  form  of  worship,  and 
in  general  features  of  charity  work,  all  the  churches  have  greatly 
assimilated,  and  they  grow  more  rapidly  like  each  other.  Perhaps 
the  form  of  church  government  is  as  characteristic  as  any  other  one 
thing  about  them.  And  yet,  for  all  the  assumptions  of  hierarchy,  there 
is  not  a  polity,  Methodist,  English,  or  even  Roman,  which  is  not 
steadily  yielding  to  the  incursions  of  Christain  democracy  and 
becoming  wonted,  however  indirectly,  to  popular  control.  Nor  is 
there  a  body  of  the  most  rooted  independency,  which  is  not  slowly 
being  converted  to  the  culture  and  refinement  of  worship  of  the  more 
traditional  and  aristocratic  churches.  They  all  incline  to  a  richer, 
fuller  worship.     More  music,  ritual,  liturgy,  responsive  service. 


STATE   STREET,   CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    FRANK    T.    BAVLEV. 

We  enter  today  upon  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth  anniversary 
of  our  city.  The  request  of  the  Centennial  committee,  that  historical 
discourses  be  given  in  the  several  churches,  is  most  appropriate ;  not 
indeed,  because  the  anniversary  of  municipal  incorporation  chances 
to  fall  upon  the  Lord's  day,  but  for  the  better  reason,  that  religion 
and  the  Church  of  Christ  have  been  large  and  important  factors  in 
the  history  which  we  celebrate. 

In  responding  to  this  request,  I  have  not  attempted  an  elaborate 
history  of  this  particular  church,  feeling  that  a  sketch  of  the 
ecclesiastical  history  of  the  town  would  be  more  appropriate  to  the 
occasion,  than  an  exclusive  presentation  of  our  own  much  briefer 
career.  I  have  tried  to  tell  briefly  the  religious  history  of  the  town, 
with  especial  reference,  indeed,  to  our  own  genealogy  and  history. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  early  township,  Falmouth,  originally 
contained  the  present  towns  of  Falmouth,  Cape  Elizabeth,  Portland, 
Deering  and  Westbrook,  together  with  a  number  of  islands. 

The  first  white  settler  in  the  township  arrived  at  Richmond's 
Island,  in  1628,  an  unprincipled  trader.  Thus  commerce,  not 
religion,  opened  the  gates  to  advancing  civilization.     But,  fortunately 


88  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

for  both  commerce  and  civilization,  religion  speedily  entered.  As 
early  as  1637,  an  Episcopal  minister  was  settled  upon  the  island; 
while  a  tradition,  deemed  by  Mr.  Willis  reliable,  reports  a  church 
established  at  even  an  earlier  date. 

The  first  house  in  Portland  proper,  then  called  the  Neck,  was 
built  in  1633.  Many  of  the  early  settlers  here  were  Episcopalians, 
and  the  Episcopal  was  apparently  the  only  form  of  public  worship 
until  1659. 

At  that  time  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts  was  established  in  this 
region,  and  the  uncompromising  Puritans  of  that  Commonwealth 
undertook  a  religious  as  well  as  a  civil  supervision.  Robert  Jordan, 
the  Episcopal  minister,  was  frequently  censured  for  the  performance 
of  baptism  and  marriage,  and  in  1660  was  summoned  to  appear 
before  the  General  Court,  to  answer  for  his  irregular  practices,  and 
required  to  desist  from  the  same.  At  the  first  session  of  the  court 
the  following  order  was  passed  :  "  This  court  being  informed  that 
the  inhabitants  of  Falmouth,  are  at  present  destitute  of  any  public 
means  for  their  edification  on  the  Lord's  day,  and  by  reason  of  the 
people  not  meeting  together  for  their  mutual  furtherance  in  the  ways 
of  God,  great  advantage  is  given  unto  the  common  enemy,  these  are 
to  require  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  said  place  to  meet  together  on 
the  Lord's  day  for  their  mutual  edification,  by  reading  of  God's 
word,  and  of  the  labors  of  known  and  orthodox  divines,  singing  of 
psalms  and  praying  together,  till  the  favor  of  God  shall  give  them 
better  and  more  public  means  for  their  edification."  Two  years 
later,  an  order  of  the  court  requires  the  towns  of  Saco,  Scarboro'  and 
Wells,  to  procure  able  and  orthodox  ministers  within  six  months,  and 
Falmouth  was  soon  included  in  a  similar  order.  Obedience  was 
doubtless  rendered,  but  there  is  no  intimation  of  the  name  of  the 
preacher. 

Immigration  from  Massachusetts  soon  created  a  preponderance  of 
Puritan  population,  and  the  state  religion,  enforced  by  law,  became 
the  predominant  religion  of  the  province.  Some  of  the  early  settlers, 
however,  held  fast  to  their  first  love,  and  religious  difference  added 
to  the  already  existing  spirit  of  hostility  to  the  government  of 
Massachusetts. 

In  1 7 19  the  town  voted  the  support  of  a  minister,  and  in  1720  the 
building  of  a  meeting-house,  but  the  poverty  of    the  people  delayed 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  89 

both  projects  for  several  years.  Meanwhile,  occasional  services  were 
held  by  ministers  settled  further  west,  and  by  the  army  chaplain 
whose  quarters  were  on  the  Neck. 

July,  1727,  witnessed  a  notable  gathering  on  Munjoy  Hill. 
Commissioners  from  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire  met,  in  a 
spacious  tent,  more  than  two  hundred  Indian  representatives,  for  the 
final  ratification  of  a  treaty  of  peace  between  those  states  and  the 
eastern  tribes.  Two  items  of  moral  and  religious  interest  may  be 
noted  in  connection  with  this  occasion.  A  contemporary  historian, 
himself  present,  says  :  "  One  of  the  first  things  the  Indians  desired  of 
our  governors  was  that  they  would  give  the  order  that  the  vessels 
in  the  harbor,  as  well  as  the  taverns  ashore,  might  be  restrained  from 
selling  any  liquors  to  their  young  men."  The  governors  approved 
of  the  precaution,  and  the  first  prohibitory  law  was  promulgated  in 
the  State  of  Maine.  When  the  first  day  of  the  conference,  which  was 
Saturday,  was  over,  the  governor  said  to  them  :  "  To-morrow  is  the 
Lord's  day  on  which  we  do  no  business ;  "  to  which  the  chief  replied : 
*'  To-morrow  is  our  Sabbath,  we  also  keep  the  day." 

Until  1733  the  whole  town  constituted  one  parish.  By  mutual 
consent  the  Second  Parish  was  then  formed,  on  the  south  side  of 
Fore  river;  the  parish  of  Purpooduck,  now  Cape  Elizabeth. 

A  Presbyterian  is  rather  a  curiosity  in  Maine  today,  and  the  sole 
church  of  that  order,  recently  established  here,  seems  almost  an 
anomaly.  But  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  Presbyterians 
abounded  in  this  State,  especially  in  the  region  between  the  Kenne- 
bec and  the  Penobscot,  and  their  churches  were  numerous.  There 
was  a  strong  Presbyterian  element  in  the  new  parish,  and  Scotch- 
Irish  Presbyterians  do  not  easily  turn  aside  from  the  faith  and 
discipline  of  John  Knox.  Considerable  sectarian  feeling  developed 
under  these  conditions,  and  the  first  minister  was  soon  succeeded 
by  a  Presbyterian. 

Mr.  Whitefield  journeyed  as  far  east  as  Yarmouth  in  1745, 
preaching  in  every  pulpit  in  the  State  on  his  way.  He  spent  a  week 
in  Falmouth,  and  his  work  awakened  here,  as  it  did  throughout  the 
country,  great  excitement  and  much  contention  as  to  its  real 
character  and  value.  Parson  Smith  writes:  "The  opposition  to 
him  among  our  leading  men  was  violent,  and  unwearied  pains  were 
taken  to  prejudice  the  people  against  him,"  and  at  a  later  date,  "  the 


90  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

parish  is  in  a  buzz  about  Mr.  Whitefield."  It  may  be  added,  that 
Mr.  Whitefield's  preaching  was  apparently  followed  by  no  such 
striking  results  here,  as  in  many  places. 

Shortly  after  the  close  of  the  war,  the  religious  services  of  the 
Church  of  England  were  resumed,  and  the  later  history  of  Episco- 
palianism  in  Portland  began.  But  the  tracing  of  our  own  genealogy 
being  our  special  purpose,  we  shall  confine  ourselves  to  the  history 
of  the  First  Parish,  and  its  ecclesiastical  children.  That  society 
found  itself  in  very  difficult  circumstances,  when  its  scattered 
members  re-assembled.  They  were  in  arrears  to  both  their  ministers, 
though  both  had  relinquished  much  of  their  salary  during  the  war. 
Their  meeting-house  was  injured  by  war,  and  dilapidated  by  neglect. 
Disagreement  arose  as  to  repairing  it,  many  preferring  to  build  anew. 
A  disaffected  portion  withdrew  in  1787,  and  formed  the  Second 
Parish.  Population  soon  came  in  rapidly,  and  the  growth  of  the 
town  within  a  few  years,  was  "unexampled  in  the  annals  of  New 
England  up  to  that  time."  Both  the  churches  found  abundant 
material  for  their  upbuilding,  and  both  prospered,  in  spite  of  the 
gloomy  prognostications  of  Parson  Smith,  who  wrote  :  "  Poor  Port- 
land is  plunging  into  ruinous  confusion  by  the  separation."  It  may 
be  added,  that  the  separation  was  no  result  of  doctrinal  difference. 
The  two  parishes  were  in  doctrinal  accord  until  the  early  part  of  Mr. 
Payson's  ministry:  their  pr.stors  interchanging  pulpits  from  time  to 
time. 

The  same  causes  which  had  led  to  the  formation  of  High  Street 
church,  soon  made  apparent  the  need  of  still  another  church  in  the 
growing  western  portion  of  the  city.  The  first  movement  towards 
colonization  was  in  December,  1846,  when  a  dozen  gentlemen  met  at 
the  house  of  W.  S.  Dana,  Esq.,  to  discuss  the  matter.  In  the 
following  year  Dr.  Chickering  called  a  meeting  to  hear,  as  he  expressed 
it,  "'the  reasons  which  had  convinced  him  of  the  necessity  and  duty 
of  providing  another  place  of  worship  in  this  section  of  the  city," 
and  with  characteristic  zeal,  he  spent  the  next  day  in  circulating  a 
subscription  paper,  which  he  carried  to  the  meeting,  bearing  pledges 
for  $1,500. 

In  June,  1848,  a  report  upon  the  subject  was  made  at  the  session 
of  the  Cumberland  conference.  But  owing  to  a  season  of  financial 
depression,  and  the  special  needs  of  the  Third  Parish  at  the  time. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  91 

the  consummation  of  the  movement  was  delayed  until  185 1,  when 
$10,000  were  subscribed  for  the  purpose  of  building.  There  were 
sixty-nine  subscribers,  of  whom,  fifty-three  are  no  longer  living.  The 
present  site  was  purchased  for  $6,000,  about  45  cents  per  foot,  and 
the  building  was  first  occupied  for  worship,  on  the  first  Sabbath  in 
June,  1852.  At  the  sale  of  pews  by  auction,  June  23,  1852, 
twenty-one  pews  were  sold  to  twenty  persons,  at  a  valuation  of 
$3,750,  with  premiums  amounting  to  $129.  Of  the  twenty  purchasers, 
but  four  are  now  living,  and  but  two  are  now  connected  with  the 
parish. 

The  first  meeting  preliminary  to  the  organization  of  the  church, 
was  held  Feb.  20,  1852,  in  the  vestry  of  the  High  Street  church, 
attended  by  members  of  the  High  Street,  Second  and  Third  parishes. 
Judge  Shepley,  the  Moderator,  presented  a  paper,  requesting  letters 
of  dismission  from  High  Street  church,  which  was  signed  by  all  the 
members  of  that  church  present.  A  committee  was  appointed  to 
report  a  covenant,  summary  of  doctrines  and  rules  of  government. 
At  a  second  meeting,  March  3,  the  several  papers  reported  by  this 
committee  were  adopted,  and  committees  were  apointed  to  arrange 
for  the  calling  of  a  council  and  for  the  supply  of  the  pulpit. 

The  council  met  March  17th,  1852,  and  the  church  was  duly 
organized.  Of  the  fifty-eight  original  members,  forty-eight  came  by 
letter  from  High  Street  church,  four  from  the  Second  Parish,  four 
from  the  Third  Parish,  and  two  from  churches  in  Boston.  Thirty- 
seven  of  these  original  members  have  passed  into  the  heavens,  and 
but  five  of  the  survivors  are  now  members  of  this  congregation.  At 
the  public  services  in  the  evening  the  sermon  was  preached  by  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Dwight,  the  consecrating  prayer  offered  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Carruthers,  the  right  hand  of  fellowship  given  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Chickering,  and  the  address  to  the  church  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Adams 
of  Gorham. 

Business  meetings  of  the  church  were  held  at  Park  Street  school- 
house,  in  the  singing-gallery  of  the  church,  and  at  private  houses, 
until  April,  1855,  when  the  new  vestry  was  occupied.  During  a  little 
more  than  a  year,  the  church  continued  without  a  pastor,  though 
diligent  effort  was  made  to  secure  one.  Nevertheless,  there  seems  to 
have  been  a  thrifty  growth  through  the  zeal  and  fidelity  of  its 
members. 


92  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

In  December,  1852,  a  call  was  extended  to  the  Rev.  Hugh  Smith 
Carpenter,  of  New  York  City.  His  acceptance  was  followed  by  his 
installation,  April  27th,  1853.  His  pastorate  continued  nearly  four 
years,  marked  by  devoted  labor,  and  the  steady  growth  of  both 
church  and  congregation.  At  his  resignation  in  March,  1857,  he 
left  a  broad  and  stable  foundation  for  future  years,  a  church  of 
mature  development,  though  of  youthful  age.  For  more  than  a 
year  and  a  half  the  church  was  now  without  a  pastor.  But  the  loving 
care  of  the  Great  Shepherd,  and  the  wisdom  of  Divine  Providence 
were  shown  in  due  season.  A  call  was  extended  in  Deceml^er,  1S57, 
to  Mr.  George  L.  Walker,  then  a  student  in  Andover  Theological 
Seminary.  This  call  was  accepted  with  the  understanding  that  the 
commencement  of  pastoral  labor  should  be  deferred  until  September, 
1858.  Mr.  Walker  was  installed  by  council  October  13th,  1858.  The 
sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  C.  Walker,  d.  d.,  the  father  of  the 
new  pastor,  the  installing  prayer  was  offered  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Carruthers;  the  charge  to  the  pastor  given  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Moore  ; 
the  right  hand  of  fellowship  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Thwing,  and  the  cliarge 
to  the  people  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wheelwright.  The  pastorate  thus 
inaugurated,  continued  until  October,  1867,  a  period  of  nine  years. 
After  an  interval  of  three  years,  a  call  was  given  to  the  Rev. 
Edward  Y.  Hincks,  of  Bridgeport,  Connecticut,  and  he  was  installed 
by  council  October  18,  1870,  After  eleven  years  of  faithful  devotion 
to  the  Master  and  his  people,  this  longest  of  the  several  pastorates 
was  closed  by  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Hincks,  and  his  dismission  by 
council  May  26,  1881.     The  present  pastorate  began  in  March,  1883. 

A  few  subordinate  lines  of  review  will  be  suggestive  of  important 
facts  in  our  history.  There  have  been  added  to  the  fifty-eight  original 
members  —  by  letter,  three  hundred  and  fifty-six,  and  by  confession 
of  faith,  three  hundred  and  seventy.  It  should  be  added,  however, 
that  a  considerable  number  of  those  received  by  letter  had  previously 
been  members,  and  had  been  dismissed  to  the  churches  from  which 
they  came  again  to  us.  It  is  a  pleasant  fact  that  these  children  of  the 
church  have  sought  the  old  home  again.  Our  present  membership  is 
four  hundred  and  twenty-three.  Of  the  original  members,  but  five 
remain  with  us.  Two  colonies  have  gone  out  from  us.  In  1855 
twenty-two  members  were  dismissed  to  form  the  Union  Church  ; 
and  in  1873  sixteen  members  became  the  nucleus  of  the  Williston 
Church. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  93 

This  church  has  also  had  the  privilege  of  aiding  other  sister 
churches,  both  in  and  beyond  the  city ;  and  it  has  ever  been  a  most 
loyal  supporter  of  the  Maine  Missionary  Society,  for  which  its  first 
collection  was  ordered  in  by  vote  of  the  church  in  February,  1853. 
The  record  of  church  benevolences  begins  almost  with  the  history  of 
the  church  itself.  The  scheme  of  benevolence  has  been  from  time 
to  time  modified,  with  a  view  to  greater  efficiency.  The  adoption  of 
the  system  of  weekly  offerings  has  largely  increased  the  contribu- 
tions. The  record  of  benevolence  is  not  easily  made  up  previous  to 
the  last  eleven  years.  For  the  five  years  ending  with  1879,  the 
annual  average  was  $2,753.  For  the  five  years  ending  with  1885,  the 
annual  average  was  $5,915.  These  figures  include  special  gifts,  as 
well  as  the  Sabbath  contributions. 

From  an  early  period  of  our  history,  the  ladies  of  the  parish  have 
been  active  in  humane  and  benevolent  work.  The  Missionary  Circle, 
organized  in  186 1,  did  enthusiastic  work  for  the  soldiers,  and  since 
the  war  has  cared  for  many  needy  missionary  households,  having  dis- 
tributed the  value  of  about  $2,500  in  the  last  ten  years.  The 
Williston  Circle,  now  known  as  the  Social  Circle,  organized  in  1870, 
raised  for  the  Williston  mission  more  than  $4,000,  and  its  total  gifts 
to  all  objects  aggregate  $5,658. 

The  Sabbath-school  was  organized  in  June,  1852,  W.  S.  Dana,  Esq. 
being  the  first  superintendent.  Its  sessions  were  held  in  the  singing- 
seats  and  adjoining  portions  of  the  galleries  of  the  church,  until  the 
completion  of  the  chapel  in  April,  1855 ;  the  time  of  meeting  being 
before  the  morning  service.  The  attendance  during  the  first  year 
was  about  fifty,  teachers  and  scholars.  The  school  has  been  steadily 
maintained  by  the  faithful  labor  of  many  workers.  Its  records  were 
burned  in  the  great  fire,  but  its  history  is  written  in  heaven.  The 
membership  during  the  period  covered  by  existing  records  has 
been  quite  uniform,  reaching  its  highest  number,  three  hundred  and 
thirty-two,  in  1885. 

Benevolent  contributions  have  been  made  from  the  beginning,  and 
have  been  widely  scattered  among  good  and  needy  causes.  Repeated 
gifts  to  the  Williston  mission  are  recorded,  and  it  is  pleasant,  in  view 
of  later  events,  to  read  of  the  appropriation  in  187 1  of  $100  "to  the 
mission  school  of  Mr.'D.  L.  Moody  of  Chicago,  their  building  having 


94  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

been  destroyed  in  the  great  fire."  Many  members  of  the  school 
have  become  members  of  the  church  from  time  to  time. 

Thus  we  have  followed  the  blended  and  mostly  golden  strands 
that  make  up  our  history.  Time  permits  but  few  words  of  comment. 
There  is  much,  very  much,  for  which  to  be  thankful.  God,  the  God 
of  Israel,  has  been  our  father's  God,  and  our  God.  He  has  been  in 
the  midst  of  His  people  as  teacher,  leader,  deliverer  and  comforter. 
Confession  of  sin  and  shortcoming  befits  us ;  for  many  things  have 
been  left  undone,  that  ought  to  have  been  done,  and  some  things 
done  that  ought  not  to  have  been  done.  But  where  sin  has  abounded, 
grace  has  much  more  abounded. 

And  in  the  presence  of  these  memorials  of  the  Divine  goodness 
and  fidelity,  let  us  set  up  this  day,  our  Ebenezer, — "Hitherto  hath 
the  Lord  helped  us!"  And  gathering  inspiration  of  hope  and 
courage  from  the  past,  let  us  go  forward  in  the  strength  of  the  Lord, 
to  advance  still  farther,  by  His  gracious  help,  the  cause  of  Christ. 


WEST  CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    S.    K.    PERKIXS. 

Rev.  Sidney  K.  Perkins,  of  the  West  Congregational  Church, 
preached  an  appropriate  sermon  on  the  origin  and  history  of  that 
church.  Some  twenty-five  years  ago,  during  Dr.  Chickering's  thirty 
years'  pastorate  of  High  Street  church,  a  member  of  his  congregation, 
Miss  Eliza  A.  Hanson,  dying  in  Florida,  bequeathed  $3,000  in  trust  to 
her  pastor  for  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship  in  the  west  part  of 
the  city,  especially  for  the  accommodation  of  a  mission  Sunday-school, 
in  which  she  had  been  a  devoted  teacher.  Of  this  sum  $2,000  was 
to  be  invested  as  a  fund  for  expenses,  leaving  $1,000  for  the  land 
and  building.  To  this  was  added,  through  Dr.  Chickering's  efforts, 
in  money  and  materials,  $4,000  more  for  the  erection  and  furnishing 
of  the  beautiful  brick  house  of  worship  near  Congress  street  railroad 
station.  A  Congregational  church  was  soon  organized,  which  has 
increased  to  some  two  hundred  members,  and  is  now  in  a  highly 
prosperous  condition. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  95 

Rev.  Dr.  Chickering  was  then  introduced,  and  made  some  interest- 
ing statements  in  regard  to  the  enterprise  of  which  he  had  so  unex- 
pectedly been  called  to  take  charge  of,  the  material  and  spiritual 
success  of  which  was  so  gratifying. 


ST.  LAWRENCE  STREET,  CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY   THE    PASTOR,    REV.    ABIEL    HOLMES    WRIGHT. 

"  This  shall  be  written  for  the  generation  to  come ;  and  a  people  which  shall  be 
created  shall  praise  the  Lord." — Ps.  cii.  i8.  (R.  V.) 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  present  generation  to  preserve  and  to  transmit 
to  posterity  the  history  of  its  times  and  institutions.  In  compliance 
with  the  request  of  our  City  Government,  I  present  to  you  this  morn- 
ing a  discourse  embodying  the  history  of  the  rise  and  progress  of 
this  St.  Lawrence  Street  church,  a  report  of  which  is  to  be  included 
in  the  memorial  volume  of  Portland's  Centennial  Anniversary.  This 
request  is  virtually  a  recognition  of  this  church  as  an  important 
institution  of  the  city,  to  the  welfare  of  which  it  has  sustained  a  vital 
relationship. 

Among  the  religious  organizations,  the  St.  Lawrence  Street  Con- 
gregational Church  has  existed  twenty-eight  years.  Its  history  has 
been  written,  not  for  your  ears  only,  but  "  for  the  generation  to 
come,"  and  for  a  people  which  shall  be  created  to  stand  in  your 
places,  and,  as  we  hope,  to  praise  the  Lord  in  a  nobler  house  than 
this  when  another  century  has  passed  away  and  we  are  all  in  our 
graves. 

I.  We  will  speak  of  the  origin  of  this  church.  Providence  decreed 
that  its  origin  should  be  independent,  and  that  its  infant  life  should 
be  without  the  fostering  care  of  any  maternal  church.  In  1857  Ward 
One  contained  more  than  three  thousand  inhabitants,  and  a  popula- 
tion of  at  least  two  thousand  crowned  the  beautiful  eminence  of 
Munjoy  Hill,  with  but  one  church  in  its  midst,  the  Congress  Street 
Methodist.  Amid  this  flourishing  community  there  was  ample  room 
for  another  church  to  live  and  grow.  Many  of  the  families  residing 
here  worshiped  in  Congregational  churches  in  other  parts  of  the  city  ; 
some  who  were  Congregationalists  by  preference  had  sought  com. 


96  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

munion  with  the  young  and  thrivuig  Methodist  church  near  their 
homes.  It  was  natural,  therefore,  that  the  second  church  of  Munjoy 
Hill  should  be  Congregational  in  its  faith  and  polity.  The  formation 
of  such  a  church  had  been  thought  of,  and  talked  of,  as  early  as 
1853.  Incipient  steps  were  taken  in  this  direction  by  the  Second 
Parish  church,  at  the  suggestion  of  its  pastor,  Rev.  Dr.  Carruthers, 
and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  examine  and  report  concerning  a 
suitable  place  and  plan  for  such  an  enterprise.  The  present  site  of 
the  church  was  contemplated,  but  nothing  resulted  from  the  move- 
ment. The  matter  was  again  proposed  by  Dr.  Carruthers,  who  was 
thoroughly  convinced  of  the  necessity  and  expediency  of  the  effort. 
In  1856  he  drew  up  and  signed  a  subscription  paper  for  this  object, 
and  secured  the  signatures  of  others,  both  clergymen  and  laymen  ; 
but  this  attempt  also  failed.  It  appears  that  the  St.  Lawrence  Street 
church  had  but  barely  missed  the  honor  of  becoming  the  legitimate 
child  of  that  most  prolific  and  maternal  of  all  our  churches,  the 
venerable  Second  Parish. 

The  origin  of  the  St.  Lawrence  Street  Congregational  Church  was, 
in  truth,  a  household  prayer-meeting,  where  several  families  met  on 
Thursday  evenings  for  devotional  exercises.  The  first  of  these 
meetings  was  held  in  the  house  of  Luther  H.  Shaw,  and  was  led  by 
Rev.  Henry  D.  Moore,  of  the  Union  Church.  There  was  no  one 
among  this  company  who  was  willing  then  to  assume  the  responsibil- 
ity of  organizing  even  a  household  prayer-meeting.  But  out  of  that 
assembly  there  came  forth  the  future  leaders  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
Street  Church.  There  it  was,  as  it  met  from  house  to  house,  now  at 
Daniel  Randall's,  then  at  Edward  Waite's,  afterwards  at  James  V. 
Poor's,  then  again  at  some  other  house,  that  those  social  ties  were 
formed,  and  those  spiritual  bonds  were  cemented  which  subsequently 
found  a  more  complete  and  joyful  expression  in  the  communion  of 
this  church.  The  original  and  active  members  of  this  prayer-meeting 
were  our  spiritual  fathers  and  mothers.  They  became  the  original 
members  of  this  church,  which  at  this  time  they  did  not  even  dream 
of  founding.  One  of  the  most  prominent  members  of  this  prayer- 
meeting,  and  a  leading  spirit  in  the  church  enterprise  that  grew  out 
of  it,  was  Mr.  William  Curtis,  who  still  resides  in  our  community  and 
remains  in  our  communion.  To  his  efforts,  more  than  to  those  of 
any  other  man,  this  church  owes  its  origin.       He  was  the  first  mover 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  'J/ 

in  the  establishment  of  the  prayer-meeting,  and  afterwards  the  leader 
in  the  building  of  this  house  of  worship,  and  in  the  subsequent  for- 
mation of  the  church.  Associated  prominently  with  Mr.  Curtis  were 
Daniel  Randall,  Edward  Waite,  Washington  Griffin,  Luther  H.  Shaw, 
James  V,  Poor,  William  H.  Beaumont  and  Simeon  Skillings  Of 
these,  three  remain  in  our  communion  to-day,  Messrs.  Curtis,  Griffin 
and  Poor. 

With  these  eight  Christian  men,  originated  the  plan  of  providing  a 
new  house  of  worship  in  this  community.  They  had  no  thought  of 
forming  a  church.  The  pressing  need  was  for  a  meeting-house  for 
Sabbath  worship  and  Sunday-school  work. 

In  August,  1857,  they  formed  themselves  into  a  corporate  body, 
under  the  State  laws,  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  house  of  worship. 
This  lot,  upon  which  our  church  edifice  stands,  they  purchased  for 
$2,400,  giving  their  own  private  bonds  for  the  deed.  The  result  was 
the  erection  of  this  meeting-house,  which  was  dedicated  to  the 
worship  of  God  January  15,  1858.  It  was  then  a  one-story  building, 
standing  somewhat  on  one  side  of  the  lot  and  nearer  to  the  street, 
and  its  audience  room  was  a  few  feet  less  than  its  present  length. 
The  city  pastors  of  a  former  generation  officiated  at  its  dedication. 
The  Rev.  John  W.  Chickering,  d.  d.,  of  High  Street  church, 
presented  an  historical  statement,  which  is  published  in  the  first 
manual  of  the  church.  The  Rev.  William  T.  Dwight,  d.  d.,  of  the 
Third  church,  offered  the  prayer  of  dedication,  and  the  Rev.  Elijah 
Kellogg,  of  Harpswell,  preached  the  sermon  from  Psalms,  xcvi,  6, 
"  Strength  and  beauty  are  in  His  sanctuary."  From  this  interesting 
service,  the  Rev.  John  J.  Carruthers,  d.  d.,  of  the  Second  Parish 
church  was  necessarily  and  regretfully  absent,  but  he  sent  his 
cordial  greeting  to  the  chairman  of  the  building  committee  in  a 
letter  containing  these  impressive  and  inspiring  words,  "  My  heart's 
desire  and  prayer  to  God  is  that  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus  may  be 
purely  and  faithfully  proclaimed  in  the  new  house  of  worship,  and 
that  it  may  from  the  first  be  divinely  honored  as  the  birth-place  of 
immortal  souls."  In  view  of  the  past  history  of  this  sanctuary  the 
prayer  of  this  now  venerable  man  of  God  reads  like  a  prophecy. 

The   new  edifice  was  no  sooner  dedicated   and  occupied,  than  the 
desire  began  to  be  expressed  for  the  formation    of    a   church.     On 
February  8th,  seventeen  days  after  the  dedication,  twenty  Christiaa 
7 


98  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

men  and  women  met  by  appointment  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Daniel 
Randall,  on  Waterville  street,  the  same  that  is  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  Mr.  Gookin,  and  there  entered  into  a  mutual  agreement 
to  form  themselves  into  a  church,  to  be  called  the  St.  Lawrence 
Street  Congregational  Church.  (At  this  time,  also,  the  covenant 
used  by  the  Second  Parish  and  other  Congregational  churches  was 
adopted.)  The  organization  of  the  church  was  completed  on  Friday, 
February  19,  1858,  with  a  membership  of  twenty-two,  ten  males,  and 
twelve  females;  and  was  publicly  recognized  by  an  ecclesiastical 
council  convened  for  that  purpose.  The  sermon  on  this  occasion 
was  preached  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  C.  Abbott.. 

2.  Of  the  pastorates  and  progress  of  the  church.  It  has  had  five 
pastorates,  viz.:  the  Rev.  Edward  P.  Thwing  was  pastor  from  March, 
1858,  to  July,  1862  ;  the  Rev.  John  H.  Murdough  from  September, 
1862,  to  November,  1865  ;  the  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Morrison  from 
October,  1865,  to  March,  1867  ;  the  Rev.  Rufus  K.  Harlow  from 
October,  1868,  to  October,  1869,  and  the  Rev.  Abiel  H.  Wright  from 
January,  187 1,  to  the  present  time.  Arthur  Libby,  James  V.  Poor, 
and  Edward  Waite  were  made  its  first  deacons,  and  William  Curtis, 
Daniel  Randall  and  Royal  E.  Whitman  its  standing  committee. 
Edward  Waite  was  made  its  treasurer,  and  Arthur  Libby  its  scribe. 

The  present  pastor,  Rev.  Abiel  H.  Wright  was  called  December 
10,  1870,  his  installation  taking  place  on  the  nineteenth  of  the 
following  April.  He  began  his  labor  with  the  church  on  the  first 
Sabbath  in  January  of  187 1.  The  first  noticeable  event  in  the 
history  of  the  parish  after  his  settlement  was  the  payment  of  the 
last  one  thousand  dollars  on  the  long-standing  debt  for  the  house  of 
worship.  The  repair  and  improvement  of  the  church  edifice  soon 
followed.  (For  this  purpose  the  parish  voted  in  August  12,  1872, 
to  issue  its  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $3000,  to  be  secured  by  mortgage 
on  its  real  estate.)  A  building  committee  composed  of  Robert 
Dresser,  F.  B.  Percy  and  William  Curtis  was  chosen  to  carry  out  the 
proposed  plans  of  the  parish.  Subsequently  Edward  Waite  took 
Mr.  Curtis'  place  on  this  committee.  The  work  was  begun  in 
September,  1872,  and  was  completed  by  the  end  of  the  year.  The 
congregation  meanwhile  occupying  the  Congress  Street  Methodist 
Church  Sunday  mornings  through  the  courtesy  of  that  church. 

On  February  19,  1883,  occurred  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  99 

church,  which  was  observed  with  appropriate  services  on  Sunday  and 
Monday.  On  Sunday,  the  eighteenth,  an  historical  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  pastor,  and  commemorative  addresses  were  made  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Carruthers,  and  the  Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg,  On  Monday 
evening  congratulatory  addresses  were  made  by  the  city  pastors  of 
different  denominations,  and  letters  were  read  from  former  pastors 
of  the  church  and  absent  friends.  A  full  report  of  these  interesting 
services  was  published  in  the  St.  Lawrence  Street  "  Church  Chron- 
icler" of  March,  1883. 


WILLISTON,   CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY   THE    PASTOR,    REV.    LEAVITT    H.    HALLOCK. 
"  Remember  me,  O  my  God,  for  good." — Nehemiah  xiii,  31. 

The  completion  of  a  century,  like  the  striking  of  a  clock,  arrests 
attention;  the  clock  strikes,  but  even  as  we  count,  wheels  continue  to 
revolve,  time  speeds  on,  and  already  we  are  fairly  started  upon  the 
succeeding  period.  From  this  vantage  ground  of  an  hundred  years 
we  look  both  ways.  At  the  past,  soon  to  be  forgotten,  garnered 
chiefly  in  what  it  has  made  of  us ;  and  at  the  future,  now  marching 
in  upon  us  to  mature  the  seed  and  scatter  it  yet  again  for  other 
harvests. 

When  the  century  begun,  only  the  First  Congregational  church 
existed  in  Portland,  and  that  was  on  the  eve  of  its  perversion  to 
Unitarianism.  In  September,  1787,  the  Second  Parish,  mother  of  us 
all,  seceded,  and  was  organized  into  a  society  in  March,  1788,  and 
into  a  church  in  November  of  the  same  year.  Her  history  is  very 
rich,  covering  many  pivotal  facts,  determining  the  birth  successively 
of  the  Third  church  in  1808,  which  soon  expired ;  the  Chapel  church 
in  181 1,  which  died  in  1824;  the  Third  church,  known  as  such  to 
many  of  you,  born  in  the  flush  days  of  Dr.  Payson's  ministry  in 
1825,  which  survived  until  the  fire  of  1866;  then  High  street  in  1831  ; 
Fourth  in  1835;  Bethel  in  1840;  and  St.  Lawrence  Street  in  1858. 
All  properly  children  of  the  Second  Parish.  Next  come  the  grand- 
children,   State    Street   in    1852,  We^t   in    1862,  Plymouth  in   1869, 


100  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

now  disbanded  in  1885,  and  last  of  all,  just  entering  her  "teens," 
the  one  grand-child,  daughter  of  State  Street,  grand-daughter  of 
High,  great  grand-daughter  of  her  still  youthful  mother  awaiting 
her  centennial,  the  old  Second  Parish.  A  fruitful  period,  and  the 
ministry  of  Dr.  Payson  was  one  of  the  elements  of  the  grand  result. 
Our  particular  history  has  been  brief.  Only  thirteen  years  has 
Williston  been  christened,  a  babe  among  her  fellows,  just  now 
emerging  from  our  childhood;  we  have  walked  alone  a  few  years, 
and,  of  late,  have  stretched  forth  helping  hand  to  our  sisters  for 
their  aid.  We  have  been  blessed  with  rapid  growth,  more  than 
realizing  the  expectations  of  our  founders. 

Twenty  years  ago,  beside  the  smoking  ruins  of  the  shorn  Forest 
city,  on  the  first  Sunday  of  July,  Williston  Chapel  was  dedicated 
with  appropriate  services,  including  a  sermon  by  Rev.  George  Leon 
Walker.  Five  years  before  a  Sunday-school  had  been  gathered  by 
the  personal  effort  of  Miss  Anna  Sweetsir,  in  the  old  school-house 
on  \\'alnut,  now  School  street,  which  was  at  length  fathered  by 
State  Street  church,  and  led  along  until  able  to  walk  alone.  Seven 
years  after  the  chapel  was  dedicated,  viz.,  February  5,  1873,  an 
ecclesiastical  council  convened,  moderated  by  Rev.  Dr.  Carruthers, 
and  the  recognition  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev,  E.  Y,  Hincks. 
The  intervening  years  of  unrecorded  service,  and  self-denying  toil 
occupy  little  space  in  history,  but  much  more  doubtless  in  characters 
trained,  and  souls  saved  ;   God  keeps  those  records. 

The  church  organization  was  effected  with  twenty-two  members, 
one-half  of  whom  are  still  here  and  at  work,  having  multiplied  by 
the  blessing  of  God,  and  by  earnest  toil,  until  the  membership  is 
upwards  of  three  hundred  and  fifty,  the  Sunday-school  about  four 
hundred,  owning  a  house  of  worship  without  debt,  aiming  to  make 
its  religion  business-like,  and,  let  us  hope,  also  to  make  its  business 
christian-like.  This  church  has  to  acknowledge  the  unceasing 
kindliness  of  its  recognition  at  the  hands  of  other  churches,  both  of 
its  own  and  of  other  denominations,  with  which  its  fellowship  has 
been  of  a  thoroughly  Christian  sort. 

The  pastors  of  the  church  during  its  thirteen  years  of  life,  have 
been  three :  Rev.  Eurke  F.  Leavitt,  now  of  Chicago,  was  installed 
May  7,  1873,  'i^d  faithfully  served  his  Master  here  for  three  years, 
when  he  was  dismissed  reluctantly,  at  his  urgent  request.     A  man 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  101 

"  winning  and  genial,  tender  and  sympathizing,  sound  in  the  faith 
and  uncompromising  in  presentation  of  the  truth,  and  indefatigable 
in  pastoral  work.  He  was  at  once  pastor,  manager  and  missionary, 
and  faithful  in  all."  Rev.  Frank  E.  Clark  was  installed  as  pastor, 
October  19,  1876,  and  so  continued  until  September,  1883,  a  period 
of  seven  years.  It  was  during  Mr.  Clark's  pastorate  that  the  present 
edifice  was  built  and  furnished ;  it  was  first  occupied  for  worship 
September,  1878,  but  was  not  dedicated  until  after  the  payment  of 
the  debt,  viz.,  February  6,  188 1.  The  struggles  of  those  days,  ever 
thrilling  to  the  men  and  women  who  shared  in  the  anxieties  and 
helped  to  win  the  victories,  are  duly  recorded,  but  need  not  be 
dwelt  upon  here.  Just  about  the  time  the  church  was  dedicated, 
Mr.  Clark  set  on  foot  the  organization  under  its  present  form  and 
name,  the  Young  Peoples'  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor,  whose 
history  and  successes  are  too  well  known  to  need  comment  here. 
Mr.  Clark's  pastorate  was  marked  by  rapid  increase  in  the  member- 
ship of  the  church,  wide-spread  interest  and  abundant  ingathering 
among  the  young  people.  In  that  department  and  in  the  line  of 
social  and  sympathetic  work  he  excelled,  and  his  service  to  Williston 
church  will  never  be  forgotten,  for  its  fruits  abide. 

December  13,  1883,  Rev.  Leavitt  H.  Hallock  was  installed  pastor. 
Williston  church  has  many  times  over  proven  its  right  to  be,  and 
confirmed  the  wisdom  of  its  founders.  Its  influence  has  been 
wholesome  in  the  neighborhood  of  its  cradling,  and  it  has  done  not 
a  little  to  benefit  the  section  in  which  it  is  now  permanently  located. 
While  it  has  outgrown  its  mission  character,  let  us  hope  its 
missionary  spirit  may  steadily  increase,  measured  by  enlarged 
contributions  and  increasing  personal  effort  for  mankind. 

Among  interesting  items  of  our  history  may  be  mentioned  :  the 
laying  of  the  corner  stone,  October  17,  1877  ;  the  meeting  of  the 
State  conference  in  June,  188 1,  and  the  payment  of  a  debt  of 
$10,000  on  the  morning  of  November  17,  1881,  by  voluntary 
contributions.  Though  the  youngest  of  the  galaxy,  let  us  prove 
ourselves  not  less  truly  identified  in  spirit  with  our  Lord,  than  our 
elder  sisters,  whose  friendly  aid  and  affection  we  gratefully  record 
and  reciprocate.  "  Time  is  measured  by  deeds,  not  by  figures  on  the 
dial."  Thus  let  us  make  age  fast,  and  bring  sheaves  into  heaven, 
for  the  glory  of  our  Lord, 


102  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

SOCIETY   OF    FRIENDS. 

BY    MRS.    HOWARD    TAYLOR. 

It  is  a  difficult  task  for  the  historian  to  separate  the  history  of 
Friends  in  Portkmd,  from  the  general  history  of  the  Society  in  Maine, 
so  closely  interwoven  are  the  interests  of  the  different  branches. 
The  iirst  meeting  established  was  the  Falmouth  meeting,  and  from 
this  many  of  the  others  were  from  time  to  time  set  off.  It  appears 
that  members  of  this  Society  came  here  before  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  for  we  read  that  in  the  summer  of  1740  a  day 
of  fasting  and  prayer  was  observed  by  the  First  church  on  account 
of  the  "  Quakers  "  and  their  "pestilent  heresy."  All  the  ministers 
in  this  part  of  the  State  were  present,  and  many  prayers  were  offered. 
The  peculiar  ideas  of  Friends  concerning  the  ordinances  aroused 
antagonism,  while  their  plainness  in  dress,  manners  and  speech 
caused  many  a  shaft  of  ridicule  to  be  hurled  at  them.  Their 
numbers  increased,  however.  Others  came  and  settled  near  the 
Presumpscot  river. 

The  first  business  meeting,  of  which  we  have  any  record,  took 
place  at  North  Yarmouth,  in  third  month  of  the  year,  1751. 
Then  was  established  the  Falmouth  Monthly  Meeting,  which  was 
held  at  Falmouth  and  North  Yarmouth  alternately  until  twelfth 
month,  1758.  After  this  it  was  no  longer  held  at  North  Yarmouth, 
but  occasionally  at  Harpswell  until  ninth  month,  1774.  Then 
Falmouth  alone  enjoyed  the  privilege  until  1784.  Subsequently  it 
met  at  Royalsborough  a  part  of  the  time,  and  was  composed  of  the 
following  preparative  meetings,  viz. :  Falmouth,  Vassalboro',  Royals- 
borough  and  Windham.  On  account  of  the  distance  from  Falmouth, 
Vassalboro'  Preparative  Meeting,  in  second  month,  1787,  requested 
a  monthly  meeting  nearer  home.  It  was  granted.  For  a  similar 
reason,  Royalsborough,  now  Durham  Preparative  Meeting,  was 
given  the  same  right  in  1790.  In  twelfth  month  of  the  same  year. 
Friends  in  Portland  were  permitted  to  hold  meetings  for  wor- 
ship, during  the  inclement  season  on  first-days  and  fifth-days, 
except  the  fifth-days  appointed  for  preparative  and  monthly  meetings. 
Once  more  Falmouth  had  exclusive  right  to  monthly  meeting 
sessions  until  seventh  month,  1793,  when  Windham  Preparative 
Meeting   asked   to   have    them   a   portion   of   the   time.      This  was 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  103 

acceded  to  for  the  second,  sixth  and  tenth  months  of  the  year.  In 
ninth  month  of  1796,  Friends  in  Portland  were  authorized  to 
hold  a  preparative  meeting  one  fifth-day  in  each  month.  In 
first  month  of  1803,  Windham  Monthly  Meeting  was  established. 
Then  again  Falmouth  Monthly  Meeting  was  held  at  Falmouth 
alone  until  1833,  since,  which  time  it  has  met  one-half  the  time  in 
Portland.  It  is  at  present  composed  of  the  two  preparative  meetings 
of  Portland  and  Deering.  It  meets  the  odd  months  in  the  latter, 
the  even  months  in  the  former  place,  at  ten  o'clock,  in  the  forenoon, 
on  the  third  fifth  day  (Thursday)  of  each  month.  The  men  and 
women  held  their  meetings  in  separate  sessions  until  second  month, 
1883.  They  are  now  held  in  joint  sessions,  with  two  clerks,  a  man 
and  a  woman.  Falmouth  Quarterly  Meeting  sits  at  Deering  once 
during  the  year.  The  New  England  Yearly  Meeting  convened  at 
Portland  in  si.xth  month  of  the  years  1877,  1879,  188 1,  1883  and 
1885.     It  is  appointed  to  meet  here  again  in  1887. 

The  first  Friends'  meeting-house  in  this  vicinity  was  a  small  build- 
ing erected  in  1752,  near  the  Presumpscot  river.  In  1768,  this  failed 
to  answer  the  demands  of  the  Society,  and  the  present  larger  house 
was  built  by  subscription.  The  first  meetings  held  in  Portland  were  at 
at  the  house  of  William  Purinton.  The  brick  house  that  formerly 
stood  on  the  corner  of  Pearl  and  Federal  streets  was  finished  in  1796. 
It  was  the  first  meeting-house  in  this  region  to  be  warmed  by  means 
of  a  stove.  It  had  a  large  box  stove  in  the  middle  aisle.  On  the 
stove  were  piled  loose  bricks,  and  each  person  could  take  a  warm 
brick  to  keep  him  comfortable  during  the  service.  This  stove  caused 
Friends  to  be  much  ridiculed,  and  it  was  some  time  before  the  other 
churches  were  warmed  in  a  similar  way.  This  old  house  was  sold  in 
1849,  and  in  1850  the  small  house  on  Oak  street  was  built.  Until  the 
year  1774  Friends  in  Portland  were  required  to  pay  taxes  to  help 
support  the  First  Parish  minister. 

Among  the  prominent  family  names,  we  find  those  of  Hussey, 
Horton,  Winslow,  Hall,  Jones,  Pope,  Hacker,  Purinton,  Dow  and 
Morrill,  Two  eminent  ministers  were  Thankful  Hussey  and  Edward 
Cobb.  The  latter  was  born  in  1775,  and  died  in  1832.  Of  him  it 
has  been  said,  "He  being  dead  yet  speaketh,"  Thankful  Hussey 
was  born  in  Georgetown,  Maine,  and  died  in  Portland.  She  was  the 
wife  of  Samuel  F.  Hussey.     She  visited  many  meetings  at  various 


104  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

times,  and  though  her  life  was  a  busy  one,  she  lived  to  the  good  old 
age  of  ninety-two  years.  Many  of  our  citizens  remember  Rufus 
Horton,  jr.,  who,  though  not  a  minister,  was  well-known  for  his 
sterling  character  and  ability.  In  1837  he  was  chosen  a  director 
in  the  Manufacturers  and  Traders  Bank.  In  1852  he  was  made  its 
President.  He  died  in  1867,  aged  seventy-two.  "Resolutions  of 
respect  are  entered  on  the  bank  records."  His  wife  at  her  death 
gave  to  Falmouth  Monthly  Meeting  a  sum  of  money  called  the 
"  Sarah  W.  Horton  fund,"  of  which  the  interest  is  used  to  keep  the 
two  meeting-houses  in  good  repair.  Friends  were  much  interested  in 
the  anti-slavery  movement.  Foremost  in  the  agitation  were  Samuel 
F.  Hussey  and  wife,  Nathan  Winslow  and  wife,  Oliver  Dennett 
and  wife,  Miriam  Hussey,  and  Emma  and  Harriet  Dow.  The  old 
meeting-house  on  the  corner  of  Pearl  street  was  the  first  to  be 
opened,  and  for  some  time  was  the  only  place  to  be  obtained  for  the 
gatherings  of  those  who  favored  the  cause  of  freedom  for  the  slave. 
One  night  when  public  feeling  was  most  bitter,  it  became  necessary 
for  the  principal  speaker  to  don  woman's  apparel,  and  protected  on 
each  side  by  a  "Quakeress,"  to  leave  the  meeting-house  and  seek  a 
place  of  safety.  Many  other  little  incidents  occurred  which  we 
have  not  space  to  relate.  This  Society  has  three  separate  burial 
places,  one  in  the  rear  of  the  Deering  meeting-house  has  been  used 
for  generations.  The  last  burial  made  there  was  that  of  the  Indian 
chief,  Frank  Modoc,  in  sixth  month  of  the  present  year.  Another 
ground  is  a  lot  of  twenty-five  square  rods  in  the  north-easterly 
corner  of  Eastern  cemetery.  This  lot  was  set  off  to  Friends  by  a 
vote  at  a  town  meeting  in  1795.  The  early  Friends  had  scruples 
of  conscience  which  forbade  the  use  of  monuments,  hence  but  few 
names  are  inscribed  there.  We  find  those  of  Horton,  Hussey  and 
Van  Blarcom,  The  last  interment  was  made  in  1866.  No  dust  has 
ever  been  removed.     The  third  burial  place  is  at  Cape  Elizabeth. 

Perhaps  the  most  discouraging  time  in  the  history  of  Friends  was 
about  the  year  1864.  They  dealt  strictly  with  members  who  took 
any  part  in  military  performances,  as  well  as  with  those  who  married 
persons  not  members  of  the  Society.  But  there  is  no  longer  war,  the 
custom  of  disowning  a  member  for  marrying  one  of  another  belief 
is  no  more,  and  within  a  few  years  the  membership  has  been  several 
times   multiplied,     The  past  year  there  has  been  much  need  of    a 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  105 

larger  house  of  worship.  There  is  a  flourishing  Bible  school,  which 
was  established  about  twenty  years  ago.  At  this  school  most  of  the 
adults,  as  well  as  the  children,  are  present  each  Sabbath.  Friends 
work  for  both  Home  and  Foreign  Missions.  The  following  sentence 
is  significant:  A  hundred  years  ago  it  was  called  a  "bad  day"  for 
Portland  when  the  "Quakers"  came.  Last  year,  when  the  yearly 
meeting  was  held  here,  all  denominations  of  Christians  joined  in 
bidding  them  welcome,  and  in  giving  the  right-hand  of  fellowship  in 
the  work  for  the  One  Master. 


CHESTNUT  STREET,  METHODIST. 

BY    THE      PASTOR,     REV.    JAMES     W.     BASHFORD. 

"  And  the  Lord  added  to  them  day  by  day  those  that  were  being  saved." — Acts 
ii.  47. 

The  sources  from  which  the  following  sketch  is  derived  are  Rev. 
Joshua  Taylor's  manuscript,  "The  Rise  of  Methodism  in  Portland," 
Samuel  R.  Leavitt's  "  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Chestnut  Street 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,"  written  in  1872,  the  minutes  of  the 
conferences  found  in  the  rooms  of  the  New  England  Methodist  His- 
torical Society,  the  published  histories  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  the  recollections  of  aged  members.  Mrs.  Jane  Beal, 
who  joined  us  in  181 1,  is  still  with  us,  and  her  memory  of  her  early 
days  is  good.     Our  sketch  naturally  falls  into  six  periods : 

I.   The  Seed  Time — iygj-1804. 

The  second  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church  in  New  England  was 
held  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  August  i,  1793.  Jesse  Lee  went  to  this  Confer- 
ence fully  determined  to  offer  himself  as  "a  missionary  to  Maine." 
Accordingly  we  read  in  the  appointments  of  that  year:  "  Province  of 
Maine  and  Lynn,  Jesse  Lee."  Lee  preached  the  first  Methodist  ser- 
mon in  Maine,  at  Saco,  September  10,  1793:  and  the  first  Methodist 
sermon  in  Portland  two  days  later  at  the  house  of  Theophilus  Boyn- 
ton,  on  the  spot  now  numbered  169  Newbury  street.  Lee  passed  on 
east,  preaching  almost  daily,  and  upon  his  return  to  Portland  "  was 
permitted  to  preach  for  a  time  in  Mr.  Kellogg's  meeting-house  ;  but 
as  certain  difficulties  arose  he  did  not  long  enjoy  that  privilege,  being 


106 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


degraded  at  length  to  the  humble  situation  of  a  private  house."  Lee 
returned  to  Lynn,  December,  1793;  and  in  1794  visited  Porthmd 
again,  this  time  "  preaching  in  the  Court  House  to  a  large  and 
attentive  throng."  He  passed  on  to  Monmouth  and  Readfield.  In 
these  towns  he  organized  the  first  Methodist  classes  in  Maine.  He 
probably  organized  the  Portland  class  upon  his  return  from  Readfield 
toward  Lynn,  for  Joshua  Taylor,  who  was  Presiding  Elder  of  Maine 
in  1797,  writes  that  the  Portland  class,  or  society,  was  organized  in 
1794,  and  also  that  Joel  Ketchum  was  appointed  to  the  Portland 
circuit.  The  class  consisted  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  Homer,  Daniel 
and  Polly  Lewis,  and  probably  Theophilus  Boynton  and  wife.  The 
following  is  the  list  of  "  traveling  preachers "  and  the  number  of 
members  upon  the  Portland  circuit  down  to  1802,  and  of  the  Poland 
circuit  for  the  next  two  years  : 

1793 — Jesse  Lee,        .....  o 

1794 — Jesse  Lee  and  Joel  Ketchum,  .  .  6 

1795 — Philip  Wayer,  .   .  .  .  .  36 

1796 — Jesse  Stoneman,  ....  80 

1797 — Nicholas  Snethen  and  John  Finnegan,  .         175 

1798 — Timothy  iSIerritt,  .  .  .  .165 

1799 — Timothy  Merritt  and  Joshua  Soule,    .  .         222 

1800 — Asa  Heath,  .....  230 
1801 — Reuben  Hubbard,  ....  249 
1802 — Philip  Munger,  Poland  circuit,  .  .         loi 

1803 — Joseph  Wicker,       "  "  .  .109 

The  Portland  circuit  included  not  only  "the  Neck,"  as  the  town 
was  often  called,  but  most  of  the  territory  within  fifty  miles  of  Port- 
land. Throughout  this  territory  the  "circuit  rider"  traveled,  preach- 
ing in  school-houses,  private  houses,  barns  and  groves.  Revivals 
broke  out  in  several  places,  so  that  while  the  class  in  the  town  grew 
very  slowly,  the  membership  on  the  circuit  increased  rapidly.  The 
success  of  the  work  upon  the  circuit  led  to  its  division,  by  a  line 
running  nearly  nor^h  and  south  between  Portland  and  Falmouth 
Foreside.  The  eastern  half  of  the  circuit  was  named  Falmouth 
Circuit,  and  reported  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  members,  while  the 
name  of  the  western  half  of  the  circuit  was  changed  from  Portland 
to  Poland,  because  more  of  the  remaining  members  were  found  in 
Poland  than  at  "the  Neck."      "The  Neck,"  however,  was  included 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  107 

in  the  Poland  circuit,  though  the  school-house  at  "  the  Neck,"  which 
the  Methodists  had  been  allowed  to  use  in  1800  and  1801,  was  denied 
them  in  1802-3,  ^^^  the  Portland  class  was  but  seldom  visited  by  the 
preachers.  With  the  exception  of  the  two  years  when  the  school- 
house  was  secured,  the  services  were  generally  held  in  the  house  of 
Theophilus  Boynton  and  wife.  In  1798  Bishop  Asbury  spent  a  Sun- 
day in  Portland,  and  makes  the  following  record  in  his  diary : 
"Pleached  in  the  back  room  of  Widow  Boynton's  house  to  about 
twenty-five,  chiefiy  women.  In  the  afternoon  preached  to  about 
double  the  number." 

II.   Struggles  and  Victory — 1804-182^. 

In  March,  1804,  Joshua  Taylor  spent  a  Sunday  in  Portland  on  his 
way  to  the  Fourth  General  Conference,  which  met  at  Baltimore,  May 
6th.  Hearing  that  the  old  "  English  church,"  '  on  the  corner  of 
Church  and  Middle  streets,  was  for  sale,  he  consulted  Samuel  Homer 
and  Daniel  Lewis,  the  only  male  members  of  the  class,  and  with  the 
help  of  the  society's  good  friend,  Major  Enoch  Ilsley,  the  house  was 
obtained.  Finding  help  from  individuals  in  town  and  from  some 
friends  in  New  York,  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore,  whom  he  probably 
met  at  the  General  Conference,  the  house  was  removed  to  the  lot 
between  Federal  and  Congress  streets,  opposite  the  head  of  Chestnut 
street,  and  put  in  order  for  meetings,  after  which  it  was  concluded  to 
receive  a  preacher  stationed  by  the  Conference,  and  accordingly 
Joshua  Taylor  was  appointed  to  the  charge  in  the  month  of  July.  In 
the  course  of  two  years'  labor  he  had  the  happiness  of  seeing  a  con- 
siderable increase  in  the  society  (forty-six)  and  an  attentive  congre- 
gation to  crowd  the  house. 

The  above  is  in  the  main  from  Joshua  Taylor's  manuscript,  and  he 
may  be  regarded  as  in  a  large  sense  the  founder  of  Methodism  in  the 
city  proper.  The  first  board  of  stewards  was  organized  in  i8o6,  and 
consisted  of  Samuel  Homer,  Lemuel  Gooding,  Joshua  Emery  and 
William  True.  William  True,  who  remained  a  steward  until  1S18, 
WMS  the  father  of  Rev.  Charles  K.  True,  d.  d.  The  son  was  born  in 
Poriland,  and  his  early  religious  life  was  shaped  by  Chestnut  Street 
Church.  He  later  graduated  at  Harvard,  and  became  the  well-known 
Professor  of  Moral  and  Intellectual  Philosophy  at  the  Wcsleyan 
University. 

'  Note  by  Editor.— S.  Paul's,  Episcopal. 


108  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

But  Joshua  Taylor's  success  did  not  overcome  all  obstacles  from 
without  or  banish  all  sin  from  within  the  church.  In  1806  the  owners 
of  the  lot  upon  which  the  church  stood  refused  to  lease  the 
Methodists  any  more  land  upon  which  to  enlarge  their  building.  At 
the  same  time  we  find  written  opposite  some  of  the  early  names  : 
"Withdrew,  being  a  Calvinist "  ;  and  opposite  a  few  others  the  still 
sadder  record  of  expulsion.  The  church,  however,  was  now  beyond 
the  point  where  the  defection  of  a  few  members  or  opposition  from 
without  could  destroy  her.  A  subscription  was  started  to  buy  a  lot, 
and  in  1808  the  first  Chestnut  street  lot  was  bought  of  Joseph 
Titcomb  for  $550.  The  first  board  of  trustees  was  now  formed, 
consisting  of  William  Waterhouse,  Thomas  Delano,  William  True, 
Thomas  Runnels,  Samuel  Homer,  Lemuel  Gooding  and  Thomas 
Dodge.  But  just  at  this  point  the  church's  history  was  strongly 
influenced  from  without.  The  Napoleonic  wars  first  resulted  in 
embargoes  upon  European  ships.  This  gave  the  commerce  of  the 
world  to  American  vessels,  and  Portland  probably  was  never  more 
flourishing  than  from  1798  to  1806.  This  accounts  for  the  ease  with 
which  the  first  church  was  paid  for  in  a  few  months,  and  the 
readiness  with  which  the  second  subscription  was  started.  But 
America  was  presently  drawn  into  the  maelstrom.  British  orders  in 
council,  embargoes  and  the  war  of  18 12  completely  paralyzed  Port- 
land's commerce  and  brought  unexpected  difficulties  upon  the 
struggling  church.  Although  the  subscription  for  the  second  house 
of  worship  was  started  in  1806,  the  lot  was  not  bought  until  1S08, 
and  the  first  Chestnut  Street  church  was  not  ready  for  worship  until 
February  17,  1811;  the  outside  of  the  church  was  not  completed 
until  1812;  it  was  not  pewed  until  1819,  and  was  not  paid  for  until 
1824.  This  desperate  struggle  of  eighteen  years  for  the  second 
church  building  shows  how  far  the  baleful  influence  of  Napoleon's 
ambition  extended.  The  hard  times  were  the  occasion  of  a  still 
more  serious  difficulty.  As  the  trustees  could  not  secure  subscrip- 
tions for  the  new  church,  they  built  nineteen  pews  in  the  gallery  in 
181 1,  and  sold  them  for  $540  to  help  pay  the  church  debt. 

The  controversy  in  regard  to  music  prevented  any  growth  for 
several  years,  and  resulted  in  a  division  and  in  the  organization  of 
The  Separate  Methodist  Church  in  18 18.  The  new  organization 
held   services   in  a  wooden  building  on  Congress   street,    opposite 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


109 


Chestnut  street  (which  was  afterwards  made  into  a  dwelling-house 
and  burnt  in  the  fire  of  1866),  for  a  time,  but  presently  disbanded. 
The  division  reduced  the  membership  of  the  original  church  from 
two  hundred  and  twenty-four  in  1816  to  one  hundred  and  forty-three 
in  1819. 

The  Sunday-school  was  organized  in  1822,  with  James  B.  Gaboon, 
later  mayor  of  the  city,  as  superintendent.  Several  of  the  original 
scholars  are  still  living,  but  Mrs.  Mary  Yeaton,  nee  Rice,  is  the  only 
member  of  the  original  school  who  is  still  in  attendance.  Another 
member  of  our  school,  Hon.  John  J.  Perry,  has  been  a  teacher  here 
and  elsewhere  for  over  fifty  years. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  "stationed  preachers  "  and  the  number 
of  members  upon  the  Portland  station  from  1804  to  1825  : 


1804 — Joshua  Taylor, 

II 

1805 — Joshua  Taylor, 

57 

1806 — David  Batchelor, 

64 

1807 — Joel  Winch,     . 

113 

1808— Joel  Winch,     . 

142 

1809 — Epaphras  Kibby, 

171 

18 10 — Epaphras  Kibby, 

162 

181 1 — Martin  Ruter, 

162 

1812 — John  Lindsay, 

170 

18 13 — Daniel  Fillmore, 

141 

18 14 — Daniel  Fillmore, 

154 

1815 — Eleazer  Wells, 

.         156 

18 16 — Jacob  Sanborn, 

224 

1817 — Elijah  Hedding, 

188 

18 18— Charles  Virgin, 

iSi 

18 19 — Soloman  Sias, 

143 

1820 — Soloman  Sias, 

iSo 

182 1 — David  Kilbourn, 

^95 

1822 — David  Kilbourn, 

201 

1S23 — Josiah  Scorritt, 

18S 

1824 — Phineas  Crandall, 

181 

Of  these,  Joshua  Taylor,  like  most  of  our  early  ministers,  was 
forced  to  locate  in  order  to  support  his  family.  He  thus  became  a 
member  of  Chestnut  Street  Church,  and  was  for  over  a  quarter  of  a 
century  upon  our  official  board.       He  taught  school  in  Portland  for 


110  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

many  years,  was  presidential  elector  in  1824,  and  voted  for  John 
Quincy  Adams.  He  founded  the  Methodist  church  and  preached  for 
many  years  at  Cumberland.  He  died  in  Portland,  universally 
beloved,  in  1861.  He  was  at  the  time  of  his  death  the  oldest 
Methodist  preacher,  save  one,  in  the  United  States,  having  preached 
seventy  years. 

By  1829  the  church  was  so  crowded  by  the  new  additions  that  a 
part  of  the  gallery,  which  had  been  partitioned  off  for  the  prayer- 
meeting,  was  thrown  into  the  auditorium,  and  a  neat  chapel  was  built 
for  the  social  services  facing  Cumberland  street,  at  what  is  now  No. 
264.  The  rear  of  the  chapel  was  but  a  few  steps  from  the  parsonage. 
Two  ministers  were  sent  to  the  station  in  1829,  and  services  were 
soon  begun  in  the  western  end  of  the  city.  These  services  soon 
resulted  in  the  erection  of  another  house  of  worship  at  the  corner  of 
Ann  (now  Park)  and  Pleasant  streets,  now  called  the  Park  Street 
Church.  The  members  were  divided  June  27,  1833,  and  the  Pleasant 
Street  M.  E.  Church  was  organized,  while  the  original  was  now  called 
the  Chestnut  Street  M.  E.  Church. 

On  account  of  financial  embarrassment  the  Pleasant  street  prop- 
erty was  hastily  sold  in  1834  to  the  Unitarians,  and  part  of  the 
members  returned  to  Chestnut  street.  Some  became  Unitarians, 
and  part  of  them  dropped  out  of  all  church  relation.  The  loss  of 
two  hundred  and  sixty-one  in  our  membership  which  occurred  in 
1835,  and  is  reported  in  1836,  is  due  in  a  large  measure  to  this  most 
unfortunate  surrender  of  the  advanced  position  taken.  The  return 
of  the  Pleasant  street  members  and  the  increase  by  revivals  led  to 
the  enlargement  of  the  Chestnut  Street  Church  by  lengthening  the 
building,  and  putting  a  vestry  under  the  whole  of  it  in  1836.  Upon 
the  completion  of  this  vestry  the  Cumberland  street  chapel  was  sold 
to  the  Swedenborgians,  who  had  been  allowed  to  worship  in  it  since 
1829. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  the  stationed  preachers  and  of  mem- 
bers from  1825  to  1842  : 

1825 — Ephraim  Wiley,  .  .  .  .150 


1826 — Ephraim  Wiley, 
1827 — Ephraim  Wiley, 
1828 — Stephen  Lovell, 
1829 — Stephen  Lovell  and  W.  H.  Norris, 


166 
284 
312 

35- 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


Ill 


1830 — J.  Horton  and  W.  H.  Norris, 
1 83 1 — J,  Horton  and  G.  F.  Cox, 
1832— G.  F.  Cox  and  G.  G.  Moore, 
1833 — Chas.  Baker  and  J.  B.  Husted, 
1834 — Ephraim  Wiley  and  W.  H.  Norris, 
1835 — Ephraim  Wiley, 
1836 — Stephen  Lovell  and  G.  F.  Cox, 
1837 — Joseph  H.  Jenne  and  G.  F.  Cox, 
1838 — George  Webber  and  G.  F.  Cox, 
1839 — George  Webber  and  Moses  Springer, 
1840 — John  Hobart  and  Moses  Springer, 
1841 — John  Hobart  and  J.  L.  Francis, 

The  pastors  and  the  membership  during  the 
are  as  follows : 

1842 — W.  F.  Farrington, 

1843 — W.  F.  Farrington, 

1844 — George  Webber  and  H.  M.  Blake, 

1845 — George  Webber, 

1846 — Eaton  Shaw, 

1847 — Eaton  Shaw, 

1848— Chas.  F.  Allen, 

1849 — Wm.  McDonald, 

1850 — Wm.  McDonald, 

185 1 — Aaron  Sanderson, 

1852— J.  Colby, 

1853— J.  Colby, 

1854 — Chas.  W.  Morse, 

1855 — Chas.  W.  Morse, 


416 

571 
616 
661 
671 
410 

579 
592 
602 
706 
720 

intervening  period 


597 
526 
650 

655 

366 

394 
384 
352 
366 

377 
317 
330 
332 
325 


V.   T/ie  Second  Period  of  Church  Building — i8j6-i86o. 

Thus  far  the  history  of  Chestnut  Street  M.  E.  Church  has  been 
substantially  the  history  of  Methodism  in  Portland,  and  the  sur- 
rounding country.  From  this  time  forward  the  church  becomes  one 
of  several  churches,  and  the  story  becomes  more  loved,  and  the 
history  of  the  general  movement  begins  to  report  itself  in  an 
individual  church.  The  first  effort  of  the  individual  church  was  to 
renew  its  house.  In  1856  the  board  of  trustees  was  enlarged  and 
reorganized.     The  lot  of  land  upon  which  the  church  now  stands  was 


112  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

bought  for  $7,155.20.  Rev.  Henry  Cox  was  transferred  from  the 
Newark  conference  for  the  pastorate,  and  May  2,  1856,  the  board 
voted  to  build  a  house  of  worship  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  and  appointed 
Eliphalet  Clark,  George  Worcester  and  Moses  G.  Palmer  a  building 
committee.  The  church  was  dedicated  July  8,  1857,  at  a  total  cost, 
including  the  land,  of  $57,800.  The  building  at  the  time  of  its 
dedication  was  the  finest  Methodist  church  in  New  England,  and  one 
of  the  best  in  the  denomination.  (The  pastor  was  chiefly  responsible 
for  the  erection  of  a  finer  structure  than  was  contemplated.) 

Rev.  H.  B.  Ridgway,  d.  d.,  came  as  pastor  in  i860.  He  was  only 
thirty  years  old,  was  not  radical  in  spirit,  was  a  native  of  Maryland, 
and  had  many  friends  in  the  North.  He  was  followed  by  William 
R.  Clark — the  Wendell  Phillips  of  Methodism.  His  radical  preaching 
at  once  produced  a  turmoil. 

The  war  was  the  most  favorable  time  for  cancelling  the  indebted- 
ness. But  the  members  had  become  engrossed  in  other  objects  and 
demoralized  in  regard  to  the  finances.  Rev.  Charles  F.  Allen,  d.  d., 
however,  succeeded  in  raising  $5,000  toward  the  indebtedness  in 
1S65,  and  planned  to  raise  $10,000  more  in  1866.  But  just  at  this 
time  another  great  crisis  befell  the  church  and  the  entire  city  in  the 
great  fire  of  July  4th.  It  left  over  one  hundred  families  connected 
with  the  church  homeless.  In  1868,  before  the  church  had  recovered 
from  the  fire,  the  pastor  Rev.  E.  W.  Keyes  became  a  Swedenborgian. 
This  change  of  doctrine  by  the  pastor,  and  the  circumstances 
attending  it  was  a  serious  blow  to  the  church,  and  threatened  at 
one  time  to  rend  it  asunder.  It  required  the  next  year,  under 
Rev.  S.  K.  Bailey  for  the  waves  to  cease  their  rolling  after  the 
storm  was  past.  In  1870,  Rev.  Israel  Luce  became  pastor  of  the 
church.  He,  with  rare  fidelity  and  skill,  called  out  the  spiritual 
forces  of  the  church  gathered  in  families  and  built  the  church  up 
inwardly.  Rev.  S.  F.  Jones  followed,  calling  out  large  congregations 
and  filling  them  with  the  spirit  of  happiness.  Then  under  the  iron 
will  of  J.  R.  Day,  and  the  splendid  management  of  C.  J.  Clark,  and 
the  heroic  sacrifices  of  scores  upon  scores  of  members,  the  entire 
debt  was  subscribed,  $10,471.24  under  Dr.  Day,  and  $9,736.55  under 
Dr.  Clark.  The  last  $830  of  these  subscriptions  was  paid  under  Dr. 
McKeown,  and  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  dedication  of  the 
church  was  celebrated  July  8,  1882,  amid  great  rejoicings. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  113 

In  1873  the  present  parsonage,  No.  219  Cumberland  street,  was 
bought  for  $5,750,  all  of  which,  save  $580,  has  been  paid  by  the 
Ladies'  Aid  Society.  The  women  of  the  church  have  also  a  Dorcas 
society,  organized  in  1832, (?)  which  has  done  a  large  amount  of 
charitable  work.  The  women  have  formed  at  least  two-thirds  of  the 
membership  of  the  church  from  the  outset.  The  success  of  the 
church  has  been  to  a  large  extent  due  to  their  services  in  the  Sunday- 
school,  the  prayer-meeting,  the  social,  financial  and  charitable  work. 

The  oldest  member  that  Chestnut  Street  Church  has  had  was  Miss 
Hannah  Haines,  who  died  in  1884,  having  been  a  member  of  the 
church  seventy-eight  years.  Our  oldest  living  member  is  Miss 
Haines'  sister,  Mrs.  Jane  Beal,  who  joined  us  in  181 1.  Our  oldest 
official  member  is  Harris  C.  Barnes,  who  entered  the  official  board  in 
1837.  Among  the  ministers  recommended  to  conference  by  this 
church  are  Rev.  C.  J.  Clark,  d.  d..  Rev,  W.  S.  Jones,  our  present 
presiding  elder.  Rev.  Alpha  Turner  and  Rev.  Edmund  Cooke,  d.  d. 
Edmund  Cooke  joined  Chestnut  Street  Church  w'hen  seventeen 
years  old,  received  some  of  the  deepest  intellectual  and  spiritual 
influence  of  his  life  in  this  church,  went  to  Wilbraham  and  Wesleyan 
Universities,  and  has  been  for  years  one  of  the  eminent  educators  of 
our  church.  Francis  Murphy,  the  noted  temperance  evangelist,  was 
reclaimed  through  the  influence  of  Chestnut  Street  members.  But 
time  would  fail  us  to  tell  of  Capt.  John  B.  Coyle  and  his  wife  Sabrina 
Coyle,  of  Charles  Holden,  of  Henry  Baker,  John  Yeaton,  Israel 
Foster,  Henry  C,  Lovell,  and  of  that  layman  whose  name  stands 
prominent  in  our  history.  Dr.  Eliphalet  Clark. 

Chestnut  Street  Church  has  been  emphatically  a  family  church. 
Parents,  children,  grandchildren,  and  even  great-grandchildren,  have 
been  enrolled  upon  her  records.  She  has  been,  in  some  sense  at 
least,  the  mother  of  ten  other  churches.  She  has  in  some  measure 
spiritually  trained  and  recommended  twelve  men  for  the  regular 
ministry,  sixteen  for  the  local  ministry,  and  given  eight  licenses  to 
exhort.  She  now  numbers  five  hundred  and  seventy  known  members 
in  full,  fifty-five  upon  probation,  and  six  hundred  and  thirty  Sabbath- 
school  scholars.  She  has  some  eight  hundred  different  places  and 
some  two  thousand  five  hundred  names  upon  her  call  book,  being  the 
largest  Protestant  church  in  the  State.  The  estimated  amounts 
which  her  members  have  given  to  charity  is  $150,000.  The  estimated 
8 


114  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

membership  upon  her  rolls  from  the  beginning  is  4,400.  May  the 
recording  angel  be  able  to  say  of  her  members  until  the  last  child  of 
earth  is  gathered  into  the  kingdom:  "And  the  Lord  added  to  them 
daily  that  were  being  saved." 

The  following  ode,  written  for  the  occasion  by  the  poet,  Robert 
Rexdale,  of  the  Portland  Sunday  Times,  was  effectively  rendered  by 
a  grand  chorus  under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  James  S.  Staples,  the 
music  adopted  being  suited  to  the  spirit  of  the  poem  : 

STRIKE  YOUR  LYRES. 
I. 

Strike  your  lyres  and  raise  the  song, 

Ye  hosts  of  Jubilee  ! 
Joy  and  gladness  now  belong, 

O  Machigonne  !  to  thee. 
For  thy  loving  children  kneel 

At  the  altars  of  their  sires. 
Then  awake  the  joyous  peal ! 

Strike  !  strike  your  lyres. 
Chorus — \Velcome,  welcome,  to   the 
Hundredth  Isle  ! 

II. 

O'er  the  ocean  of  the  years, 

The  Lord  on  us  did  smile  ! 
And  His  hand  the  shallop  steers 

Unto  the  Hundredth  Isle. 
O  ye  hosts !  behold  the  land. 

Lighted  by  its  signal-fires. 
All  is  joy  upon  the  strand! 

Strike !  strike  your  lyres. 
Chorus — Welcome,  welcome,  to  the 

Hundredth  Isle! 

III. 

Thus  we  come  this  natal  day, 

O  city  of  our  love ! 
Tribute  at  thy  feet  to  lay. 

With  blessings  from  above  ! 
Peace  be  thine  forevermore, 

O  land  of  pure  desires  ! 
Minstrels  of  the  golden  shore, 

Strike  1  strike  your  lyres. 
Chorus — Welcome,  welcome,  to   the 

Hundredth  Isle  ! 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  115 

PINE  STREET,  METHODIST. 

Owing  to  the  ill  health  of  the  pastor,  Rev.  C.  J.  Clark,  no 
historical  sermon  was  preached  at  Pine  Street  church.  In  the 
evening  there  was  a  re-union  jubilee  service. 


CONGRESS  STREET,  METHODIST. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    EZRA    TINKER. 

The  origin  of  the  Congress  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is 
so  recent,  the  source  of  information  so  near  at  hand,  that  its 
conception,  organization  and  growth  admit  of  the  plainest  historical 
statements.  Less  than  a  century  ago  Methodism  was  introduced 
into  Portland  by  that  heroic  Christian  teacher  and  successful 
Methodistic  evangelist,  Jesse  Lee,  who  preached  the  first  Methodist 
sermon  on  the  twelfth  of  September,  1793.  On  the  first  of  October, 
1795,  the  first  class  was  organized.  Six  persons  constituted  the 
nucleus  around  which  have  gathered  the  forces  of  Methodism. 
Methodism  being  simply  Christianity  in  earnest,  as  it  has  been  said 
by  a  distinguished  Scotch  divine,  positively  aggressive,  ever  on  the 
alert,  she  has  always  been  planning  larger  things.  In  harmony 
with  this  spirit,  in  the  year  1846,  she  planted  a  colony  in  the  western 
portion  of  the  city,  from  which  has  grown  the  present  Pine  Street 
M.  E.  Church. 

In  the  year  185 1,  she  turned  her  eyes  towards  Munjoy  Hill,  which 
is  beautiful  for  situation,  like  Jerusalem  and  Mount  Zion  of  old, 
and  she  coveted  it  for  Christ  and  the  church,  and  in  the  generosity 
of  her  nature  she  set  apart  sixty  of  her  members  to  form  the  nucleus 
of  another  Methodist  society.  The  first  class  and  praj^er  service 
was  held  in  the  summer  of  185 1  in  the  house  of  Solomon  Davis,  at 
51  Monument  street,  and  conducted  t)y  Samuel  R.  Leavitt,  who 
still  survives  in  a  green  old  age  to  rejoice  in  the  beauty  and  pros- 
perity of  this  the  third  daughter  of  Portland  Methodism.  And 
Mrs.  Solomon  Davis  still  lingers  with  us,  and  lives  in  the  very  house 
where  she  lived  when  the  first  class  and  prayer  service  was  held  in 
her  home.  In  the  same  year,  a  chapel  accommodating  three 
hundred  persons  was  erected  at  the  corner  of   St.   Lawrence   and 


116  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Congress  streets,  upon  a  lot  which  was  the  gift  of  Dr.  Eliphalet 
Clark,  whose  name  is  in  the  Methodist  churches  of  Porthind  and 
vicinity,  and  whose  consistent  life  and  spotless  Christian  character 
and  unstinted  charity  have  made  his  memory  a  sweet  perfume  in 
all  the  churches.  Dedicated  to  divine  worship  in  the  middle  of  the 
conference  year  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Webber,  the  new  edifice  was 
occupied  till  the  ensuing  session  of  the  annual  conference  by  the 
Rev.  Eaton  Shaw,  who  has  gone  to  his  reward. 

In  the  spring  of  1852,  the  Rev.  William  F.  Farrington,  who  still 
survives  in  health  at  the  advanced  age  of  more  than  four  score 
years,  was  appointed  by  the  Presiding  Bishop  of  the  Maine 
Conference,  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Congress  Street  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  Such  was  the  spirit  of  revival  that  in  less  than 
three  years  the  edifice  had  to  be  enlarged  in  order  to  accommodate 
the  growing  congregation.  They  multiplied  and  thrived  till  they 
were  compelled  to  build  the  present  commodious  and  attractive 
edifice,  which  was  appropriately  dedicated  in  the  year  1868  by  the 
Rev.  William  McDonald.  The  society  has  been  favored  with  some 
of  the  ablest  preachers  and  most  earnest  Christian  workers  in 
Methodism,  until  it  stands  second  in  numerical  strength  in  the  city, 
and  is  surpassed  by  only  three  churches  in  the  State.  What  has 
been  done  is  only  a  prophecy  of  what  may  be  done  by  united  and 
consecrated  effort. 

The  following  named  clergymen  have  been  pastors  of  the  church, 
and  in  the  order  indicated  :  1,  Eaton  Shaw  ;  2,  William  F.  Farrington  ; 
3,  William  McDonald;  4,  Charles  C.  Mason;  5,  Andrew  J.  Church; 
6,  Benjamin  Foster;  7,  George  Webber;  8,  Howard  B.  Abbot; 
9,  Samuel  Roy;  10,  Ezekiel  Martin;  11,  Abel  Pottle;  12,  W.  H.  H. 
Pillsbury;  13,  John  C.  Perry;  14,  C.  B,  Pitblado;  15,  Charles  W. 
Bradlee;  16,  William  M.  Sterling;  17,  Animi  S.  Ladd ;  iS,  George 
D.  Lindsay;  19,  Enos  T.  Adams;  20,  Ezra  Tinker.  Total  mem- 
bership of  the  church,  three  hundred  and  ten.  Total  membership  of 
the  Sunday-school,  three  hundred  and  twenty-one.  Valuation  of 
church  property,  $30,000. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  117 

PEAKS   ISLAND,  METHODIST. 

BY     THE     PASTOR,      REV.      J.      15.      LAPHAM. 

Up  to  1832  preaching  services  had  been  held  on  Peaks  Island  in 
a  hall  that  was  originally  arranged  for  dancing,  in  the  house  now 
occupied  by  Mrs.  Luther  Sterling.  In  1832  the  first  school-house 
was  built  on  Peaks  Island.  For  eighteen  years  it  served  as  the  only 
meeting-house.  In  1850  it  was  sold  and  moved  away.  A  new 
school-house  was  built  by  the  city,  and,  like  the  old  one,  served  for 
meetings.  It  was  dedicated  in  due  form,  and  Rev.  Benjamin  Free- 
man preached  the  dedicatory  sermon. 

In  i860  the  name  "Peaks  Island"  appears  the  first  time  in 
our  Conference  Manual.  Rev.  W.  N.  Richardson  was  the  appointed 
pastor  here.  November  15th  of  that  year  a  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  was  duly  organized.  The  present  church  edifice  was  built  the 
following  winter  and  spring,  and  dedicated  July  25,  1861.  Rev.  C. 
C.  Cone,  Presiding  Elder  of  Portland  District,  preached  the  dedi- 
catory sermon.  Rev.  C.  W.  Blackman  was  appointed  here  in  1862, 
and  remained  two  years.  Rev.  Joseph  Hawkes  followed  him  in  1864, 
and  in  1865  Rev.  B.  Freeman  was  the  stationed  preacher.  He 
remained  three  years.  In  1868  Rev.  Asbury  C.  Trafton  was  the 
pastor,  and  remained  for  three  years.  In  187 1  Rev.  James  H.  Trask 
became  the  pastor,  and  remained  two  years.  Rev.  John  C.  Perry 
followed  him  in  1873.  During  his  pastorate  the  parsonage  was  built. 
Subsequently  the  following  pastors  have  been  appointed,  viz. :  Rev. 
Hezekiah  Chase,  1876-78;  Rev.  True  P.  Adams,  1879-81;  Rev. 
Charles  S.  Parsons,  1882-84;  Rev.  J.  B.  Lapham,  1885-86.  For  fifty 
years  there  have  been  but  two  class  leaders,  viz, :  John  Sterling  and 
Robert  F.  Skillings.  A  bell  was  purchased  by  the  Society  of  Willing 
Workers,  assisted  by  subscriptions,  and  hung  in  the  church  tower 
April  16,  1886. 


VAUGHAN  STREET,  INDEPENDENT  METHODIST. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    D.    W,    LeLACHEUR. 

The  history  of  this  church  covers  a  short  space  of  time.  It  is  full 
of  interest  to  us  and  to  many  in  this  city.  This  church  was  organized 
May  18,  1883.  It  has  now  a  membership  of  one  hundred  and  eleven  ; 


118  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

at  its  organization  it  had  forty-seven.  The  parish  was  organized 
under  the  statutes  of  Maine  in  October,  1882,  by  Ira  S.  Locke,  Esq., 
of  this  city.  The  Sabbath-school  of  this  church  at  the  present  time 
numbers  upward  of  two  hundred,  with  an  average  attendance  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty.  The  membership  of  the  parish  is  one  hundred 
and  sixty-seven.  The  congregation,  which  on  the  first  Sabbath  was 
fifty-six,  averages  at  the  present  time  nearly  four  hundred.  The 
mottoes  of  the  parish  are:  "All  men  are  born  free  and  equal,"  and 
that  "Jesus  Christ,  by  the  grace  of  God,  tasted  death  for  every 
man."  The  church  is  absolutely  free,  being  supported  by  weekly 
contributions.  The  parish  owns  the  property  on  the  corner  of 
Vaughan  and  West  streets.  It  is  valued  at  $12,000,  and  free  from 
debt. 


FIRST  BAPTIST   CHURCH. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    ALBION    K.    P.    SMALL. 

"  And  thou  shalt  remember  all  the  way  which  the  Lord  thy  God  led  thee." — 
Deut.  viii.  2. 

In  leading  his  ancient  people  how  often  God  held  before  them  the 
facts  of  experience.  Review  furnishes  valuable  lessons.  "  'Tis 
greatly  wise  to  talk  with  our  past  hours."  Though  the  history  of  this 
church,  already  printed,  need  not  be  re-written,  yet  on  the  Centennial 
anniversary  of  the  city  we  may  well  make  some  record  of  the  way 
which  the  Lord  our  God  hath  led  us.  Fifteen  years  after  the  organ- 
ization of  the  little  seaport  tow-n,  when  it  contained  but  three  or  four 
thousand  inhabitants,  this  church  had  its  birth.  Though  all  the 
citizens  had  been  obliged  to  be  supporters  of  the  legal  parishes,  a 
few  who  could  obtain  no  real  spiritual  help  from  the  preaching  of  the 
parish  ministers,  had  been  accustomed  to  attend  meeting  at  Cape 
Elizabeth,  where  Mr.  Clark,  a  Congregational  minister  and  a  truly 
devout  man,  faithfully  preached  the  gospel  of  grace  and  spiritual 
life,  giving  to  them  much  Christian  assistance,  until  his  early  death, 
when  they  could  find  no  such  spiritual  guide.  They  then  met 
privately  for  devotion  and  the  study  of  the  Bible,  gradually  learning 
the   facts   about  conversion,  and  the    Gospel   Church,  composed   of 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  110 

believers,  united  together  on  profession  of  their  faith  in  the  observ- 
ance of  the  Gospel  ordinances, — a  spiritual  body,  entirely  distinct 
from  the  State,  and  were  surprised  on  finding  that  they  had  received 
from  the  Scriptures  the  views  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  of  which 
they  had  known  but  little. 

After  much  deliberation  and  prayer,  a  council  was  convened,  of 
which  Elder  Thomas  Green,  of  North  Yarmouth,  was  moderator,  and 
Elder  Elisha  Williams,  of  Brunswick,  was  clerk,  by  which  ten 
disciples,  only  three  of  whom  were  males,  on  July  24,  1801,  were 
recognized  as  the  First  Baptist  Church.  Their  place  of  meeting  was 
first  a  private  house,  then  a  school-room  on  Union  street,  then  the 
third-story  of  a  brick  store  on  Middle  street,  then,  in  the  third  year 
of  the  history  of  the  church,  its  own  first  small  meeting-house — a 
mere  chapel,  costing  about  $600 — on  Federal  street ;  then,  seven 
years  later,  its  more  spacious  house  erected  on  the  same  lot,  which 
house,  after  nearly  forty  years,  was  changed  into  the  one  w'hich  was 
lost  in  the  conflagration  of  1866;  just  three  years  from  which  time, 
meetings  having  been  held  in  the  High  school  building,  in  the  vestry 
of  the  Chestnut  Street  Church,  and  in  the  Allen  Mission  chapel,  the 
new  house  was  completed  on  Congress  street,  at  an  expense  of  more 
than  $60,000,  the  organ,  carpeting  and  furniture  being  furnished  by 
the  remarkable  efforts  of  the  ladies  of  the  society. 

The  man,  whose  name  for  several  reasons  seems  to  stand  first 
in  the  history  of  this  church,  was  Benjamin  Titcomb,  who  during  the 
year  previous  to  the  organization  of  the  church,  had  become  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church  in  North  Yarmouth,  and  had  been  ordained 
as  an  evangelist,  at  whose  private  house  this  church  was  organized, 
from  whom  was  purchased  the  meeting-house  lot  on  Federal  street, 
and  who  became  the  first  pastor,  filling  the  office  for  three  successfu  j 
years.  He  was  then  a  pastor  in  Brunswick  for  thirty-two  years,  re- 
maining in  that  town,  greatly  honored  till  his  death,  in  the  eighty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age. 

Rev.  Josiah  Converse  was  ordained  in  1807.  His  successor  was 
Rev.  Caleb  Blood,  during  whose  able  ministry  it  was  found  necessary 
to  build  the  larger  house,  at  the  dedication  of  which  on  July  11,  181 1, 
he  preached  a  sermon  which  was  printed  and  is  still  preserved.  In 
the  fourth  year  of  his  useful  service  here,  Mr.  Blood  suddenly  died, 
in  the   sixtieth  year  of  his  age.     In   1816  the  youthful  Thomas  B. 


120  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Ripley  commenced  his  interesting  pastorate  of  nearly  twelve  years, 
during  which  the  number  of  members  came  to  be  two  hundred  and 
forty.  He  was  afterward  pastor  in  Bangor,  Providence,  R.  I.,  and 
Nashville,  Tenn.;  then  returned,  spending  the  evening  of  his  life 
chiefly  as  a  missionary  among  the  poor,  and  a  member  of  the  church 
of  which  he  was  ordained  pastor  before  he  was  twenty-one  years  old. 
He  died  in  the  eighty-first  year  of  his  age  and  the  sixty-first  of  his 
ministry,  remembered  as  the  venerable  "  Father  Ripley." 

In  1828,  Rev.  Ebenezer  Thrasher  was  ordained  and  commenced 
his  interesting  but  brief  and  only  pastorate,  which  was  closed  by 
sickness.  After  which  he  became  editor,  secretary  and  director  of 
important  societies,  acquiring  considerable  property,  which  he  con- 
tinued to  use  with  large  Christian  benevolence  till  his  recent  death. 
In  1830,  the  devoted  but  delicate  Rev.  George  Leonard  entered 
upon  his  ministry  here.  Scarcely  six  months  had  elapsed  when  he 
closed  an  evening  service  with  the  words,  "  Prepare  to  meet  thy 
God,"  which  were  the  last  public  words  of  his  brief  but  glorious  work. 
Following  him  was  the  much  esteemed  Rev.  John  S.  Maginnis, 
coming  during  the  year  when  the  growing  town  became  a  city.  After 
a  pastorate  of  five  years  Mr.  Maginnis  was  also  compelled  to  seek  a 
milder  climate.  He  became  Professor  of  Biblical  Theology  at  Ham- 
ilton, and  afterward  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died  in  the  forty- 
eighth  year  of  his  age.  In  accordance  with  his  advice  fifty-four 
members  were  cordially  dismissed  to  become  constituent  members  of 
the  P>ee  Street  Church.  His  successor  was  Rev.  James  T.  Champlin, 
who  after  a  little  more  than  three  years,  was  induced  to  go  to  his 
great  work  in  Waterville,  where  as  Professor  of  Greek  and  as  Presi- 
dent, in  a  service  of  thirty-two  years,  he  reared  for  himself  an  endur- 
ing monument.  From  1842,  for  nearly  seven  years  Rev.  Luther  F. 
Beecher  was  pastor.  Then  for  three  years  Rev.  Jacob  R.  Scott,  who 
resigned  (being  appointed  by  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union 
as  a  missionary  to  France),  but  died  in  this  country  in  the  forty- 
seventh  year  of  his  age. 

In  1854  commenced  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Shailer,  d.  d., 
who  was  of  more  value  than  this  record  can  tell  during  the  terrible 
years  of  war,  and  conflagration,  and  rebuilding;  who  at  the  seventy- 
fifth  anniversary  of  the  church  preached  a  memorial  sermon  which  is 
in  print ;  and  during  twenty-three  years  gave  to  Portland  the  service 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRAttON.  121 

of  a  faithful  preacher,  model  pastor,  accurate  editor,  valuable  director 
cf  city  secular  education,  much  honored  citizen,  and  friend 

Rev.  Thomas  D.  Anderson  heroically  followed  as  pastor  for  five 
years,  until  he  accepted  a  flattering  call  from  a  prominent  church  in 
Baltimore,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  the  present  pastor,  Rev.  A.  K. 
P.  Small. 

The  deacons  have  been  Thomas  Beck,  Edward  Carlton,  Benjamin 
Ilsley,  Alfred  Richardson,  Byron  Greenough,  John  Pearson, 
Nathaniel  Ellsworth,  Mark  Walton,  Judah  Chandler,  J.  W,  Colcord, 
Benjamin  Pratt,  Jonathan  K.  Morse,  J.  H.  Coffin,  J.  B.  Mathews,  J. 
H.  Hanson,  Robert  L.  Morse,  John  Dryden  and  Loren  Beals. 

Seventeen  who  have  been  members  of  this  church  have  become 
ministers;  six  are  foreign  missionaries.  Twenty-five  from  the  society 
went  into  the  army,  more  than  half  of  whom  to  die. 

In  1817  a  Sunday-school  was  established,  supposed  to  be  the  first 
in  the  city,  if  not  in  the  State.  It  has  been  blessed  with  a  con- 
tinuous line  of  faithful  superintendents  and  teachers,  giving  uplifting 
influence  to  many  hundreds. 

The  records  show  that  this  church  very  early  took  a  decided' 
position  in  the  temperance  cause,  which  it  has  constantly  maintained. 

Twenty  years  ago  this  evening,  at  the  close  of  the  National 
holiday,  the  stealthy  fire-fiend  burst  from  all  control,  in  a  rage  that 
beggars  all  description,  making  this  church  and  society  the  center  of 
its  blazing  track  of  desolation,  when  of  all  that  pertained  to  the 
sanctuary  only  a  Bible  and  two  hymn  books  escaped  ;  the  dwellings 
of  pastor,  church  and  society,  all  vanishing  in  flying  cinders.  How 
utterly  cast  down,  but  not  destroyed.  In  three  years,  in  a  new  house, 
the  pastor  in  a  memorial  sermon  said:  "We  desire  with  gratitude  to 
place  it  upon  record,  that  ye  may  tell  it  to  the  generation  following, 
that  '  Hitherto  hath  the  Lord  helped  us,  our  trust  in  Him  as  we  look 
forward  is  unshaken.' "  Who  in  the  darkest  hour  may  not  take  the 
lesson  of  faith  and  hope  ?  Then  from  the  example  of  ten  feeble 
pioneers,  amid  such  discouragment,  the  lesson  of  increased  obli- 
gation when  the  enrolled  membership  is  about  four  hundred. 

We  have  spoken  of  this  church.  Where  is  the  church  that  was 
organized  eighty-five  years  ago  ?  The  last  of  that  number,  Mrs. 
Eleanor  Beck,  passed  from  earth  just  forty  years  ago.  Not  one  of 
that  number,  not  a  child  or  grandchild,  only   a  single  one  of  their. 


122  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

names  is  represented  among  us  today.      Thus  the  church  dies  and 
lives,  and  will  live  beyond  all  death. 


FREE    STREET,    BAPTIST. 

BY    THE    PASTOR    REV.    A.    T.    DUNN. 
"Thou  shalt  call  thy  walls  salvation,  and  thy  gates  praise." — Isaiah  l.v,  i8. 

These  words  describe  the  Prophet's  vision  of  the  Gospel  Church. 
This  truth  is  seen  in  every  Christian  church,  w^hich  fulfils  its 
mission.  The  written  history  of  Free  Street  Church  extends  over 
just  one-half  the  period  of  our  city's  history.  More  or  less  for  some 
years  the  matter  was  being  agitated  among  the  Baptists  of  the  city 
as  to  the  advisability  of  organizing  another  church  to  do  work  in  the 
western  part  of  the  city.  Matters,  however,  took  definite  form  on 
December  21,  1835,  when  the  Federal  Street  Church,  (now  the  First 
Baptist)  adopted  by  unanimous  vote  a  resolution  cordially  approving 
the  movements  of  certain  members  of  that  church  in  purchasing  a 
building  with  the  view  of  organizing  a  second  Baptist  church. 
Several  individuals  had  previously  united  in  the  purchase  of  the 
Portland  Theatre,  with  the  design  of  making  it  a  house  of  religious 
worship. 

January  ir,  1836,  the  Free  Street  Baptist  Society  was  organized, 
and  on  July  18,  1836,  fifty-five  of  the  members  of  the  Federal  Street 
church  were,  at  their  own  request,  dismissed  to  form  the  Free  Street 
Baptist  Church.  Articles  of  faith  and  the  church  covenant  were 
adopted  July  25,  1836.  August  nth  a  council  was  held,  and  it  was 
voted  to  recognize  the  new  church  as  one  regularly  organized,  and 
at  that  time  were  held  services  of  recognition  of  the  church,  and  the 
church  building  was  dedicated.  Nov.  8th  the  church  extended  a  call 
to  Rev.  Thomas  O.  Lincoln,  of  Kennebunk,  to  become  the  pastor, 
which  was  accepted.  This  pastorate  extended  over  a  period  of  four 
years  and  nine  months,  and  was  a  most  auspicious  beginning.  Two 
hundred  were  baptized  and  received  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
church. 

Rev.  Lewis  Colby  was  called  to  the  pastorate  in  February,  1842, 
and  remained  a  faithful  leader  for  two  years  and  four  months. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Eaton  entered  upon  his  work  as  pastor  August  18,  1844, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  123 

and  by  reason  of  ill  health  was  obliged  to  withdraw  after  ten  years 
of  earnest  and  successful  service.  Mr.  Eaton  continued  his 
residence  in  Portland  until  his  death,  September  27,  1856. 

January  25,  1855,  Rev.  George  W.  Bosworth,  d.  d.,  became  the 
pastor.  For  ten  years  and  seven  months  he  served  the  church  most 
faithfully,  and  made  his  influence  felt  for  good  throughout  the  city 
and  the  State.  His  successor  was  Rev.  J.  C.  Stockbridge,  d.  d., 
who  entered  the  service  November  12,  1865,  and  remained  until 
July  7,  1867. 

March  8,  1868,  Rev.  A.  K.  P.  Small,  d.  d.,  commenced  the  work 
of  pastor,  and  continued  in  it  for  more  than  six  years.  It  was  a 
fruitful  pastorate,  and  gives  evidence  of  devotion  and  zeal.  The 
strength  of  his  influence  in  the  city,  as  well  as  his  interest  here,  is 
seen  in  the  fact  that  he  today  serves  as  the  honored  pastor  of  our 
mother  church 

January  31,  1875,  Rev.  James  McWhinnie,  d.  d.,  was  recognized  as 
pastor,  and  retained  in  the  office  for  nine  years  and  nine  months. 
This  pastorate  was  blessed  in  the  increased  strength  of  the  church, 
and  in  the  salvation  of  souls.  More  than  one  hundred  and  ninety 
persons  were  baptized  and  added  to  the  church.  Faithful  service 
was  rewarded.  November  i,  1885,  the  present  pastor  commenced 
his  work. 

During  these  fifty  years  there  have  been  four  years  and  two 
months  when  no  pastor  has  been  in  service,  but  good  organization 
has  prevented  great  loss.  The  following  persons  have  filled  the 
office  of  deacon :  Byron  Greenough,  John  Pearson,  Lewis  J. 
Sturtevant,  Alpheus  Shaw,  Henry  B.  Hart,  Alfred  Haskell,  Joseph 
L.  Kelley,  Charles  Staples,  Jesse  Redlon,  N.  D.  Curtis,  and  tlie 
present  board,  John  C.  Phenix,  Charles  A.  B.  Morse,  and  Thomas 
Lynch.  The  church  has  ever  been  interested  in  the  work  of  missions, 
both  Home  and  Foreign,  and  has  shown  that  interest  by  contributions 
of  both  money  and  men.  Seven  or  more  of  her  sons  are  now  at 
work  for  the  Master,  as  ministers  of  the  Word,  and  others  have  been 
thus  employed. 

The  Sunday-school  has  ever  been  an  important  factor  in  the 
aggressive  forces,  and  good  results  are  apparent.  The  church  has 
always  maintained  the  feature  of  a  family  church,  and  it  is  not  in- 
frequent that  three  generations  are  found  sitting  side  by  side,  and  in 


124  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

the  same  pew  occupied  by  an  earlier  generation.  Persistent, 
faithful  work  has  been  done,  and  gradual,  steady  advance  has  been 
made.  Very  few  years  have  passed  when  none  have  been  added, 
and  there  have  been  very  few  occasions,  when  large  numbers  have 
been  received.  The  additions  have  been  made  quietly  and  gradually. 
Eleven  hundred  and  eighty-nine  persons,  including  the  present 
meml^ership,  have  been  connected  with  the  church,  and  six  hundred 
and  sixty-five  of  them  have  been  baptized.  "  Hitherto  the  Lord 
hath  helped  us." 


FIRST  frp:e  baptist. 

BY  THE  PASTOR,  REV.  J.  M,  LOWDEN, 

"  Hut  the  King  commanded,  and  they  brought  great  stones,  costly  stones,  and 
hewed  stones  to  lay  the  foundation  of  the  house,"  i  Kings  ii,  17. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  sermon  the  pastor  read  the  following 
statistics,  showing  the  origin  and  progress  of  the  church  : 

In  1780,  Rev.  Benjamin  Randall  organized  the  First  Free  Baptist 
Church,  in  New  Durham,  New  Hampshire.  Mr.  Randall  soon 
visited  Maine,  and  during  the  next  ten  years  sixteen  churches  were 
established  in  Cumberland  and  other  counties,  though  we  have  no 
record  that  any  attempt  was  made  to  plant  a  church  of  this  order 
in  Portland  for  many  years. 

Rev.  Elias  Smith,  a  young  Baptist  minister  of  marked  ability  and 
rare  eloquence,  having  been  disowned  by  his  own  denomination  for 
the  views  he  entertained  and  preached  concerning  Calvinism,  made 
a  proposition  to  unite  with  the  Free  Baptists.  From  Mr.  Smith's 
peculiar  notions  of  church  organization  and  government,  or  some 
other  cause,  this  proposition  was  declined,  though  the  relations 
between  himself  and  Free  IJaptists  continued  pleasant  and  fraternal. 
In  the  meantime  Mr.  Smith  continued  to  preach  and  organize 
churches  with  the  simple,  distinctive  name,  "  Christian."  About 
1810,  a  Christian   church  was  organized  by  him  in  Portland. 

For  many  years  Rev.  Samuel  Rand,  who  is  still  remembered  by 
many  of  our  older  people  as  an  able  and  devoted  minister,  served  as 
pastor  and  built  up  a  strong  society.  Free  Baptists  as  they  removed 
to  the  city,  found  in  this  church  a  congenial  home. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  125 

Some  years  after  the  decease  of  Mr.  Rand  the  society  Ih'^.im  to 
decline,  and  in  1843  it  was  decided  to  disorganize  and  dispose  of 
their  church  property  on  the  corner  of  C'asco  and  Cunil)orhind  streets. 

The  late  Joseph  Synionds  and  others,  as  agents  of  the  Viw  \\.\\)- 
tist  Home  Mission  Society,  purchased  the  jjroperty  for  a  nominal 
sum,  and  a  church  of  this  order  was  at  once  formed.  Many  of  the 
members  of  the  old  church  became  members  of  the  new,  it  being 
with  them  more  a  change  of  name  than  otherwise. 

In  1858  a  severe  trial  came  upon  the  church,  which  resulted  linally 
in  breaking  it  up.  A  new  church,  however,  was  soon  formed,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1862,  Rev.  D.  M.  Graham,  d.  n.,  of  New  \'ork,  was 
settled  as  pastor.  With  a  membership  sifted  down  to  less  than  tifty, 
and  embarrassed  with  a  heavy  parish  debt,  he  succeeded,  during  a 
pastorate  of  five  years,  in  building  up  a  good  society.  Revs.  ().  T. 
Moulton,  A.  A.  Smith,  and  Chas.  S.  Perkins  followed  Dr.  (ir.iliani, 
and  their  several  pastorates  were  successful.  Seven  years  ago  Kev. 
J.  M.  Lowden  of  Halifax,  N.  S.,  was  settled  as  pastor,  and  he  still 
continues  his  pastoral  relations  with  marked  success.  He  has  seen  a 
former  church  debt  removed,  and  the  Plymouth  Church  on  Congress 
street  purchased,  where  the  Free  Baptist  Society  now  worships. 

The  congregation  has  steadily  increased  since  removal,  and  the 
church  has  now  a  membership  of  about  three  hundred  and  fifty,  with 
a  large  and  flourishing  Sunday-school  in  charge  of  L.  M.  \\'el)b,  V.s(\. 
It  has  also  among  its  auxiliaries  a  Social  and  Literary  Onild,  and  a 
Young  People's  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor,  both  of  which  are 
doing  excellent  work.  An  auxiliary  to  the  Free  I5aptist  Woman's 
Mission  in  doing  good  service  in  the  cause  of  missions.  It  h.is  under 
its  care  for  the  same  object  a  society  of  young  misses  called  i\u- 
Active  Aids;  also  a  large  and  enthusiastic  Children's  Band.  A  in'jst 
efficient  help  in  the  social  and  financial  interests  of  the  church  is  tlie 
Ladies'  Aid  Society, 

FIRST  UNIVERSALIST  CHURCH. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    RKV.    HENKV    liLANCIIARD,    I>.   D. 

The  pastor,  Rev.  Henry  Blanchard,  made  some  brief  introductory 
remarks,  in  which  he  referred  to  the  sacredness  of  the  day — Sunday 
and  July  4th,      He  then  dwelt  upon  the  condition  of  the  religious 


12G  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

world  in  1786.  Universalism  was  even  then  held  by  a  large  number 
of  Christian  believers,  but  it  was  not  until  April  18,  182 1,  that  the 
First  Universalist  Society  of  Portland  was  organized. 

The  speaker  referred  to  the  early  advocates  of  the  faith,  and 
extolled  their  courage,  their  earnestness,  their  wisdom,  their  power. 
Chief  among  them  were  Hosea  Ballou,  Russell  Streeter,  first  pastor 
of  the  society,  Edward  Turner,  Thomas  Whittemore  and  Sebastian 
Streeter. 

The  first  services  were  held  in  the  "town-house,"  and  there  is  a 
vote  on  record  that  "the  parish  committee  appoint  two  persons  to 
carry  around  the  box  on  Sunday,  and  that  they  be  authorized  to  alter 
the  windows  of  the  town-house  by  permission  of  the  selectmen." 

According  to  the  admirable  paper  prepared  some  time  ago,  at  the 
request  of  the  pastor,  by  Philip  F.  Turner,  Esq.,  clerk  of  the  parish, 
to  whom  the  speaker  felt  himself  greatly  indebted,  the  list  of  pastors 
is  as  follows:  Rev.  Russell  Streeter,  August  11,  182 1,  to  April  18, 
1827  ;  Rev.  John  Bisbee,  June  20,  1828,  to  about  two  years  later, 
when  the  pastorate  was  ended  by  death;  Rev.  W.  J.  Reese,  1829  to 
1831;  Rev.  Menzies  Rayner,  1831  to  1836;  Rev.  D.  D.  Smith,  1836 
to  1840;  Rev.  C.  C.  Burr,  1840 — about  one  year;  Rev.  L.  L.  Sadler, 
1842  to  1847;  Rev.  Russell  Streeter,  1847  to  1853;  Rev.  C.  R.  Moor, 
1853  to  i860;  Rev.  E.  C.  Bolles,  i860  to  1869;  Rev.  W.  E.  Gibbs, 
1869  to  1881  ;  Rev.  Henry  Blanchard,  1882.  Of  the  first  two 
pastors  Hon.  Israel  Wasburn,  jr.,  was  accustomed  to  say  that  the  first 
was  a  St.  Paul,  and  the  second  a  St.  John. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  parish,  April  23d,  it  was  voted  to  purchase  a 
lot  of  land  on  the  corner  of  Back  street  (now  Congress)  and  Pearl. 
The  price  paid  was  $700.  Portland  had  then  8,600  inhabitants.  A 
church  was  erected  on  this  lot,  and  dedicated  Aug.  16,  182 1.  It  was 
destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1866, 

The  Sunday-school  was  established  under  the  ministry  of  the 
second  pastor.  Rev.  John  Bisbee.  Under  the  ministry  of  the  third 
pastor  the  Widows'  Wood  Society  was  formed,  and  on  so  broad  a 
basis  that  today  representatives  from  all  the  churches  are  on  its 
board  of  management. 

The  Samaritan  Association  was  organized  in  1828,  and  is  a  noble 
monument  of  the  philanthropy  of  Mrs.  Bisbee,  wife  of  the  second 
and  saintly  pastor,  John  Bisbee. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  127 

The  third  pastor,  Rev.  Mr.  Reese,  for  whom  a  monument  was 
erected  in  the  Eastern  Cemetery,  died  in  Buflfalo,  ministering  to  the 
cholera  sufferers. 

In  1831  financial  troubles  came,  and  in  the  trying  years  from  183 1 
to  1837 — the  great  years  of  disaster — the  society  suffered  severely. 
For  a  while  the  church  was  closed,  but  meetings  were  held  in  the 
houses  of  the  parishioners.     It  was  re-opened  in  the  year  1840. 

During  these  years  excitement  concerning  slavery  was  intense 
throughout  the  country.  The  following  vote  will  show  something  of 
the  prevailing  feeling:  It  was  recorded  at  the  meeting  of  the  parish 
June  20,  1844,  voted,  "That  our  confidence  in  each  and  every  mem- 
ber of  the  business  committee  of  this  parish  is  full  and  undiminished 
by  any  act  of  their's  since  their  election. 

"That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meeting  that  we  regret  the  action  of 
any  individual  of  this  parish  in  taking  the  key  from  the  sexton  and 
depriving  the  abolition  society  of  the  use  of  the  house  on  the  even- 
ing of  the  loth  inst." 

Mr.  Charles  Fobes  is  the  only  living  member  of  the  parish  com- 
mittee thus  complimented.  The  pastor  referred  in  eulogistic  words 
to  the  character  and  service  of  this  honored  member  of  the  parish,  so 
long  a  constant  attendant  at  the  church,  but  now  confined  at  home 
by  illness. 

Under  the  efficient  ministry  of  Rev.  L.  L.  Sadler,  Rev.  Russell 
Streeter,  in  his  second  pastorate.  Rev.  C.  R.  Moor,  Rev.  E.  C.  Bolles, 
the  church  continued  to  prosper.  In  the  pastorate  of  Mr,,  now  Dr., 
Bolles,  the  need  of  a  larger  church  was  felt,  and  the  present  noble 
edifice  was  built.     The  dedication  took  place  Feb.  15,  1865. 

Rev.  W.  E.  Gibbs,  now  of  Buffalo,  remained  pastor  for  the  long 
period  of  twelve  years  —  a  kind  friend,  a  faithful  pastor.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  present  incumbent.  Rev.  Henry  lilanchard.  Both 
he  and  his  immediate  predecessor  are  graduates  of  Tufts  College  in 
the  class  of  1859.  The  two  deacons,  Charles  S.  Fobes  and  M.  B. 
Coolidge,  and  the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  Mr.  F.  W. 
Hamilton,  are  also  graduates  of  Tufts,  and  there  are  three  other 
graduates  who  are  members  of  the  parish. 

The  whole  number  of  names  of  families  on  the  pastor's  list  is 
about  three  hundred  and  thirty.  The  Sunday-school  has  nearly 
four  hundred  members.     Mr.  Blanchard,  after  giving  these  statistics. 


128  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

spoke  at  length  of  the  great  change  which  had  come  in  the  religious 
opinions  of  the  community  between  the  years  182 1  and  1886.  At 
the  former  date,  Universalists  were  unpopular.  Now  they  are 
respected.  The  whole  world  is  coming  to  their  faith.  He  then 
spoke  of  the  services  rendered  the  church  and  the  faith  by  Hon. 
Israel  Washburn,  jr.,  whose  tablet  has  been  placed  upon  the  wall  of 
the  church.  He  spoke  also  of  the  minister,  and  the  noble  men  and 
women  to  whom  memorial  windows  or  mural  pictures  had  been 
given.  He  then  referred  in  loving  words,  to  the  recent  great  loss 
suffered  by  the  society,  in  the  death  of  William  T.  Small,  the 
secretary  of  the  parish  committee,  the  efficient  planner  and  executor 
of  church  methods,  the  devoted,  noble  co-worker  with  the  pastor. 
In  conclusion,  Mr.  Blanchard  expressed  his  great  gratitude  for  the 
present  great  prosperity  of  the  church.  He  rejoiced  that  bigotry 
is  dead — that  holders  of  different  beliefs  are  willing  to  hear  the 
declarations  of  Universalist  opinions.  He  rejoiced  in  the  unity 
which  had  come  through  work  for  philanthrophic  ends.  The 
ministers  of  the  city  are  united  in  working  for  the  righteousness  of 
God  under  the  leadership  of  Christ.  Workers  for  temperance,  for 
the  Indian,  for  the  fallen,  for  the  boys  of  the  street,  are  all  coming 
together,  and  deed  is  seen  to  be  more  important  than  creed.  The 
twenty-fifth  chapter  of  Matthew  receives  a  new  reading.  A  present 
heaven  is  prayed  for  and  v/orked  for.  He  would  have  his  church 
fill  the  century  from  1886  to  1986,  with  the  fragrance  of  noble 
characters,  and  with  the  works  of  Christian  self-sacrifice.  He  would 
have  the  church  be  truly  "  All  Souls  Church  " — a  church  dedicated 
to  the  glory  of  God,  and  the  service  of  man,  under  the  leadership  of 
Jesus  Christ,  the  Lord  and  Master  and  Saviour  of  men.  So  shall 
we  serve  our  beloved  city;  so  shall  we  help  our  noble  commonwealth 
and  our  beloved  country.  May  those  who  shall  follow  us  and 
celebrate  the  end  of  another  century,  in  1986,  rejoice  in  the  heritage 
which  they  shall  receive  from  us.  For  God  and  Church,  for  home 
and  native  land,  let  us  work  with  will  that  our  city  and  our  country, 
a  hundred  years  from  now,  may  be  great  and  prosperous,  and  holy, 
through  co-working  with  God  and  fellowship  with  Christ.  And  let 
all  the  people  cry  "  Amen !  " 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  129 

SECOND   UNIVERSALIST. 

BY   THE    PASTOR,    REV.    MARION    CROSLEY. 

A  movement  was  begun  in  April,  i860,  to  establish  a  second 
Universalist  church  in  the  City  of  Portland,  and  on  the  twelfth  of 
May  following  a  temporary  organization  was  effected  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  chairman,  clerk  and  a  committee,  to  which  was  assigned 
the  duty  of  securing  a  hall,  and  arranging  for  public  services. 
Meetings  were  held  in  the  first  place  in  Union  hall,  and  the  Rev. 
2^nas  Thompson  was  the  first  pastor.  In  June  of  the  same  year, 
the  congregation  through  an  arrangement  of  the  committee  moved 
into  Mechanics  Hall,  and  the  services  were  conducted  there  for 
a  time.  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson  served  the  society  one  year.  He  was 
followed  by  Harry  Hersey,  of  Tufts  College,  and  Rev.  F.  A. 
Hodsdon  was  sent  to  resume  leadership.  But  on  the  account  of 
the  progress  of  the  war,  the  halls  generally  were  in  use  for  recruiting 
purposes,  and  for  the  quartering  of  soldiers,  so  that  the  young 
movement  was  disturbed  for  want  of  a  place  to  hold  services.  This 
difficulty  together  with  other  discouragements  led  to  a  suspension  of 
effort  in  1864.  This  was  the  end  of  the  first  movement  to  build  up 
a  second  Universalist  church  in  the  city. 

A  second  attempt  was  made  in  the  winter  of  1865.  This  was  when 
the  First  Universalist  Parish  moved  from  the  old  church,  corner  of 
Congress  and  Pearl  streets,  to  their  new  church  on  Congress  square. 
A  few  individuals  friendly  to  the  cause,  seized  the  opportunity, 
purchased  the  Pearl  street  church,  and  commenced  services  anew 
under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  B.  M.  Atwood,  now  d.  d.,  and  continued 
until  the  great  fire,  which  left  the  church  in  ruins,  and  made  desolate 
the  homes  of  many  of  those  connected  with  the  parish.  After  the 
fire  and  upon  due  deliberation  it  was  decided  not  to  rebuild,  but  to 
sell  out  and  dissolve.  A  few  friends,  however,  still  believing  that 
there  was  sufficient  material  for  two  Universalist  churches  in  the  city, 
made  a  purchase  of  the  land,  after  which  the  Pearl  street  society  was 
dissolved. 

A  third  movement  was  then  inaugurated.     A  frame  building  was 

secured  from  the  Methodists  on  Munjoy  Hill,  and  moved  to  present 

site  of  Kavanagh  school,  the  lot  at  that  lime  belonging  to  the  city. 

The  Pearl  street  lot  being  deemed  to  narrow  for  a  full  sized  modern 

9 


130  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

church,  was  sold  for  $5,000,  and  after  much  delay,  discussion  and 
canvass  the  Thomas  lot,  corner  of  Congress  and  India  streets,  was 
secured,  the  majority  of  those  concerned  agreeing  that  was  the  most 
desirable  location  then  to  be  had.  This  purchase  was  effected  in 
the  spring  of  iS6g,  and  the  work  on  the  building  was  in  a  reasonable 
time  begun.  The  corner-stone  was  laid  August  third,  of  the  same 
year,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  and  in  accordance  with  Masonic 
honors  and  usages.  After  many  a  severe  struggle,  numerous 
disappointments  and  reverses,  with  any  amount  of  discouragements, 
the  structure  was  so  far  completed,  as  to  justify  a  dedication,  which 
ceremonies  took  place  in  the  autumn  of  1871.  Previous  to  this 
time.  Rev.  George  W.  Bicknell  had  received  and  accepted  a  call  to 
become  the  pastor  of  the  struggling  society.  He  was  installed  into 
the  pastoral  ofifice,  at  the  same  time  that  the  church  was  set  apart 
to  the  service  of  the  one  God  and  Father  of  all,  There  was  a  large 
■debt  to  begin  with,  too  large  for  the  ability  of  the  friends  to  carry. 
-Although  extra  efforts  were  put  forth  by  parish,  pastor  and  Ladies' 
Aid,  the  debt  would  increase,  and  the  usefulness  of  the  parish 
continued  to  be  greatly  impaired.  The  parish  was  unfortunate  in 
assuming  a  burden  it  could  not  carry  or  throw  off.  After  a  pastorate 
of  seven  years,  Rev.  Mr.  Bicknell  accepted  a  call  to  Philadelphia, 
and  accordingly  resigned  his  charge  in  Portland. 

The  Rev.  C.  A.  Hayden,  then  of  Gardiner,  came  to  the  vacant 
pastorate,  and  began  work,  but  the  debt  had  become  so  large,  that 
the  parish  and  its  friends  were  not  able  to  meet  current  expenses, 
and  pay  the  interest  as  it  piled  up  around  them.  This  state  of 
things  continued  until  February,  1881,  wlien  the  creditors  felt 
obliged  to  close  the  doors  of  the  church,  and  offered  the  property 
for  sale.  The  parish  was  not  inclined  to  bid  for  its  re-purchase.  So 
a  few  individuals,  six  in  number,  still  full  of  faith  in  the  project  of 
establishing  a  second  Universalist  society,  embarked  in  the  enter- 
prise of  getting  the  property  into  their  own  hands,  that  it  might  not 
be  diverted  from  the  cause  for  which  it  had  been  set  apart.  The 
lamented  P^x-Governor  Washburn  encouraged  these  gentlemen  in 
their  efforts,  and  furnished  substantial  aid.  In  October,  1S81,  the 
church  was  secured  by  these  private  parties,  and  soon  thereafter, 
what  had  been  known  as  the  India  Street  Parish  was  dissolved,  and 
thus  endeth  the  third  chapter  of  the  scenes  enacted  to  secure  a 
.second  Universalist  society  in  our  city. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  131 

A  fourth  effort  was  made  in  connection  with  a  new  organization, 
named  the  parish  of  the  Church  of  the  Messiah.  This  new  society 
was  completed  according  to  the  forms  of  law,  October  ii,  1881,  and 
began  its  career  with  an  enthusiasm  that  promised  success  from  the 
very  start.  Under  the  existing  order  of  things,  the  debt  has  steadily 
grown  less.  It  was  at  first  $ro,ooo;  it  is  at  this  date  reduced  to 
$4,100,  with  increasing  facilties  for  its  speedy  extinction. 

The  Rev.  C.  A.  Hayden  was  continued  as  pastor  for  some  t\Vo 
years  under  the  new  organization,  in  connection  with  the  Deering 
parish.  He  was  followed  by  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Kellerman,  who  on 
account  of  ill  health,  served  the  society  for  only  a  few  months.  The 
present  pastorate  w^as  begun  October  i,  1884,  less  than  two  years 
ago.  The  outlook  at  the  present  time  is  encouraging,  and  all  the 
friends  are  full  of  hope.  There  are  something  more  than  one 
hundred  and  fifty  families  claiming  connection  with  the  parish. 
There  is  a  church  membership  of  ninety-three,  and  a  Sabbath-school 
with  nearly  three  hundred  enrolled,  with  an  average  attendance  of 
over  two  hundred. 

The  ladies  of  this  parish  have  the  credit  of  doing  a  vast  amount 
of  hard  work,  and  of  producing  marvelous  financial  results.  It  is 
the  banner  parish  of  the  State  among  the  Protestant  churches,  so 
far  as  known,  in  the  amount  of  money  it  realizes  from  the  work  that 
is  done.  The  way  is  now  made  clear,  it  is  fully  demonstrated,  that 
two  large  and  well  to  do  Universalist  churches  can  exist  in  the 
beautiful,  thriving  and  cultured  City  of  Portland.  And  it  is  also 
made  apparent  in  the  midst  of  this  centennial  celebration,  as  we 
stand  in  the  light  Of  these  last  years  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
that  the  truths  of  the  fatherhood  of  God,  the  brotherhood  of  men, 
and  the  immortality  and  final  blessedness  of  all  souls  are  more 
prevalent  in  the  earth,  than  ever  before. 

IMMACULATE   CONCEPTION,  CATHOLIC. 

BY   THE   BISHOP,    RIGHT    REV.    JAMES    AUG.    HEALV. 

"Let  us  now  praise  men  of  renown  and  our  fathers  in  their  generatiim.  Let  the 
people  show  forth  their  wisdom  and  the  church  declare  their  praise." — Kcclcsias- 
ticus  .xliv. 

While  our  fellow-citizens  are  occupied  in  commemorating  the 
events  of  a  hundred  years  ago  in  this  locality,  it  may  serve  a  useful 


132  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

purpose  for  us  also  to  recall  with  gratitude  and  praise  what  things 
God  has  done  for  His  Church  and  for  us,  its  children,  within  the  same 
period.  Previous  to  the  year  1776,  there  were  Catholics  in  Maine, 
but  not  in  Portland.  At  Norridgewock,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Kennebec  and  Sandy  rivers,  stands  a  monument.  It  commemorates 
the  Rev.  Sebastian  Rasle,  of  the  Order  of  Jesuits.  On  that  beauti- 
ful spot  stood  a  village  of  Catholic  Indians.  Father  Rasle,  after 
thirty  years  of  a  devoted  apostulate,  was  there  murdered  with  many 
of  the  Indians,  and  his  scalp  and  twenty-six  Indian  scalps  were 
carried  in  triumph  through  the  streets  of  Boston.  It  is  needless  to 
explain  the  reason. 

From  the  year  1724,  the  Indians,  driven  to  the  Penobscot,  were 
visited  at  intervals  by  priests  from  Quebec,  There  were  a  few 
Acadians  along  the  St.  John's  River,  bvit  at  that  time  their  territory 
belonged  to  New  Brunswick.  It  was  not  until  1822  that  we  find  any 
number  of  Catholics  in  Portland.  In  that  year  forty-three  Catholics 
of  this  town  requested  the  Bishop  of  Boston  to  send  them  a  priest,  at 
least  for  a  visit.  All  the  Catholics  of  New  England,  and  they  were 
few  in  number,  were  at  that  time  governed  by  the  Rt,  Rev.  John 
Cheverus,  then  Bishop  of  Boston,  afterwards  Cardinal  Archbishop  of 
Bordeaux.  There  were  then  only  four  priests  in  all  New  England, 
and  one  of  them  in  Maine,  the  Rev,  Denis  Ryan,  at  Whitefield, 
Bishop  Cheverus  visited  Portland  in  1822  and  1823.  Father  Ryan 
came  from  time  to  time,  as  also  did  the  Rev,  Father  M'Namee  from 
Boston.  The  second  Bishop  of  Boston,  the  Rt.  Rev.  Benedict 
Joseph  Fenwick,  appointed  as  the  first  pastor  of  Portland  and  East- 
port  the  Rev.  Charles  Ffrench,  a  priest  of  the  Order  of  Preachers, 
a  child  of  the  Warden  of  Galway,  in  Ireland.  He,  with  his  brother 
(neither  over  twelve  years  of  age),  had  been  driven  out  of  their 
father's  house  by  his  own  hand  for  having  attended  a  midnight  mass 
on  Christmas,  contrary  to  the  Protestant  father's  wishes.  One 
brother  died  the  Catholic  Bishop  of  Galway;  the  other,  Charles,  was 
the  first  pastor  of  Portland.  Even  now  the  aged  residents  of  Port- 
land delight  to  tell  of  the  genial  and  gentle  manners  which  made 
Father  Ffrench  a  universal  favorite,  in  spite  of  the  prejudices  of 
those  days. 

In  commencing  his  labors  here,  there  was  little  to  encourage  a 
priest.     In  Portland  no  church;  not  two  hundred  Catholics  in  1827  ; 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  133 

and  from  Portland  to  Eastport,  one  church  in  Whitefield,  anoiher  in 
Damariscotta,  with  small  congregations,  and  the  two  chapels  for  the 
Indians — at  Oldtown,  on  the  Penobscot,  and  at  Pleasant  Point,  on 
the  Passamaquoddy  Bay.  Eastport,  as  well  as  Portland,  owes  its 
first  church  to  the  exertions  of  Father  Ffrench.  The  first  mass  in 
Portland  was  celebrated  on  Fore  street,  in  the  house  of  Nicholas 
Shea.  The  house  stood  between  Exchange  and  Plum  streets. 
When  Bishop  Fenwick  came,  in  1827,  mass  was  celebrated  in  the 
Museum  on  Market  square,  a  hall  now  used  as  a  band  room.  The 
Catholics  of  Portland,  in  1829,  were  not  wealthy  nor  numerous,  but 
"there  were  giants  in  those  days  " — giants  of  courage  and  generosity. 
A  room,  a  hall  of  temporary  occupation,  became  a  burden.  "We 
must  have  a  church,"  was  the  cry.  Few  and  poor  as  they  were,  only 
one  hundred  and  fifty,  and  surrounded  by  a  people  hostile  to  their 
religion,  this  was  their  common  thought  and  desire — a  church. 

In  those  days  it  was  difficult,  almost  dangerous,  to  show  a  kind 
face  or  fair  dealing  to  Catholics.  All  honor  and  gratitude  then  to 
the  memory  of  Mr.  John  Fox  of  Portland,  who  was  just  enough  and 
brave  enough  to  despise  a  feeling  and  conduct  so  unworthy  of 
Americans,  and  to  sell  to  the  Catholics  the  land  on  which  .St. 
Dominic's  church  now  stands,  and  to  enhance  the  sale  by  a  hand- 
some donation.  Commenced  in  1829,  the  little  church,  though  un- 
finished, was  occupied  for  service  in  1830.  In  November  of  that 
year  Bishop  Fenwick  again  visited  Portland,  and,  in  the  unfinished 
church,  administered  confirmation.  But  at  last,  on  August  11,  1833, 
a  day  of  triumph,  the  church  was  dedicated  to  God,  under  the  invo- 
cation of  St.  Dominic,  the  saintly  founder  of  the  order  to  which 
Father  Ffrench  belonged.  The  ceremony  was  not  grand  nor  impos- 
ing. Besides  the  Bishop  and  Father  Ffrench,  there  were  present  only 
two  other  clerg)'men.  Fathers  Wiley  and  M'Namee.  The  Catholics, 
when  they  commenced  their  church,  were  only  one  hundred  and  fifty 
in  number,  and  on  the  day  of  the  dedication  there  were  barely  three 
hundred  all  told. 

The  day  of  dedication  was  August  nth,  a  day  of  sad  memory 
to  the  gentle,  learned,  and  zealous  Bishop  Fenwick.  One  year 
afterwards,  and  on  that  same  day,  a  ruthless  mob  burned  the  Ursuline 
convent,  established  by  him  in  Charlestown,  the  frightened  nuns  and 
their  pupils  fleeing  for  their  lives  in  the  night.      It  was  a  dark  niglit 


13-1:  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

a  dark  page  in  history,  which  we  would  willingly  forget,  more 
especially  on  a  day  like  this.  On  that  same  day  also,  Aug.  ii,  1846, 
the  illustrious  prelate,  who  never  seemed  able  to  forget  that  cruel 
wrong,  yielded  up  his  long-suffering  soul  to  God. 

The  church  once  occupied,  the  regular  ministrations  of  religion 
began,  and  from  that  time  you,  brethren  of  the  laity,  have  also  a 
history  and  an  example  not  to  be  forgotten.  While  Father  Ffrench 
was  oscillating  in  his  missionary  labors  between  the  two  extremities 
of  the  diocese,  the  Catholics  of  Portland  were  often  without  mass  or 
instruction  on  the  Sabbath.  Was  the  day  spent,  as  it  is  now  spent  by 
many,  in  idleness  and  all  its  attendant  consequences  ?  Far  from  it. 
A  printer,  John  Crease  by  name,  a  man  of  earnest  yet  humble  faith, 
inaugurated  the  practice  of  public  prayers  and  appropriate  religious 
reading  to  supply  for  the  absence  of  the  priest  and  the  want  of 
mass.  His  example  and  words,  led  to  the  faith  and  to  a  co-operation 
in  this  work,  a  young  man  of  Acton,  Maine,  Joshua  B.  Young.  The 
latter  in  years  after  was  made  not  only  a  priest,  but  the  first  Bishop 
of  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  yet  he  never  forgot  nor  neglected  the  man 
who  had  been  his  guiding  angel  to  the  faith.  In  his  old  age  John 
Crease  found  a  home  with  his  early  convert.  "  Lovely  and  comely  in 
their  life,  even  in  death  they  were  not  divided." — 2  Kings  i,  23. 

Father  Ffrench  continued  in  charge  of  Portland  until  1839.  He 
was  succeeded  by  several  younger  priests,  such  as  the  Rev.  Patrick 
Flood  in  1839,  K.ev.  Patrick  O'Beirne  in  1841,  Rev.  James  Powers  in 
1844,  Rev.  James  Alaguire  in  1846,  and  John  O'Donnell  in  1850. 
After  the  death  of  Father  Maguire,  which  occurred  in  1850,  Portland 
was  visited  by  several  priests,  such  as  the  Rev.  James  O'Reilly,  from 
Whitefield,  and  the  Rev,  Ambrose  Manahan  and  Rev,  John  M'Cabe 
of  Boston. 

In  1848  the  church  had  been  lengthened  by  thirty  feet.  A 
sanctuary  of  wood  was  subsequently  added.  St.  Dominic's,  under 
the  Rev.  John  0"I)onnell,  continued  to  be  the  only  church  in  Portland 
until  the  appointment  and  arrival  of  the  first  bishop.  At  that  time 
Rev.  Eugene  MuUer  succeeded  Father  O'Donnell  as  pastor,  and 
under  his  administration  the  church,  venerable  for  its  associations, 
was  remodelled,  galleries  were  built  within  and  the  tower  and  spire 
added  without. 

But  now  came  a  new  era  for  Portland,     On  March  25,  1855,  after 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  135 

several  attempts  at  obtaining  a  bishop,  the  Rev.  David  William 
Bacon,  for  many  years  a  distinguished  priest  of  the  Diocese  of  New 
York,  but  resident  as  pastor  in  Brooklyn,  was  consecrated  as  the  first 
Bishop  of  Portland.  The  diocese  comprised  Maine  and  New  Hamp- 
shire. Owing  to  various  difficulties  he  was  not  able  to  come  to 
Portland  until  the  month  of  May.  On  the  31st  of  that  month  he 
was  formally  introduced  and  enthroned  by  the  illustrious  John  Ber- 
nard Fitzpatrick,  Bishop  of  Boston,  to  whose  diocese  Maine  and 
New  Hampshire  had  hitherto  belonged.  Gratefully  do  we  recall  the 
fact  that  Judge  Preble,  who  in  1833  had  entertained  Bishop  Fen  wick 
and  the  clergy  at  the  dedication  of  the  church  of  St.  Dominic,  again 
opened  his  hospitable  doors  to  the  two  bishops  and  clergy  in  1855. 
Peace  to  his  memory !  Henceforward  our  history  in  Portland  is  an 
open  page  to  the  present  generation.  The  new  bishop  soon  infused 
a  new  life  into  the  clergy  and  people. 

In  1850  the  number  of  Catholics  was  only  one  thousand  five 
hundred.  In  1861  there  were  only  three  thousand,  so  that  in  1855 
there  could  not  have  been  more  than  two  thousand,  and  yet  the 
Bishop  in  1856  began  the  acquisition  of  the  present  cathedral 
property;  built  the  cathedral  chapel  on  the  present  location  of  the 
same;  in  1864  he  introduced  the  Sisters  of  Notre  Dame  from  Mon- 
treal for  the  education  of  girls;  on  December  8,  1865,  he  opened  the 
parochial  school  at  St.  Dominic's,  and  on  May  31,  1866,  eleven  years 
after  his  installation,  he  laid  the  corner-stone  of  this  cathedral.  All 
seemed  to  promise  a  happy  increase,  welcomed  by  the  best  wishes 
of  our  fellow-citizens,  when,  on  the  memorable  July  4,  1866,  came 
that  fearful  conflagration,  which  Portland  has  reason  to  remember 
and  deplore.  Of  the  cathedral  property  nothing  was  left.  In  a  few 
hours,  the  chapel,  the  episcopal  residence,  the  Sisters'  house  and 
academy,  with  nearly  all  they  contained,  had  been  consumed. 

It  was  a  day  of  sorrow  for  thousands  in  Portland  ;  a  day  of 
calamity  so  crushing  to  Catholic  interests  that  a  man  of  less  courage 
and  energy  than  the  first  Bishop  of  Portland  would  have  sunk  under 
the  blow.  But  he  knew  no  fear,  and  never  lost  hope.  "  I  can  do  all 
things  in  Him  who  strengthens  me." — •Phil,  iv,  13.  Assembling 
his  people,  first  in  a  shed  on  the  Grand  Trunk  wharf,  then  in  a  shed 
built  where  the  Kavanagh  school  stands,  he  at  once  set  to  work  to 
rebuild   the   cathedral   chapel,    and   such   was  his  energy   that    at 


136  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Christmas  of  the  same  year  the  chapel  was  dedicated,  and  the  new 
residence,  together  with  St.  Aloysius'  school,  on  Congress  street, 
were  ready  for  occupation  before  the  winter's  snow  was  gone.  The 
Sisters  returned,  and  the  schools  were  opened  in  1867,  and  in  April, 
1868,  work  was  resumed  on  the  cathedral. 

The  Bishop  himself  was  foremost  in  soliciting  help  for  his 
cathedral,  both  within  and  without  the  diocese,  and  in  Sept.  8,  1870, 
the  Catholics  of  Portland  witnessed  the  grand  church  ceremony  of 
the  dedication  of  their  cathedral,  under  the  title  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  Mother  of  God.  Eight  prelates 
and  seventy-five  priests  were  present.  The  Rev.  Isaac  T.  Hecker  of 
New  York,  to  whom  the  Catholics  ot  America  owe  so  much,  was  the 
preacher.  Their  fellow-citizens  of  Portland  heartily  sympathized 
with  the  joy  and  pride  of  the  Catholics,  and  all  again  promised  a 
long  rest  to  the  weary  Bishop,  his  clergy  and  his  people,  when  on  the 
very  night  after  the  dedication,  while  the  attendant  visitors  were  con- 
gratulating the  Bishop  on  the  event  of  the  day,  a  fearful  wind 
prostrated  the  lofty  spire  of  the  cathedral.  Fortunately  no  lives 
were  lost. 

The  blow  was  a  cruel  one  to  the  jubilant  prelate  ;  but  again  he 
proved  himself  equal  to  the  emergency,  and  with  renewed  energy  he 
set  to  work  to  repair  the  disaster.  The  ruins  were  rapidly  cleared 
away,  and  very  soon  the  loftiest  spire  of  the  city  crowned  the  finest 
church  in  the  State  of  Maine. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Orphan  Asylum  on  Free  street  was  the  next  enter- 
prise of  the  unwearied  Bishop ;  no,  not  unwearied,  but  still  never 
allowing  himself  a  rest.  His  health  was  already  broken.  For  years 
he  had  been  a  martyr  to  cruel  and  almost  constant  suffering  amount- 
ing to  agony ;  and  yet,  besides  his  physician,  not  even  his  most 
intimate  friends  were  allowed  to  know  that  he  was  suffering.  Under 
these  circumstances  he  undertook  his  last  journey  to  Rome  in  June, 
1874,  in  company  with  his  life-long  friend,  the  late  illustrious  Cardinal 
McCloskey,  Archbishop  of  New  York.  He  was  not  able  to  reach 
Rome.  On  landing  at  Brest,  in  France,  he  entered  a  hospital. 
When  the  Cardinal  returned  from  Rome,  the  dying  Bishop  had  him- 
self carried  on  board  the  same  vessel.  He  was  spared  to  reach  New 
York.  A  votive  altar  in  the  grand  cathedral  of  that  city  was  erected 
by  his  Eminence   in  gratitude   for   that  blessing.      In  a  few  hours 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  137 

after  his  arrival,  on  the  5th  of  November,  1874,  the  zealous  Bishop, 
worn  out  with  labors,  yet  ever  trustful  in  the  God  who  had  sustained 
him,  passed  to  his  reward.  "  Truly  a  prince  and  a  great  man  (died) 
that  day  in  Israel."  2  Kings  iii,  38.  He  had  created  a  Diocese  ;  he 
had  overcome  difficulties,  many  and  in  appearance  insuperable  ;  and 
in  death  he  had  left  to  his  successor  the  grateful  task  of  preserv- 
ing what  was  perfected  and  of  finishing  what  had  been  so  well  begun. 

Of  the  subsequent  history  in  Portland  but  little  need  be  said.  On 
June  2,  1875,  after  twenty-one  years  of  pastoral  labor  in  Boston,  I  was 
consecrated  the  second  Bishop  of  Portland,  and  charged  with  con- 
tinuing the  good  work  begun  by  Bishop  Bacon.  My  labor  has  been 
principally  one  of  organization.  It  has  pleased  the  providence  of 
God  to  give  an  unexpected  success  to  my  efforts.  The  new  Diocese 
of  Manchester,  embracing  all  New  Hampshire,  has  been  cut  off  from 
Maine.  In  Portland  has  been  erected  the  Kavanagh  school,  called 
after  a  benefactress  and  family  of  whom  Maine  is  proud,  and  to  whom 
Portland  should  be  grateful.  The  Convent  School  and  Hospital  for 
Aged  Women  has  been  established  at  Deering ;  the  greater  number 
of  our  orphans  for  health's  sake  have  been  placed  at  Whitefield  ; 
the  new  presbytery  at  St.  Dominic's  procured ;  Calvary  Cemetery 
increased,  regularized,  beautified ;  the  Conferences  of  St.  Vincent  de 
Paul  established  for  the  care  of  the  poor,  and  one-half  of  Little 
Diamond  Island  secured  for  the  future  wants  of  our  orphans.  And 
now  on  this  memorable  day  so  interesting  to  our  country  when  we 
commemorate  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  settlement  of  our 
beautiful  city.  Catholics  have  also  their  particular  history,  and 
especial  reasons  for  gratitude  to  God  and  affection  for  their  fellow- 
citizens. 

In  1822  we  were  43  in  number;  in  1833,300;  in  1861,3,000;  in 
1866  were  6,000,  and  today  we  are  about  9,000.  A  marvellous  and 
reliable  increase  !  Look  back  twenty  years  and  contrast  the  black- 
ened ruins  of  that  day  with  what  you  see  around  you  now.  Remem- 
ber the  trials  and  sacrifices  of  your  predecessors  in  the  faith  ; 
remember  the  kind  feeling,  the  generous  help,  the  cordial  sympathy 
of  our  fellow-citizens,  and  let  us  be  grateful  to  God  and  to  them.  Let 
us  endeavor  to  further  the  common  weal  of  our  State  and  city  by  the 
practice  of  Christian  virtues  and  by  patriotic  devotion.  While  our 
cathedral  and  its  surroundings  are  a  just  cause  of  congratulation  to 


138  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

ourselves  and  to  our  city,  let  our  fellow-citizens  bear  in  mind  that  in 
our  schools  we  have  one  thousand  children,  whose  education  costs 
the  city  nothing.  We  have  likewise  our  Orphan  Asylum  and  Home 
for  Aged  Women,  the  ministry  to  the  poor  by  the  Sisters  of  Mercy 
and  the  Conferences  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul.  Forget  not  what  you 
represent ;  not  simply  this  community  of  Catholics  and  its  history  of 
little  over  half  a  century ;  but  the  Church  of  old,  the  Church  which 
made  Christians  of  the  Abenaki  before  Portland  was  founded  ;  the 
Church  which  came  again  to  these  shores  with  Columbus,  whereupon 
she  had  planted  the  cross  ages  before  by  the  hands  of  her  children  of 
the  North.  We  are  not  of  yesterday  here  or  elsewhere.  As  Catholics 
we  have  a  prior  claim  to  be  here  as  citizens.  We  ask  but  our  just 
and  equal  rights  as  declared  and  secured  by  the  Catholic  colony  of 
Maryland,  the  pioneers  of  liberty  of  conscience  in  America.  This 
glory  belongs  to  them  alone.  We  have  praised  our  fathers  in  the 
faith,  in  their  generation.  Let  us  remember  their  unflinching  faith 
and  earnest  zeal,  when  the  name  of  Catholic  was  like  a  badge  of 
ignominy  in  our  town.  And  now  when  a  brighter  day  has  dawned 
and  a  more  generous  feeling  prevails  toward  that  old,  old  faith 
delivered  to  the  fathers  and  preserved  by  the  children,  let  it  be  our 
main  effort  to  keep  and  transmit  it  in  our  turn  ;  to  show  ourselves 
good  citizens  "  lixving  soberly,  justly,  piously,"  (Titus  ii,  12),  "provid- 
ing, as  the  apostle  tells  us,  good  things  not  only  in  the  sight  of  God, 
but  also  in  the  sight  of  all  men." — Rom.  xii,  17. 


THE    PORTLAND    SOCIETY    OF   THE   NEW   JERUSALEM. 

BY  THE  PASTOR,  REV.  HOWARD  C.  DUNHAM. 
"Ask  now  of  the  davs  tliat  are  past." — Deuteronomy,  iv,  32. 
Our  beloved  city  is  in  the  act  of  celebrating  its  hundredth  birth- 
day. It  is  now  just  a  century  since  this  neck  of  land,  jutting  into 
the  waters  of  Casco  Bay,  on  which  stands  this  beautiful  Forest  City, 
was  for  administrative  purposes  detached  from  the  old  town  of 
Falmouth,  and  incorporated  under  the  name  of  Portland.  One 
hundred  years  in  the  life  of  an  active,  progressive  community 
covers  a  vast  amount  of  local  history.     In  this  respect,  our  city  is  no 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  139 

exception,  and  as  a  prominent,  and  not  unimportant  feature  of  the 
celebration  now  in  progress.  It  is  proposed  to  gather  into  a 
permanent  and  available  form  many  of  the  loose  historic  threads 
running  through  Portland's  life,  during  the  by-gone  century. 

Accordingly,  in  response  to  the  invitation  extended  by  the  centen- 
nial committee,  "  to  the  pastors  of  the  city,  to  prepare  in  the  form 
of  an  historical  discourse,  to  be  delivered  in  their  churches,  on 
Sunday  morning,  July  4th,  a  sketch  of  their  several  societies,"  I 
have  endeavored  to  arrange  in  a  simple  and  concise  form,  the  more 
important  events  in  the  history  of  the  "Portland  Society  of  the  New 
Jerusalem."  The  whole  history  of  this  society,  as  in  fact,  of  all  the 
religious  bodies  in  the  city,  except  two,  is  comprised  in  the  period 
under  review. 

The  doctrine  of  the  New  Church  appear  to  have  been  first  intro- 
duced into  Maine  at  Bath  in  the  year  1805,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jenks, 
the  distinguished  author  of  the  once  popular  Comprehensive 
Commentary,  who,  in  that  year,  came  from  the  neighborhood  of 
Boston,  as  the  pastor  of  a  Congregational  society. 

In  18 1 2,  Mr.  John  Savels,  a  paper  manufacturer,  and  a  full 
receiver  of  the  new  doctrine,  came  to  Gardiner  from  Dorchester, 
Massachussetts.  In  the  early  part  of  the  winter  of  1825,  the 
heavenly  doctrine  first  began  to  be  disseminated  in  Portland.  About 
that  time,  Dr.  Timothy  Little,  of  this  place,  a  man  of  rare  intelligence 
and  an  able  and  leading  physician  and  surgeon,  became  interested 
in  the  doctrine  of  the  New  Church. 

The  first  one  whom  Dr.  Little  succeeded  in  interesting,  was  Dr. 
Albus  Rea,  a  brother  physician. 

Dr.  Rea,  who  had  an  extensive  practice,  and  who  was  gifted  with 
more  than  ordinary  conversational  ability,  was  in  turn,  most  active 
in  spreading  a  knowledge  of  the  doctrine.  Among  those  who 
received  their  first  favorable  impressions  of  the  new  doctrine  from 
him  were  his  mother,  Mrs.  Sarah  Rea,  of  Windham,  one  of  the 
original  members  of  this  society,  Mr.  Andrews,  of  Bridgton,  and 
our  well-known  brother,  Oliver  Gerrish,  still  hale  and  hearty,  and 
retaining  his  faculties  in  wonderful  vigor,  though  now  well  advanced 
on  his  ninety-first  year. 

In  the  summer  of  1826,  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  Little,  these  four 
men,  Dr.    Little,    Dr.  Rea,  Mr.    Oliver   Gerrish   and   Mr.  John   L. 


140  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Megquire  began  to  meet  on  Sabbath  evenings,  at  each  others  houses 
to  read  and  converse  about  the  new  doctrine.  Mr.  Megquire  being 
unmarried,  and  so  having  no  house,  the  meetings  were  held  in 
rotation,  at  the  houses  of  the  other  three.  They  ho\ve\er  did  not 
long  meet  alone.  Others  soon  attended.  Four  young  men,  Abner 
Lowell.  William  Senter,  J.  Champney  were  apprentices  with  Mr. 
Gerrish,  and  Leonard  Whitney.  They  embraced  the  doctrine,  and 
attended  the  conversational  meetings.  These  meetings  continued  to 
be  more  fully  attended,  and  there  was  a  gradual  accession  of 
numbers,  until  it  was  thought  expedient  to  hold  public  meetings. 
Among  those  who  had  become  interested,  we  find  the  names  of 
Marcian  Seavey,  Benjamin  C.  Fernald,  Arthur  M.  Small,  Joshua 
Emery  and  his  son,  our  highly  esteemed  citizen  Daniel  F.  Emery. 
New  Church  books  in  those  days  were  scarce,  and  very  costly,  and 
the  efforts  of  that  little  company  to  obtain  them,  form  a  not 
uninteresting  episode  in  the  history  of  the  church.  Those  early 
receivers  also  met  with  great  opposition  from  the  surrounding 
community,  but  they  were  strong  and  earnest  men,  not  to  be  deterred 
in  what  they  had  undertaken,  from  a  heartfelt  and  rational  conviction 
of  duty.  They  bravely  pushed  on  regardless  of  obstacles.  Until 
1829,  they  went  on  Sunday  mornings  to  the  various  churches,  with 
which  they  had  been  connected,  but  having  determined  to  hold 
Sunday  services  of  their  ow^n,  they  secured  the  vestry  of  the 
Chestnut  Street  Church,  which  then  fronted  on  Cumberland  street, 
where  the  double  brick  house  now  stands  between  Chestnut  and 
Myrtle  streets.  When  we  remember  the  odium  that  attended  the 
new  doctrine,  this  kindly  action  of  a  Methodist  society  in  permitting 
the  use  of  their  building  by  that  little  band  of  New  Church 
worshipers  will  seem  specially  deserving  of  grateful  recognition. 
The  first  public  New  Church  service  in  Portland  was  accordingly 
held  in  the  Cumberland  street  vestry,  of  the  Chestnut  Street 
Methodist  Society  on  a  Sabbath  morning  in  June,  1829,  Dr.  Little 
conducted  the  service  and  read  a  discourse.  Our  esteemed  friend 
and^  brother,  ex-mayor  Senter,  acted  as  usher  or  sexton,  assisted 
possibly  by  the  late  Mr.  Abner  Lowell,  a  name  to  be  affectionately 
cherished  by  this  society.  Of  that  Cumberland  street  congregation 
apart  from  Mr.  Senter,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gerrish  and  Mr.  Daniel  F. 
Emery  are  probably  the  only  surviving  members.     For  two  years  the 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  141 

services  were  continued  by  an  informal  arrangement.  By  common 
consent  Dr.  Little  was  the  leader,  and  he  occasionally  preached 
sermons  of  his  own.  The  society  was  permanently  organized  August 
21,  1831.  Rev.  Thomas  Worcester,  of  Boston  officiated,  and  was 
attended  by  four  of  the  leading  members  of  his  society.  At  its 
institution,  the  Portland  society  numbered  thirteen  members,  twelve 
of  whom  were  then  baptized.  It  may  be  well  to  here  give  the 
names  of  the  original  members.  They  are  Timothy  Little  and 
Elizabeth  his  wife,  Oliver  and  Sacah  Gerrish,  Samuel  and  Pamela 
Coleman,  Albus  Rea,  Ebenezer  Mason,  William  Hunnewell,  Sarah 
Rea,  of  Windham,  and  Misses  Mary  G.  Walker,  Lydia  Sawyer  and 
Martha  Freeman.  This  was  the  year  before  Portland  exchanged 
its  town  government  for  that  of  a  city.  The  population  was  about 
twelve  thousand. 

Between  the  years  183 1  and  1837  the  society  was  occasionally 
visited  by  ministers  of  the  New  Church,  among  wbom  were  Rev. 
Messrs.  Samuel  and  Henry  A.  Worcester,  and  the  Rev.  Warren 
Goddard.  In  the  year  1833  the  Rev.  Henry  A.  Worcester  alternated 
between  Portland,  Bath  and  Gardiner,  preaching  several  Sundays  in 
succession  at  each  place.  The  society  continued  to  worship  in  the 
Cumberland  street  vestry  till  the  summer  of  1836,  when,  being  unable 
to  use  that  longer,  permission  was  granted  them  to  hold  services  in 
the  United  States  court-room,  which  was  then  on  the  corner  of  Con- 
gress and  Myrtle  streets.  In  August  of  that  year  the  parish  was 
incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  with  the  name  of  ''The 
First  New  Jerusalem  Society  of  Portland,"  and  soon  after  land  was 
purchased  on  Congress  street,  nearly  opposite  Locust  street,  on 
which  to  build  a  house  of  worship.  An  edifice  was  erected  in  the 
spring  of  1837,  and  was  dedicated  on  the  26th  of  August  at  the 
second  meeting  of  the  Maine  Association,  the  Rev,  Thomas  Wor- 
cester, of  Boston,  preaching  the  dedicatory  sermon.  Soon  after,  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Pettee,  who  recently  officiated  at  the  installation  of  your 
pastor,  preached  six  Sabbaths.  In  November,  1837,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Akin  Worcester,  cousin  of  Rev.  Thomas  Worcester,  of  IJostoiT,  a 
graduate  of  Yale,  was  engaged  to  preach  for  the  society.  He  was 
afterward  invited  to  become  pastor,  but  did  not  accept,  although  he 
continued  in  the  service  of  the  society  till  his  early  removal  to  the 
Jerusalem  above,  on  the  24th  of  May,  1S41. 


142  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

In  1843  the  Rev.  James  Scott  was  engaged,  and  he  remained  until 
1845,  when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  relinquish  preaching. 
Rev.  Joshua  O.  Cobburn  succeeded  him  for  a  year,  and  the  following 
year  Rev.  T.  D,  Sturtivant  was  minister.  In  1847  the  society  was 
without  a  pastor.  Dr.  Little  was  again  the  leader,  and  occasionally 
Rev.  Mr.  Dike  of  Bath  officiated  for  them.  In  1849  the  society  was 
deprived  of  the  earthly  services  of  its  most  worthy  founder  and 
leader.  Dr.  Timothy  Little.  He  passed  from  earth  on  the  27th  of 
November,  at  the  age  of  seventy-three  years.  He  was  the  son  of 
Paul  Little,  a  silversmith  of  some  celebrity,  who,  before  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  had  his  shop  on  the  corner  of  Middle  and  King  (now 
India)  streets.  He  was  educated  at  Exeter  Academy,  and  probably 
had  Daniel  Webster  as  one  of  his  school-fellows.  Afterwards  he 
studied  for  the  orthodox  ministry  with  Rev.  Mr.  Stone  of  Windham, 
He  was  led  to  relinquish  the  pursuit  of  theology  for  that  of  medicine. 
He  studied  first  with  Dr.  Hubbard  of  South  Berwick,  then  at  Cam- 
bridge and  Boston,  and  finally  at  Dartmouth  College.  For  several 
years  he  practiced  at  New  Gloucester,  and  became  somewhat  noted 
for  his  ability,  insomuch  that  young  men  were  desirous  to  study  with 
him.  Finally  he  came  to  Portland,  and  was  not  long  in  taking  rank 
among  the  leading  physicians  and  surgeons  in  this  metropolis  of  the 
State.  He  was  a  plain,  unassuming  man,  of  few  words  except  when 
some  use  was  to  be  performed  by  what  he  said.  But  he  pos- 
sessed a  strength  and  depth  of  character,  an  originality  of  mind  as 
well  as  a  clearness  and  keenness  of  insight  which  marked  him  among 
his  fellows  as  a  really  great  and  noble  man. 

In  1850  attention  was  directed  to  Mr.  Wm.  B.  Hayden  of  New 
York.  Mr.  Hayden  was  invited  to  Portland  to  lecture,  which  he  did 
with  great  acceptance.  Having  determined  to  enter  the  ministry,  he 
was  invited  to  become  pastor  of  the  society,  which  he  accepted,  and 
was  ordained  at  the  convention  in  Boston  in  June,  185 1,  being  pre- 
sented on  behalf  of  the  Portland  Society  by  Messrs.  Oliver  Gerrish 
and  Henry  H.  Hay, 

In  June,  1854,  the  general  convention  of  the  New  Church  in 
America  met  with  the  Portland  Society  in  Lancaster  Hall,  as  the 
church  was  not  sufficiently  large.  In  1864  j\Ir.  Hayden  resigned  to 
accept  a  call  to  Cincinnati,  but  he  returned  to  Portland  the  following 
year,  and  was  soon  at  work  for  his  former  parish.      The  society  were 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  143 

favored  in  his  absence  with  the  services  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas 
Peckham  Rodman. 

Rev,  Mr.  Hayden  was  hardly  back  when  an  event  occurred  of 
appalling  magnitude.  By  that  terrible  fire  which  took  place  twenty 
years  ago  to-night,  not  only  was  the  church  with  all  its  contents 
burned,  but  every  family  of  the  society,  save  six,  were  suddenly 
deprived  of  house,  home  and  all  their  possessions.  But  the  church 
and  its  work  went  on.  Religious  services  were  held  in  private  par- 
lors, and  afterward  in  the  Park  Street  Church,  which  was  most  kindly 
loaned  Sunday  afternoons  to  the  society. 

In  April,  1867,  the  corner-stone  was  laid  of  the  church  in  which 
we  are  now  assembled.  Anticipating  the  need  of  a  larger  church 
and  in  a  different  quarter  of  the  city,  this  fine  building  spot  was 
purchased  and  presented  to  the  society  by  the  young  people. 

For  several  months  previous  to  coming  into  the  new  church  the 
services  were  held  in  the  Mechanics'  library  room.  This  commodious 
edifice  was  dedicated  Wednesday  afternoon,  April  22,  1868,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Hayden  preaching  the  dedicatory  sermon.  In  1876  Rev.  Mr. 
Hayden  resigned. 

In  the  autumn  of  1877  Mr.  Julian  K.  Smyth  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  this  society.  He  accepted,  and  spent  here  five  years  of 
hard  and  useful  work.  Mr.  Smyth  was  followed  by  the  Rev.  Thomas 
A.  King  of  Baltimore,  who  remained  here  two  years.  The  present 
pastor,  the  Rev.  Howard  C.  Dunham,  came  in  November,  1885,  and 
was  installed  on  the  2d  of  May  of  the  present  year. 

Let  me  in  closing  express  the  fervent  hope  that  a  hundred  years 
hence  when  Portland  celebrates  the  second  centennial  of  her  history 
the  New  Church  will  not  be  represented  by  a  single,  struggling 
organization,  but  that  there  will  be  a  general  and  loving  recognition 
of  that  glorious  city,  which  the  apostle  saw  in  spirit,  descending  from 
God  out  of  heaven,  prepared  as  a  bride  adorned  for  her  husband, 
New  Jerusalem,  the  city  of  the  soul,  the  bride  and  wife  of  the  Lamb. 

SECOND  ADVENT. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    W.    H.    MITCHELL. 

We  will  call  your  attention  to  the  origin  of  this  people  in  this  city. 
Prior  to  the  year  1839  no  such  sect  as  Second  Adventists  was  known 


144  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

in  the  City  of  Portland.  All  of  Second  Adventism  then  was  found 
in  the  then  existing  religious  denominations.  About  this  time 
William  Miller,  a  plain  farmer  of  So.  Hampton,  N.  Y.,  came  to 
Portland  and  began  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  second  coming  of 
Christ,  in  the  Casco  Street  Church,  These  lectures  were  given 
between  the  nth  and  23d  of  March,  1840.  In  1842  Mr.  Miller  gave 
another  course  of  lectures.  This  church  was  then  first  composed  of 
members  from  different  churches.  For  a  time  two  meetings  of  this 
body  were  supported,  one  on  Congress  street  and  the  other  where  we 
now  meet  (at  Union  Hall),  when  it  was  deemed  that  the  two  should 
unite  in  one.  The  church  members  number  one  hundred  and 
eighteen,  and  there  is  an  interesting  Sunday-school.  Five  religious 
meetings  are  held  weekly;  two  preaching  services  are  held  on  each 
Sunday,  and  a  Friday  evening  prayer-meeting  is  held.  The  pastors 
of  the  church  have  been  Brethren  L.  F.  Stockman,  I.  R.  Gates,  L. 
Osier,  O.  R.  Fassett,  N.  Harvey,  B.  B,  Morgan,  R,  R.  York,  E.  A. 
Stockman,  Frank  Burr,  and  the  present  one,  W.  H.  Mitchell. 


HEBREW,   CONGREGATIONAL. 

BY    THE    PRESIDENT,    BARNARD    AARONSON. 

I  beg  to  thank  the  committee  on  Sunday  services,  for  extending 
an  invitation  to  our  church,  to  participate  in  an  historical  discourse 
pertaining  to  the  rise  and  progress  of  religion  during  the  past 
century  in  the  City  of  Portland.  As  president  of  the  "  Hebrew 
Congregation."  "Sharith  Israel"  as  a  devout  follower  of  the  faith, 
and  a  citizen  of  our  city  for  the  past  twenty  years,  I  hope  the 
observations  I  here  note,  may  be  of  some  value  in  records  of  the 
future,  and  awaken  some  interest  in  the  present  amongst  those  who 
have  not  watched  closely  the  movements  of  "Judaism"  in  their 
midst.  A  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  there  was  no  representative  of 
the  Jewish  Church  in  your  city.  In  1866  or  1867,  several  families 
pitched  their  tents  here,  and  who  by  frugal  habits,  honest  efforts 
and  application  to  their  various  vocations,  soon  succeded  in 
accumulating  some  earthly  treasures,  until  today  they  number 
amongst  them  various  merchants  and  professionals,  who  are  rated 
financially,  as  well  as  some  of  our  most  important  citizens. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  145 

The  form  of  religion  is  Orthodox,  and  yet  thoroughly  liberal  in 
thought  and  action.  As  a  class,  the  Portland  "Sons  of  Israel" 
compares  more  than  favorably  with  the  Hebrew  of  other  cities.  He 
willingly  obeys  the  laws  as  prescribed  by  our  city  fathers,  is  anxious 
to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  city  in  his  way,  humble  though  it  may 
be.  I  feel  that  he  may  be  called  a  law  abiding  citizen,  in  all  that 
phrase  implies.  Our  synagogue  at  present,  while  not  elaborate,  is 
impressive,  and  on  Saturday  morning,  our  Sabbath,  service  is  con- 
ducted by  a  competent  rabbi,  and  the  Word  of  God  is  uttered  and 
re-echoed  by  willing  and  earnest  mouths. 

Our  various  holidays  and  fast-days  are  celebrated  with  all  the  care 
and  spiritual  feeling  that  characterizes  our  cosmopolitan  cities, 
with  its  crowded  synagogues  and  inspired  divines.  We  number 
some  sixty  families,  and  over  the  major  portion  being  of  the  middle 
or  poorer  class,  yet  content  with  their  lot,  and  always  ready  and 
willing  to  lend  a  helping  hand  to  the  old  or  infirm,  the  struggling  or 
the  unfortunate. 

I  may  also  say,  we  have  purchased  (some  ten  years  ago)  a  tract 
of  land  in  Cape  Elizabeth,  to  be  used  for  a  burial  plot ;  it  is  kept  in 
good  condition,  so  that  when  the  time  arrives  to  be  called  to  Him, 
the  surviving  ones  can  properly  and  feelingly  place  their  loved  ones  in 
their  final  home,  near  at  hand.  I  hope  I  have  given  utterance  to  no 
fulsome  praise.  I  have  endeavored  to  note  facts,  as  I  have  observed 
and  fully  believe.  I  know  I  can  safely  say  in  behalf  of  my 
co-religionists,  that  our  city  fathers  have  in  the  past  fully  merited 
the  good  will  and  affectionate  esteem  in  which  they  are  held  by  us. 

We  sincerely  hope  nothing  will  occur  in  the  future  to  mar  the 
harmonious  feeling  now  existing  between  the  denominations;  we  are 
all  "branches  of  one  tree."  May  the  next  "centennial  celebration" 
show  as  much  marked  progress  as  the  present  has  over  the  past, 
and  may  our  children  be  proud  of  the  efforts  of  their  fathers  and 
say :     "  In  the  past  we  live." 


10 


146  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

FIRST  EV.VNGELICAL  LUTHERAN  CHURCH. 

1!Y    THE    PASTOR,    GEORGE    A.    T.    RVGH. 

"Then  went  King  David  in  and  sat  before  the  Lord  and  he  said,  wlio  am  I 
U  Lord  (lod?  and  what  is  my  house  that  thou  hast  brought  me  hitlicrto? — ii 
Samuel,  vii,  i8. 

In  1874,  the  Rev.  O.  Jund,  then  of  New  York  City,  visited 
Portland,  and  organized  the  First  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church.  A 
call  was  issued  to  Rev.  N.  EUestad,  who  accepted  and  began  his 
pastoral  work  in  September  of  the  same  year.  The  congregation 
assembled  for  religious  services  in  Mechanics  hall,  and  later  in 
Scandinavian  hall. 

Two  lots  on  Elm  street  were  purchased,  and  church  building  com- 
pleted in  1877.  Rev  Ellestad  labored  assiduously  for  the  gathering 
in  of  the  Scandina\ians,  and  his  pastorate  was  signally  blessed.  In 
the  spring  of  1880  he  resigned.  His  successor  was  the  Rev.  K.  G. 
Faegre,  who  entered  upon  his  duties  in  September,  1880.  During 
his  pastorate,  1883,  the  church  was  formally  dedicated  to  the  service 
of  the  Divine  God.  He  labored  with  zeal  until  July,  1S84,  when 
he  was  compelled,  on  account  of  ill-health,  to  resign. 

September  21,  1884,  the  present  pastor  was  installed.  The 
congregation  has  had  its  share  of  difficulties  to  meet,  one  of  which 
has  been  a  heavy  debt,  this,  however,  is  now  considerably  reduced. 
There  is  now  a  voting  membership  of  one  hundred  and  ten.  The 
congregation  is  composed  principally  of  Danes,  Norwegians,  emigrants 
from  German-Schlesvig,  Holstein,  and  Swedes.  Divine  services  are 
conducted  alternately  in  the  Norwegian  and  English  languages. 


GOSPEL   MISSION. 

V,\    THE    REV.    SAMUEL    F.    PEARSON. 

There  was  no  centennial  sermon  at  this  Mission  July  4th. 
Rev.  Mr.  Pearson  having  closed  his  connection  with  the  same 
on  May  9th.  At  his  request,  the  editor  published  some  statistics  of 
the  work  of  the  Mission,  taken  from  an  address  delivered  by  Mr. 
Pearson  on  Sunday  May  9,  1S86.  The  Mission  was  established  in 
May,   1878,  and  has  continued   prosperous  up  to  the  present  time. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  147 

During  the  past  year,  1885-86,  1,353  visits  have  been  made  upon  the 
sick,  dying,  destitute  and  neglected ;  one  thousand  and  one  hundred 
names  added  to  the  pledge.  Connected  with  the  Mission  are  a 
sewing-circle,  Sunday-school  and  a  children's  temperance  meeting. 
Receipts  for  the  year,  paid,  $2,269.     Payments,  $2,267.45. 

During  the  eight  years  Mr.  Pearson  has  been  connected  with  the 
Mission,  he  has  conducted  5,408  services,  preached  3,744  sermons, 
and  as  a  result  3,200  souls  have  been  forward  to  the  altar  for 
prayers,  over  g,ooo  names  have  been  added  to  the  pledge,  over 
300,000  persons  have  attended  the  services,  many  who  never  attend 
any  other  place  of  worship.  More  than  8,000  pounds  of  provisions 
have  been  distributed,  2,200  pieces  of  wearing  apparel  provided,  and 
about  $2,100  paid  through  the  Mission  for  charity.  Mr.  Pearson 
has  conducted  107  funeral  services,  and  united  91  couples  in  the 
bonds  of  matrimony;  baptized  by  immersion  186  converts.  The 
value  of  this  work  to  the  city  cannot  be  estimated  by  dollars  and 
cents,  for  the  Mission  doors  have  been  open  every  evening  of  the 
year,  thus  offering  to  the  weary,  downcast,  sin-sick  soul  an  oppor- 
tunity to  spend  the  time  surrounded  by  the  best  influences. 


FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH. 

BY    THE    PASTOR,    REV.    J.    R.    GROSSER. 

The  need  of  a  Presbyterian  church  in  this  city  has  been  for  several 
years  very  sensibly  felt  by  Presbyterians  from  Scotland,  North  of 
Ireland  and  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  This  need  became  imperative 
to  them,  as  they  saw  their  kinsmen  rapidly  drifting  into  indifference 
about  religion.  But  how  to  gather  in  these  wandering  "sheep  of  the 
house  of  Israel"  was  the  question  that  remained  unanswered  until 
Rev.  A.  K.  Baird,  Superintendent  of  Missions  in  New  England, 
visited  them  to  consider  the  advisability  of  having  a  church  of  their 
fathers  planted  in  Portland.  As  a  result  of  this  visit  and  meetings 
that  were  held  then,  and  at  subsequent  times,  a  paper  was  drawn  up 
signed  by  sixty-eight  persons,  petitioning  the  Boston  Presbytery  to 
organize  a  Presbyterian  church  in  Portland,  Maine.  After  due 
deliberation  the  Presbytery  sent   a   commission    consisting  of   Rev. 


148  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

C.  C.  Wallace,  d.  d.,  Rev.  V.  A.  Lewis,  and  Elder  Gilchrist,  with 
power,  if  the  way  be  clear  to  organize  a  church.  The  commissioners 
after  visiting  Portland  deemed  it  wise  to  grant  the  request  of  the 
petitioners,  and  on  May  3,  1885,  they  and  the  congregation 
assembled  in  the  Library  hall  of  the  Mechanics  building,  and 
organized  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Portland,  Maine,  with 
twenty-seven  members.  Three  of  this  number,  Messrs.  Kenneth 
McDonald,  Allen  McKinnon  and  Donald  Green  were  elected  ruling 
elders.  The  parish  on  the  seventeenth  of  May  secured  the  services 
of  Rev.  John  R.  Grosser,  of  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York 
City,  as  stated  supply,  and  in  that  capacity  he  has  served  them  since. 
Since  the  organization  of  the  church,  it  has  not  only  labored  for 
the  advancement  of  Christ's  kingdom  in  this  city,  but  has  contributed 
to  the  boards  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  It  has  maintained  a  steady 
growth  until  its  present  membership  is  ninety-two. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  149 


SUNDAY  SKRVICBS   AT  CITY  HALL. 


The  Committee  on  Sunday  Services  prepared  the 
following  programme  for  the  afternoon  services  of  July 
4th: 

1786  PORTLAND'S  1886 

CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION, 


SUN  DA  Y  JUL  Y  4th,  1886, 
AT  CITY  HALL 

Afternoon  Service,  2.30  o'clock. 


Addresses   by   Rev.    Elijah   Kellogg  and  Rev,    Wm.    If.  Fetin,  D.  D. 


Music  by  State  Street  and  First  Parish  Church  Choirs. 
Hermann  Kotzschmar,  Conductor. 


GEORGE  C.  BURGESS,  Esq.,  Presiding. 


ORDER  OF  EXERCISES. 

INTRODUCTION. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor. 

CHURCH  PSALMODY  DURING  THE  CENTURY. 
George  C.  Burgess,  Esq. 

CORONATION. 
[Composed  by  Oliver  Holden,  Mass.,  about  the  year  1786.] 
All  hail  the  power  of  Jesus'  name !  Let  every  kindred,  every,  tribe, 

Let  angels  prostrate  fall :  On  this  terrestrial  ball 

Bring  forth  the  royal  diadem,  To  Him  all  majesty  ascri!)e, 

And  crown  Him  Lord  of  all.  And  crown  Him  Lord  of  all. 

(Sung  by  the  Congregation.) 


150  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

INVOCATION. 

REV.    FRANK   T.    BAYLEY  . 

EASTER  ANTHEM. 
[By  William  Billings,  1770.] 

The  Lord  is  risen  indeed,  Hallelujah. 
Now  is  Christ  risen  from  the  dead, 
And  become  the  first  fruits  of  them  that  slept. 
And  did  he  rise.     Hear,  O  ye  nations. 
Hear  it,  O  ye  dead. 
He  rose,  He  burst   the  bars  of  death. 
And  triumphed  o'er  the  grave. 

Then  I  rose,  then  first  humanity  triumphant  past  the  crystal  ports  of  light! 
And  seized  eternal  youth.     Man  all  immortal,  hail,  Heaven  all  lavish  of  strange 
gifts  to  man. 
Thine  all  the  glory,  man's  the  boundless  bliss. 

(Su/i£-  by  Double  Choir!) 

Mrs.  Nettie  Fellows,  Mrs.  Warren  P.  Chase,  Mrs.  Jetmie  K.  Morrison,  Miss  Etta 

Rice,  Messrs.  Samuel  Thurston,  Will  Stockhridge,  John  B.  Coj-le  and  John 

L.  Shaw.      Mr.  Hermann  Kotzschniar,  Director  and  Organist. 

SHERBURNE. 
[Tune  by  Daniel  Read,  born  in  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  1757.] 

While  shepherds  watched  their  flocks  by  night. 

All  seated  on  the  ground, 
The  Angel  of  the  Lord  came  down, 

And  glory  shone  around. 

{Sicng  by  Choir.) 
SCRIPTURE  READING— 90TH  psalm. 

REV.    HENRY    BLANCHARD. 
MAJESTY. 

[Tune  bj'  "William  Billings,  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  174G.] 

The  Lord  descended  from  above. 

And  bowed  the  heavens  most  high. 
And  underneath  his  feet  he  cast 

The  darkness  of  the  sky. 
On  cherubim  and  seraphim 

P^ill  royally  he  rode. 
And  on  the  wings  of  mighty  winds 

Came  flying  all  abroad. 

{Suivj  by  Choir.) 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  151 

MOUNT  VERNON. 
[Composed  on  the  death  of  Gen.  WashlngUjn  — 1799  —  by  Jcnks.] 

What  solemn  sound  the  air  invades .' 
From  heav'n  the  awful  mandate  flies. 
Where  shall  our  country  turn  her  eye .' 
Our  Friend,  Protector,  Strength  and  Trust, 
Lies  low  and  mouldering  in  the  dust. 
(Su7ig  by  Choir.) 

PRAYER. 

REV.   A.    K.   P.    SMALL,   D.  D. 

RESPONSE— CHANT. 
[By  Lowell  Mason,  born  in  Mansfield,  Mass.,  1792.] 
Thy  will  be  done.  Thy  will  be  done. 

In  devious  way  the  hurrying  stream  of     If  o'er  us  shine  a  gladd'ning  and  prosper- 

life  may  run ;  ous  sun. 

Yet  still  our  grateful  hearts  shall  say  This  prayer  will  make  it  more  divine  — 

Thy  will  be  done.  Thy  will  be  done. 

Thy  will  be  done. 

Though  shrouded  o'er  our  path  with  gloom. 
One  comfort,  one  is  ours,  to  breathe  while  wc  adore. 
Thy  will  be  done. 

ADDRESS  —  Religious  Worship  Early  in  the  Century. 

REV.    ELIJAH    KELLOGG. 

ANTHEM  — JEHOVAH'S  PRAISE. 
[By  John  E.  Gould,  1840.] 

Jehovah's  praise  in  high  immortal  strains 
Resound  ye  heavens  thro'  all  your  blissful  plains. 
His  glorious  power  O  radiant  sun  disjilay 
Far  as  thy  vital  beams  diffuse  the  day. 

Thou  silver  moon  arrayed  in  softer  light. 
Recount  his  wonders  to  the  listening  night. 
Let  all  thy  glittering  train  attendant  wait. 
And  every  star  his  Maker's  name  repeat. 

Ye  glorious  angels,  tune  the  raptured  lay. 
Through  the  fair  mansions  of  eternal  day. 
His  praise  let  all  their  shining  ranks  proclaim, 
And  teach  the  distant  worlds  your  Maker's  name. 
Bright  with  the  splendor  of  his  dazzling  ravs, 
Exalted  realms  of  joy  reflect  his  praise. 


152  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

TALLIS  EVENING  HYMN  SERVICE. 

[By  George  F.  Root,  born  in  Sheffield,  Mass.,  1820.] 

He  that  dwelleth   in  the   secret   place  of  the  most  high,  shall  abide   under  the 

shadow  of  the  Almighty. 
I  will  say  of  the  Lord,  He  is  my  Refuge  and  my  Fortress,  my  God,  in  Him  will  I 

trust. 
He  will  cover  thee  with  his  feathers,  and  under  His  wings  shalt  thou  trust. 

PEABODY. 
[Hy  H.  K.  Oliver,  born  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  1800.) 
My  God!  the  spring  of  all  my  joys,  The  op'ning  heavens  around  me  shine. 

The  life  of  my  delights.  With  beams  of  sacred  bliss. 

The  glory  of  my  brightest  days.  While  Jesus  shows  His  heart  is  mine. 

And  comfort  of  my  nights!  And  whispers  —  I  am  His. 

In  darkest  shades  if  he  appear,  My  soul  would  leave  this  heavy  clay. 

My  dawning  is  begun ;  At  that  transporting  word  ; 

He  is  my  soul's  sweet  morning  star,  Run  up  with  joy  the  shining  way. 

And  He  my  rising  sun.  T'  embrace  my  dearest  Lord. 

THE  BEAUTEOUS  DAY. 
[By  George  F.  Root,  born  in  Slieffleld,  Mass.,  1820.] 
W^e  are  watching,  we  are  waiting,  We  are  watching,  we  are  waiting. 

For  the  bright  prophetic  day,  For  the  beauteous  King  of  day  ! 

When  the  shadows,  weary  shadows,  For  the  chiefest  of  ten  thousand. 

From  the  world  shall  roll  away.  For  the  Light,  the  Truth,  the  Way, 

Refrain  —  We  are  waiting,  etc. 
Refrain. 

We  are  waiting  for  the  morning, 

When  the  beauteous  day  is  dawning; 
W^e  are  waiting  for  the  morning. 

For  the  golden  spires  of  day ; 
Lo  !  He  comes  !  see  the  King  draw  near, 

Zion,  shout,  the  Lord  is  here. 

ADDRESS  —  Religious  Worship  Later  in  the  Century. 

REV.    WILLIAM    H.    FENN,    D.  D. 

DIVINE  LOVE. 
[Chonis  by  John  Knowles  Paine  (of  Harvard  College),  born  in  Portland,  1839.] 

Love  Divine,  all  love  excelling,  Come,  almighty  to  deliver, 

Joy  of  heaven,  to  earth  come  down  !  Let  us  all  thy  life  receive ; 

Fi.x  in  us  thine  humble  dwelling;  Suddenly  return,  and  never. 

All  thy  faithful  mercies  crown:  Never  more  thy  temples  leave: 

Jesus  !  thou  art  all  compassion, —  Thee  we  would  be  always  blessing, 

Pure,  unbounded  love  thou  art ;  Serve  thee  as  thy  hosts  above. 

Visit  us,  with  thy  salvation;  Pray,  and  praise  thee  without  ceasing, 

Enter  every  trembling  heart.  Glory  in  thy  perfect  love. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  153 

SENTENCE. 
[By  Edward  Howe,  jr.  (Organist  New  York  City.)    Bom  in  Portland,  1820.] 

The  Lord  is  in  his  holy  temple,  The   Lord  is  in  his  holy  temple,  let  all  the  earth, 

let  all  the  earth  keep  silence,  before  him. 
Let  all  the  earth,  let  all  the  earth  keep  silence,  keep  silence  before  him,  let  all  the 

earth,  let  all  the  earth  keep  silence,  keep  silence  before  him. 

ANTHEM  — Benedic  Anima  Mea. 
[By  G.  W.  Chadwick,  bom  at  Lowell,  1854.] 

Praise  the  Lord,  O  my  soul !  O  praise  the  Lord  all  ye  his  hosts  ; 

And  all   that  is    within  me  praise   his  Ye  servants  of  his  that  do  his  pleasure. 

holy  name.  O  speak  good  of  the  Lord ; 

Praise  the  Lord,  O  my  soul ;  All  ye  works  of  his,  in  all  places  of  his 
And  forget  not  all  his  benefits.  dominion. 

Who  forgiveth  all  thy  sin ;  Praise  thou  the  Lord  ; 

And  healeth  all  thine  infirmities.  Praise  thou  the  Lord  —  O  my  soul. 

Who  saveth  thy  life  from  destruction;  Glory  be  to  the  Father,  and  to  the  Son; 

And   crowneth    thee   with    mercy   and  And  to  the  Holy  Ghost. 

loving  kindness.  As  it  was  in  the  beginning,  is  now  and 
O  praise  the   Lord,   ye  angels  of  his,         ever  shall  be ; 

ye  that  excel  in  strength ;  World  without  end.  Amen,  Amen. 
Ye  that  fulfill  his  commandment,  and 

hearken  unto  the  voice  of  his  word. 

BENEDICTION. 

REV.   THOMAS    HILL,    D.  D. 

A  portion  of  the  hall  had  been  reserved  for  strangers 
and  invited  guests,  to  which  admittance  was  given  by 
tickets. 

The  City  Hall  was  thronged  long  before  two  o'clock, 
and  at  the  time  for  beginning  the  programme  it  was 
difficult  to  find  standing  room.  The  exercises  were  of 
an  extremely  interesting  character,  and  the  audience 
remained  for  two  hours  and  twenty  minutes  until  their 
conclusion.  City  Clerk  Burgess  presided  gracefully. 
His  paper  on  "Church  Psalmody  During  the  Century," 
was  a  finished  production.  Much  to  the  amusement  of 
his  listeners,  an  old  pitch  pipe,  the  property  of  the  First 
Church  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  was  used  to  sound  the  key 
note  for  " Coronation,"  and  the  hymn  was  "lined  out" 


154  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

by  Mr.  Burgess  and  sung  by  the  audience.  As  each 
new  hymn  was  sung  interesting  facts  in  the  Hfe  of  the 
composer  were  given. 

The  address  of  Rev.  EHjah  Kellogg  was  listened  to 
with  peculiar  interest,  because  he  spoke  from  personal 
recollection.  His  quaint  style  was  as  pleasing  as  ever, 
and  his  anecdotes  very  enjoyable.  At  times  he  was 
fairly  eloquent,  especially  when  referring  to  the  evils  of 
liquor  and  slavery. 

The  address  of  Dr.  Fenn  was  an  elegant  essay,  and 
occupied  thirty  minutes  in  its  delivery.  The  singing 
by  the  double  quartette  was  excellent,  and  several  of  the 
numbers  were  applauded.  The  members  of  the  City 
Government  and  invited  guests  assembled  in  the  Mayor's 
room,  and  promptly  at  2.30  o'clock,  with  Alderman  Marks 
as  marshal,  proceeded  to  the  hall  and  occupied  the  seats 
on  the  platform.  Besides  members  of  the  City  Govern- 
ment, the  following  gentlemen  had  seats  on  the  stage: 

Rev.  John  W.  Chickering,  Mass.  Rev.  John  M.  Lowden. 

Rev.  Henry  S.  Burrage.  Brown  Thurston. 

Rev.  Albion  K.  P.  Small.  Rev.  J.  G.  Wilson. 

Rev.  Frank  T.  Bayley.  Rev.  Sidney  K.  Perkins. 

Rev.  Abicl  H.  Wright.  Rev.  J.  B.  Lapham. 

Rev.  Francis  Southworth.  Rev.  Thomas  Hill. 

Rev.  l>,ra  Tinker.  Rev.  Samuel  F.  Pearson. 

Rev.  Howard  C.  Dunham.  Rev.  J.  C.  llolliway. 

Rev.  Henry  Blanchard.  Samuel  R.  Leavitt. 

Rev.  Israel  Levine.  Edward  A.  Noyes. 

Woodbury  S.  Dana.  Daniel  F.  Applcton,  New  York. 

William  D.  Little.  Joseph  ]5rooks,  Kennebunk. 

Mark  1'.  Pmiery.  Hon.  Henry  L.  Gregg,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

John  M.  Ciould.  Rev.  Samuel  Longfellow,  Cambridge. 

Rev.  Hugh  S.  Carpenter,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  John  H.  McDonough,  lioston. 

Hon.  Horatio  King,  Washington,  D.  C.     Rev.  John  T.  (j.  Nichols,  .Saco. 

Hon.  John  Lynch,  Washington,  D.  C.        Hon.  Isaac  II.  Jack,  St.  John,  N.  B. 

Prof.  Edward  S.  Morse,  Salem.  Hon.  R.  M.  Richardson. 

Hon.  Wm.  W.  Thomas.  Hon.  John  W.  Decring. 

Hon.  William  Sentcr.  Rev.  Henry  P.  Winter. 

Hon.  M.  F.  King.  Rev.  Charles  J.  Clark. 

Henry  H.  Burgess.  Solomon  T.  Corser,  and  others. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  155 

His    Honor,    the    Mayor,    then    rose    and    spoke    as 
follows  : 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : — 

We  are  gathered  here  today  to  inaugurate  the  celebration  of  the 
centennial  anniversary  of  Portland.  Following  the  faith  and  custom 
of  our  fathers,  it  is  especially  fitting  that  our  exercises  should  begin 
upon  this  sacred  day.  First  of  all,  should  we  assemble  reverently,  as 
a  people  in  devout  recognition  and  praise  of  Him,  who  has  graciously 
guided  us  through  all  the  changing  vicissitudes  of  the  past  hundred 
years,  into  our  present  condition  of  moral  welfare  and  prosperity. 
Imbued  with  this  feeling,  let  us  gratefully  dedicate  our  re-union  of 
joy,  as  a  monument  of  love  to  the  all-wise  Giver,  who  has  crownqd 
our  past  with  mercy  and  loving  kindness,  and  vouchsafed  our  future 
in  the  eternal  promises  of  His  word. 

George  C.  Burgess,  Esq.,  read  his  paper  on  "Church 
Psalmody  During  the  Century."     He  said: 

ADDRESS    OF    GEORGE    C.    BURGESS,    ESQ. 

No  history  of  religious  worship  in  Portland  would  be  complete 
without  an  account  of  church  psalmody,  which  forms  so  important 
a  part  of  the  worship  in  our  churches.  Before,  and  at  the  time 
when  Portland,  as  a  part  of  Falmouth,  was  first  settled  in  1723,  the 
cultivation  of  music  was  neglected,  and  the  congregations  throughout 
New  England  were  rarely  able  to  sing  more  than  five  tunes.  Although 
at  first,  music  was  sedulously  cultivated  in  New  England,  and  even 
taught  in  the  college,  yet  in  their  new  homes,  where  all  kinds  of 
care  for  mere  existence  visited  them,  and  troubles,  religious  and 
political  followed  in  rapid  succession,  the  colonists  found  little  time 
to  keep  up  their  scant  knowledge  of  church  music,  and  children 
grew  up  without  knowing  how  to  sing  the  simplest  tune  by  note. 
The  few  melodies  sung  became  corrupted  until  no  two  individuals 
sang  alike.  Every  melody  was  changed  to  suit  the  taste  of  the 
singer,  until  their  psalms  were  uttered  in  a  medley  of  confused  and 
disorderly  noises. 

A  writer  of  that  time  says  of  their  singing,  that  it  sounded  like 
"five   hundred   tunes   roared   out  at  the  same    time,'"  and  so  little 


156  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

attention  was  paid  to  the  time  in  which  a  tune  was  sung,  that  the 
singers  were  often  one  or  two  words  apart,  producing  noises  hideous 
beyond  description,  and  so  drawling,  that  the  same  writer  says  :  "  I 
myself  have  paused  twice  in  one  note  to  take  breath."  The  psalms 
were  sung  in  regular  order,  without  regard  to  the  subject  of  the 
sermon,  and,  long  or  short,  sung  at  one  standing,  so  that  the  longest, 
say  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  lines,  took  a  full  half  hour  in  the 
singing.  (Mr.  Burgess  showed  how  the  tune  was  set,  using  a  pitch 
pipe  one  hundred  years  old.)  Notwithstanding  this,  they  were  sung 
with  the  greatest  devotion,  and  every  hat  was  removed,  and  people 
stood  with  bared  head  whenever  a  psalm  tune  was  sung,  although 
not  a  word  of  the  psalm  itself  was  heard. 

About  this  time  (1723),  however,  a  reformation  began,  and  famous 
divines,  like  John  Cotton,  Thomas  Symes,  Thomas  Prince,  John  and 
Samuel  Danforth,  Cotton  Mather  and  others,  began  a  warfare  for  the 
"regular  way"  of  singing  by  note,  instead  of  the  "usual  way." 
They  met  with  the  fiercest  opposition,  for  the  decline  in  music  had 
been  so  gradual  that  the  very  confusion  and  discord  was  grateful  to 
their  ears,  and  a  melody  sung  in  time  and  tune  was  really  offensive. 

Patriotism  helped  what  a  correct  musical  taste  had  begun,  and  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Revolution,  English  tunes,  like  English  tea,  were 
thrown  overboard,  and  native  music  then  beginning  to  be  performed, 
was  received  with  great  ardor.  Choirs  were  formed  (the  singing 
having  before  been  congregational),  singing  schools  were  organized, 
and  instrumental  music,  heretofore  considered  to  be  a  device  of 
popery,  began  to  be  practiced,  (the  first  organ  was  brought  into  this 
country  in  17 13,  but  so  great  was  the  opposition  to  it  that  it  remained 
seven  months  unpacked),  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  century  whose 
close  we  celebrate  today,  chaos  had  ceased  to  reign  and  music  had 
begun  to  assume  its  proper  place  as  an  expression  of  religious 
thought. 

How  great  the  contrast  to  the  condition  of  musical  art  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic !  While  on  this  side,  preachers  were 
deliberating  whether  it  were  lawful  or  no  to  sing  psalms,  or,  if  lawful, 
whether  tunes  should  be  sung  in  time  and  tune,  on  that  side,  Handel 
and  Bach  had  begun  to  fashion  their  immortal  strains ;  Haydn  had 
written  his  first  symphony,  and  Mozart  was  astonishing  the  European 
musical  world. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  157 

One  curious  custom  long  survived  the  occasion  of  its  origin,  and 
held  its  place  after  the  reform  in  singing  was  firmly  established. 
This  was  the  custom  of  "  lining  out,"  or  the  reading  of  the  psalm  or 
hymn  by  the  clerk,  line  by  line,  for  the  congregation  to  sing.  Having 
its  beginning  when  few  could  read  and  books  were  scarce,  it  was 
maintained  with  vigorous  tenacity  for  years,  because  many  of  the 
congregation  considered  it  a  religious  duty. 

Among  those  who  aided  in  bringing  about  the  reformation  in 
music,  was  Oliver  Holden,  a  carpenter  and  joiner  by  trade,  a  resident 
in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  where  he  died  in  1834.  He  wrote  psalm 
tunes,  anthems  and  odes,  and  published  several  music  books  which 
met  with  great  favor.  Ritter  says  of  some  of  his  more  pretentious 
pieces,  that  he  was  doubtless  a  better  joiner  of  pine  boards  than  of 
fuguing  themes;  however  that  may  be,  his  grand  tune,  "Coronation," 
is  sung  wherever  a  congregation  is  gathered  to  praise  the  Lord.  We 
invite  this  congregation  to  join  with  the  choir  in  singing  ''Corona- 
tion," while  the  clerk  "  lines  out "  the  hymn. 

The  congregation  arose  and  Coronation  was  sung, 
Mr.  Burgess  repeating  a  line  and  the  audience,  under 
the  lead  of  the  choir,  singing  it.  At  its  conclusion 
prayer  was  offered  by  Rev.  Frank  T.  Bayley. 

CORONATION. 
[Composed  by  Oliver  Holden,  Mass.,  about  the  year  1786.] 

All  hail  the  power  of  Jesus  name  1  Let  every  kindred,  every  tribe, 

Let  angels  prostrate  fall:  On  this  terrestrial  ball 

Bring  forth  the  royal  diadem,  To  Him  all  majesty  ascribe, 

And  crown  Him  Lord  of  all.  And  crown  Him  Lord  of  all. 

{SuTig  by  the  Congregation.) 

Mr.  Burgess  then  said: 

To  William  Billings  is  due  the  honor  of  leading  in  the  great 
musical  reforpation.  He  was  born  in  Boston  in  1746,  and  died 
there  in  1800.  He  was  a  tanner  by  trade,  of  an  unprepossessing 
personal  appearance,  eccentric,  smart,  active,  patriotic,  and  withal, 
a  musical  enthusiast.  His  opportunities  for  a  musical  education 
were  very  few,  but  he  made  the  most  of  these,  and  favored  by  the 


158  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

fact  that  his  first  compositions  being  purely  American,  appeared  just 
before  the  Revolution,  and  that  although  he  was  deficient  in  har- 
mony, he  had  a  taste  in  melody  that  caught  the  popular  ear,  and  so 
his  tunes  were  sung  wherever  the  New  England  troops  were  quar- 
tered, and  became  the  folk-songs  of  that  time,  he  was  a  great  power 
in  forming  the  growing  taste  for  better  music.  The  choir  will  sing 
"The  Easter  Anthem,"  by  William  Billings. 

The  choir  then  sung  the  anthem. 

EASTER  ANTHEM. 
[By  Wniiam  Billings,  1770.] 

The  Lord  is  risen  indeed,  Hallelujah. 
Now  is  Christ  risen  from  the  dead, 
And  become  the  first  fruits  of  them  that  slept. 
And  did  he  rise.     Hear,  O  ye  nations. 
Hear  it,  O  ye  dead. 
He  rose.  He  burst  the  bars  of  death, 
And  triumj^hed  o'er  the  grave. 

Then  I  rose.     Then  first  humanity  triumphant  past  the  crystal  ports  of  light. 
And  seized  eternal  youth.     Man  all  immortal,  hail.  Heaven  all  lavish  of    strange 
gifts  to  man. 
Thine  all  the  glory,  man's  the  boundless  bliss. 

(Sung  by  Double  Choir.) 

Mrs.  Nettie  Fellows,  ATrs.  Warren  P.  Chase,  Mrs.  Jennie  K.  Morrison,  Miss  Etta 

Rice,  Messrs.  .Samuel  Thurston,  Will  Stockbridge,  John  B.  Coyle  and  John 

L.  Shaw.     Mr.  Hermann  Kotzschmar,  Director  and  Organist. 

Mr.  Burgess  followed,  saying:  "Daniel  Reed,  born 
at  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  in  1757,  like  Billings  and  Holden, 
was  a  mechanic,  a  comb  manufacturer  at  Hartford, 
Conn.,  being  a  composer  and  teacher  of  music  while  he 
worked  at  his  trade.  If  the  dates  given  by  his 
biographer  are  correct,  he  must  have  published  his  first 
musical  book  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen  years.  His 
principal  compositions  are  simple  psalm  tunes  and 
fugues  suiting  the  fashion  of  the  day.  As  in  the  case 
of   his    predecessors    and    contemporaries,    he  was    an 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  159 

awkward  harmonist.     The  well-known  tune  'Sherburne' 
was  his  composition." 

SHERBURNE. 
[Tune  by  Daniel  Read,  1771.] 
While  shepherds  watched  their  flocks  by  night, 

All  seated  on  the  ground, 
The  angel  of  the  Lord  came  down, 
And  glory  shone  around. 

All  glory  be  to  God  on  high, 

And  to  the  earth  be  peace! 
Good  will  henceforth  from  Heaven  to  men, 

Begin  and  never  cease. 

(Sung  by  Choir.) 

The  90th  psalm  was  read  by  Rev.  Henry  Blanchard; 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  reading  another  song,  composed 
by  Billings,  entitled  "  Majesty,"  was  sung. 

MAJESTY. 
[Tune  by  William  Billings] 
The  Lord  descended  from  above,  He  sat  serene  upon  the  floods. 

And  bowed  the  heavens  most  high,  Their  fury  to  sustain; 

And  underneath  his  feet  he  cast  And  he  as  Sovereign  Lord  and  King 

The  darkness  of  the  sky.  Forevermore  shall  reign. 

On  cherubim  and  seraphim  On  cherubim  and  seraphim 

Full  royally  he  rode.  Full  royally  he  rode. 

And  on  the  wings  of  mighty  winds  And  on  the  wings  of  mighty  winds 

Came  flying  all  abroad.  Came  flying  all  abroad. 

{SuTig  by  Choir.) 

Mr.  Burgess  then  said:  "Stephen  Jenks,  whose  name 
is  found  attached  to  many  hymn  tunes  of  the  earlier 
period,  was  born  at  Ellington,  Conn.,  in  1772,  and 
devoted  his  life  to  music.  His  publications  beginning 
with  'New  England  Harmony,'  in  1800,  were  very  many 
and  in  their  day  popular.  He  died  in  Ohio,  in  1856. 
His  style  of  harmony  characteristic  of  the  time,  is  well 
exemplified  in  the  selection  made  for  today." 

The  choir  sung  the  tune  referred  to. 


160  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

MOUNT  VERNON. 
[Composed  on  the  death  of  Gen.  Washington— 1799— by  Stephen  Jenks.] 
What  solemn  sound  the  air  invades  ? 
From  heav'n  the  awful  mandate  flies. 
Where  shall  our  country  turn  her  eye  ? 
Our  P>iend,  Protector,  Strength  and  Trust, 
Lies  low  and  mouldering  in  the  dust. 
(Sutiff  by  Choir.) 

Mr.  Burgess  continued,  speaking  as  follows: 

At  the  middle  of  our  century,  so  great  a  reaction  against  the 
Billings  school  had  set  in,  and  so  great  was  the  opposition  that  in 
some  of  the  collections  all  American  tunes  were  excluded. 

The  Bridgewater  collection,  so  called,  endorsed  by  the  Handel  and 
Haydn  Association,  was  made  up  entirely  of  tunes  and  anthems, 
taken  from  English  publications.  In  some  localities  the  feeling  run 
so  high  as  almost  to  exclude  music  from  the  churches  altogether. 

Among  the  last  representative  psalm-tune  writers  and  teachers  was 
Lowell  Mason,  born  at  Mansfield,  Mass.,  in  1772,  and  who  stands  a 
central  figure  of  musical  cultivation  from  1826  to  1850,  His  style  of 
composition,  smooth,  flowing  and  highly  religious,  was  largely 
influenced  by  his  study  of  European  composers.  To  him,  more  than 
to  any  one,  is  due  the  introduction  of  music  as  a  branch  of  common 
school  education.  He  published  a  large  number  of  collections  of 
juvenile  music  as  well  as  of  church  and  sacred  music. 

Rev.  A.   K.   P.  Small,  d.  d.,  offered  prayer,  and  the 
choir  then  sung: 

RESPONSE— CHANT. 
[By  Lowell  Mason,  born  in  Mansfield,  Mass.,  1792.] 
Thy  will  be  done.  Thy  will  be  done. 

In  devious  way  the  hurrying  stream  of       If  o'er  us  shine  a  gladd'ning  and  prosper- 

life  may  run  ;  ous  sun, 

Yet  still  our  grateful  hearts  shall  say         This  j^rayer  will  make  it  more  divine — 
Thy  will  be  done.  Thy  will  be  done. 

Thy  will  be  done. 

Though  shrouded  o'er  our  path  with  gloom, 

One  comfort,  one  is  ours,  to  breathe  while  we  adore, 

Thy  will  be  done, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  161 

Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg  was  introduced,  and  delivered  a 
brief  and  eloquent  address  on  "Religious  Worship 
Early  in  the  Century."     He  said: 

REV.  ELIJAH  KELLOGG's   ADDRESS. 

Mr.  Chairman: — 

Having  been  requested  to  offer  some  remarks  in  respect  to  the 
conduct  of  religious  worship  early  in  the  century,  I  would  say  that 
early  impressions  are  the  most  enduring,  and  religious  impressions 
the  most  so  of  all  others,  resulting  from  the  fact  that  they  are  not  so 
much  impressions  as  the  development  of  innate  tendencies  kept 
alive  and  nourished  by  the  intercourse  that  all  men  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent  hold  with  their  Creator.  There  are  none  that  so  resent 
interference  or  are  with  such  difficulty  eradicated.  Though  by  no 
means  one  of  the  good  boys  who  die  young  and  with  little  inclination 
to  acquire  knowledge  from  books  or  by  dint  of  study,  there  were  two 
subjects  that  always  possessed  for  me  a  peculiar  interest  and  attract- 
ion— one  the  employment  by  which  men  obtained  their  bread,  and 
the  other  the  discussion  of  religious  doctrines,  though  utterly  averse 
to  any  personal  application  of  them.  I  recollect  that  when  I  had 
twenty-five  cents  given  me  by  my  father  to  go  to  Sukey  Baker's 
tavern  to  see  an  elephant  (a  rare  sight  in  those  days)  sitting  as 
demure  as  a  mouse  in  my  father's  study  the  greater  part  of  an  after- 
noon listening  to  a  discussion  between  him  and  a  Hopkinsonian 
minister  upon  disinterested  benevolence,  and  which  was  brought  at 
last  to  an  abrupt  termination  in  consequence  of  the  use  by  the 
Hopkinsonian  of  the  following  illustration:  "Suppose,  Brother 
Kellogg,  I  was  walking  over  a  bridge  with  two  ladies,  to  one  of 
whom  I  was  tenderly  attached  and  engaged  to  be  married,  the  other 
an  indifferent  person.  My  particular  friend  is,  I  am  aware,  a  person 
of  ordinary  abilities,  but  the  other  lady  is  possessed  of  great  mental 
powers,  thoroughly  disciplined  and  both  of  them  in  a  state  of  grace. 
The  bridge  breaks  through  and  we  fall  into  the  stream,  I  can  save 
but  one  of  them,  and  in  that  case  it  would  be  my  duty  to  sa\e  the 
more  gifted  person  even  if  I  had  to  leave  my  personal  friend  to 
perish,  because  she  is  able  and  qualified  to  do  more  for  the  glory  of 
God."  My  father  ended  the  discussion  by  rising  and  declaring  that 
11 


162  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

a  man  who  could  cherish,  much  more  propagate,  such  abominable 
sentiments  was  not  fit  to  preach  the  gospel  nor  even  to  live  in  Christ- 
ian society.  The  discussions  and  ways  of  ministers,  their  preaching 
and  modes  of  conducting  worship  at  that  period  are  as  vivid  in  my 
recollection  today  as  then,  and  I  propose  to  turn  it  to  account  in 
complying  with  your  request. 

Religious  worship  at  that  time,  though  modified,  still  retained 
much  of  the  ancient  spirit  and  somewhat  of  the  form.  My  father 
and  the  ministers  of  his  age  formed  the  connecting  link  between  the 
old  and  the  new.  Many  of  the  old  ministers,  who  were  settled  for 
life,  and  wore  the  old  ministerial  wigs,  cocked  hats,  small  clothes  and 
bands,  were  still  preaching,  and  frequently  exchanged  with  my 
father  —  Father  Lancaster  of  Scarborough,  Mr.  Tilton  and  Mr. 
Eaton  of  Harpswell.  Father  Lancaster  would  sometimes  fall  asleep 
in  the  pulpit  while  the  choir  were  singing  the  hymn  before  the 
sermon,  for  he  was  well  stricken  with  years.  Ministers  of  a  later 
date  wore  a  queue  and  powdered  their  hair.  My  father  in  younger 
life  wore  his  hair  long,  and  it  curled  down  his  neck  and  was 
powdered.  He  also  retained  the  bands  for  a  neck  dress.  I  can  just 
recollect  when  he  exchanged  breeches  for  loose  pants.  The  old 
people,  who  were  opposed  to  the  innovation,  called  them  sailor 
trousers,  and  said  they  did  not  become  a  servant  of  God ;  were  got 
up  to  conceal  spindle  shanks,  and  the  deacons  at  the  First  Parish 
retained  them,  and  some  others.  The  sermons  and  prayers  were 
somewhat  curtailed,  even  by  the  old  ministers,  but  weie  still  of 
sufficient  length.  The  hour-glass  was  no  longer  seen  on  the  pulpit, 
but  was  still  used  in  families,  schools,  and  by  the  toll-keeper  at 
Vaughan's  bridge.  The  deacons  in  the  First  Parish  still  sat  before 
the  pulpit,  but  the  practice  of  deaconing  the  hymns  was  given  up. 
Intentions  of  marriage  were  no  longer  cried  in  church  with  the 
addition  that  if  any  person  could  show  cause  why  they  should  not  be 
carried  into  effect,  to  make  it  known,  or  else  forever  to  hold  their 
peace ;  but  publishments  were  posted  in  the  porch  of  the  meeting- 
house for  all  to  read.  Much  importance  was  attached  to  singing  and 
was  always  performed  by  a  full  choir,  as  loud  noise  was  by  our  fore- 
fathers deemed  essential  in  public  worship.  At  first  there  was  no 
instrument  except  the  bass  viol.  The  chorister,  conscious  of  the 
dignity  of  his  office,  would  rise  with  a  solemn  air,  run  up  the  scale, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  163 

beating  time  with  his  hand,  and  lift  the  tune.  My  father,  who  had 
been  drum  major  in  the  Continental  army,  and  was  extremely  fond 
of  instrumental  music,  introduced  the  cornet  and  the  clarinet,  in 
addition  to  the  bass  viol,  into  the  Second  Parish  choir.  He  likewise 
persuaded  Mr.  Edward  Howe,  of  Groton,  Mass.,  to  come  and  set  up 
business  in  Portland  on  account  of  his  musical  talent,  and  assisted 
him  all  he  could,  and  he  led  the  choir  of  the  Second  Parish  for  many 
years,  keeping  up  with  the  progress  of  the  times.  Difficulties  in 
church  choirs  were  as  prevalent  then  as  now.  At  one  time  the  first 
hymn  was  read,  but  there  was  no  response  from  the  choir.  My 
father  who  was  a  good  singer  immediately  read  the  hymn,  "Let 
those  refuse  to  sing  who  never  knew  our  God,"  etc.,  led  off  himself, 
the  church  and  congregation  joined  in.  When  the  next  hymn  was 
read  the  choir  concluded  to  sing. 

There  was  no  fire  in  the  meeting-houses.  The  women  carried 
foot  stoves  that  contained  an  iron  dish  filled  with  hot  coals.  The 
sexton  was  bound  by  written  contract  to  keep  a  good  rock  maple 
wood  fire  on  the  Sabbath  in  order  that  the  people  might  have  good 
coals  to  fill  their  foot  stoves  in  the  morning  and  replenish  them 
between  meetings.  Children  suffered  the  most  from  cold  feet  and 
would  often  cry  with  cold.  I  used  to  run  my  legs  to  the  knees  into 
mother's  muff  and  get  my  feet  on  her  foot  stove  and  long  for  services 
to  be  done.  My  father  used  to  say  that  when  he  could  hear  people 
all  over  the  house  striking  their  feet  together  to  quicken  the  circula- 
tion he  felt  it  was  time  to  stop  preaching,  and  indeed  seldom  preached 
more  than  forty  minutes  and  often  less.  But  of  the  old  ministers 
who  exchanged  with  him,  many  of  the  later  ones,  had  a  method  of 
dividing  their  sermons  that  to  a  boy  with  cold  feet  was  extremely 
tantalizing.  They  would  have  six,  eight  and  often  ten  heads  of 
discourse  after  which  came  the  improvement,  the  most  excruciating 
of  all.  After  a  long  time  occupied  in  the  application  of  what  had 
preceded  the  minister  would  say  lastly.  Then  all  the  younger  por- 
tion of  the  audience  would  prick  up  their  ears  and  handle  their 
mittens  in  expectation  of  the  close,  but  after  this  would  come  finally, 
and  on  the  heels  of  finally,  to  conclude,  and  after  conclude,  in  short. 
There  was  no  Sabbath-school;  religious  instruction  was  in  former 
days  given  to  the  children  by  means  of  the  Westminster  catechism. 


164  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

that  was  taught  to  children  by  their  parents,  and  at  stated  times  in 
the  year  the  ministers  were  accustomed  to  assemble  all  the  children 
of  the  parish  and  catechise  them.  Parents  who  were  not  religious 
equally  with  others  taught  their  children  the  catechism  that  they 
might  be  able  to  answer  the  questions  of  the  ministers  and  appear  as 
well  as  their  companions.  This  method  of  instruction  had  fallen  in 
a  measure  into  disuse,  and  though  Sabbath-schools  had  been  substi- 
tuted to  take  its  place  they  were  not  cherished  as  at  present,  nor 
were  they  conducted  as  at  present.  No  pains  were  taken  to  render 
them  attractive.  Some  parents  held  on  to  both  upon  the  principle 
that  there  never  could  be  too  much  of  a  good  thing.  They  had 
little  hold  upon  the  hearts  of  the  ministers  or  the  church  and  were 
generally  taught  outside.  The  first  Sabbath-school  I  attended  was 
held  in  a  school-house  that  stood  on  the  northeastern  side  of  State 
street  on  a  vacant  lot.  The  late  Mr.  Gaboon  was  my  teacher.  The 
New  Testament  was  the  text  book.  Children  committed  hymns  but 
took  no  part  in  singing. 

There  was  a  vein  of  austerity  running  through  the  relations  that 
existed  between  parents  and  children.  They  were  neither  fondled 
nor  pampered,  but  taught  self-denial,  to  obey  their  parents  and 
reverence  old  age.  In  many  families  the  children  ate  at  a  side  table, 
as  they  were  not  supposed  to  be  fitted  by  age  or  development  to 
associate  with  their  elders. 

In  the  province  of  labor  there  w^as  no  special  adaptation  of  the 
implements  of  labor  to  the  physical  strength  of  children,  nor  in 
matters  of  education  any  adaptation  of  studies  or  methods  of  teach- 
ing to  their  mental  wants  as  at  present,  but  children  and  youths  used 
to  a  large  extent  the  tools  and  books  of  their  elders  or  waited  till 
they  grew  up  to  them  Thus,  in  matters  of  religion,  immediate  effect 
was  not  expected,  either  in  relation  to  children  or  adults.  It  was 
not  expected  that  a  person  would  be  converted  till  he  was  married 
and  settled  in  life. 

The  question  will  naturally  arise  in  the  minds  of  many,  what  was 
the  result  of  such  a  mode  and  spirit  of  worship  as  to  the  promotion 
of  vital  godliness  and  the  conversion  of  souls.  I  reply,  there  was 
but  little  fruit.  The  preaching  was  mostly  argumentative  and  con- 
troversial,   or  political — the  conic  sections  of   godliness.     Ministers 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  1G5 

seemed  to  feel  that  their  responsibility  ended  when  they  had  faith- 
fully preached  the  truth  and  kept  back  nothing,  and  church  members, 
when  they  attended  the  ordinances  and  kept  the  faith. 

The  first  great  change  for  the  better  in  this  state  of  affairs  was 
caused  by  the  embargo  which  crushed  for  a  season  and  well  nigh 
exterminated  the  business  interests  of  Portland.  It  taught  those 
who  had  become  giddy  with  more  than  twenty  years  of  unexampled 
prosperity  to  reflection.  In  proportion,  as  their  prospects  in  this  life 
were  blighted,  they  directed  their  attention  to  the  attainment  of  more 
durable  riches.  The  ministers  of  the  gospel,  of  all  denominations, 
took  advantage  of  the  changed  condition  of  thought  and  there  was 
a  great  revival  of  religious  interest  throughout  New  England. 
Edward  Payson,  who  was  then  in  the  prime  of  life  and  colleague 
with  my  father,  exerted  himself  to  an  extent  that  consigned  him  to 
an  early  grave  and  there  was  during  his  ministry  a  constant  revival. 
Instead  of  fate,  free-will,  fore-knowledge,  absolute  free-will,  etc., 
people  began  to  hear  of  Christ  and  Him  crucified  and  the  still  small 
voice  of  the  spirit  and  the  danger  of  delay.  The  eyes  of  men, 
stirred  to  a  new  life,  were  now  opened  to  perceive  the  great  obstacles 
to  the  progress  of  religion  and  morality. 

The  drinking  customs  of  the  day  that  had  now  reached  a  fearful 
extent,  and  African  slavery  and  the  discussions,  caused  a  shaking  of 
many  dry  bones  seldom  equaled,  for  conscience,  self-interest  and  the 
law  of  God  were  pitted  against  each  other.  The  main  shaft  that 
carried  the  wheels  of  business  in  Portland  was  the  lumber  trade, 
which  consisted  in  transporting  lumber  to  the  West  Indies,  bartering 
it  for  molasses,  a  large  portion  of  which  was  made  into  rum  that 
went  all  over  the  country.  There  was  new  rum  for  poor  people,  and 
West  India  rum  for  those  in  better  circumstances.  I  have  seen  my 
mother,  as  often  as  Parson  Lancaster  exchanged  with  my  father,  mix 
Holland  gin  and  loaf  sugar  and  warm  it  for  him  before  he  went  into 
the  pulpit  and  after  he  came  out,  I  once  went  with  my  father  to  a 
funeral  in  Beaver  (now  Brown)  street,  and  liquor  in  a  decanter  was 
set  on  the  coffin  and  glasses.  At  1 1  o'clock  the  bell  rang,  the  masons 
came  down  from  the  ladders,  the  joiners  dropped  their  tools,  and  all 
partook  of  rum,  salt  fish  and  crackers.  This  great  obstacle,  in  a 
measure  taken  out  of  the  way,  led  to  the  development  of  a  spirit  of 
Christian  enterprise  that  I  leave  to  abler  hands  to  describe. 


IGG  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Kellogg's  address,  Mr.  Burgess 
said : 

John  Edgar  Gould  was  born  in  Bangor,  Me.,  April  15,  1820.  He 
was  an  excellent  musician,  pianist,  organist  and  teacher;  a  composer 
of  hymn  tunes,  antliems,  chants,  &:c.  He  was  a  decidedly  religious 
character,  and  he  devoted  his  talents  to  the  promotion  of  Christian 
devotion  and  worship.  His  collections,  "Modern  Harp"  and 
"  Songs  of  Gladness,"  show  his  devotional  spirit.  He  died  in 
Algiers,  Africa,  Feb.  13,  1875,  whither  he  had  gone  for  his  health. 

The  following  anthem  was  then  sung  by  the  choir: 

ANTHEM  —  JEHOVAH'S  PRAISE. 
[By  John  E.  Gould,  184G.] 
Jehovah's  praise  in  high  immortal  strains 
Resound  ye  heavens  thro'  all  your  blissful  plains. 
His  glorious  power  O  radiant  sun  display 
Far  as  thy  vital  beams  diffuse  the  day. 

Thou  silver  moon  arrayed  in  softer  light, 
Recount  his  wonders  to  the  listening  night. 
Let  all  thy  glittering  train  attendant  wait, 
And  every  star  his  Maker's  name  repeat. 

Yc  glorious  angels,  tune  the  raptured  lay, 
Through  the  fair  mansions  of  eternal  day. 
His  praise  let  all  their  shining  ranks  proclaim, 
And  teach  the  distant  worlds  your  Maker's  name. 
ISright  with  the  splendor  of  his  dazzling  rays, 
Exalted  realms  of  joy  reflect  his  praise. 

Mr.  Burgess  then  referred  to  another  composer,  as 
follows : 

George  F.  Root,  born  at  Sheffield,  Mass.,  in  1820,  has  been  for 
many  years  a  composer  of  hymn  tunes,  anthems,  cantatas,  etc.  His 
works  have  met  the  popular  taste,  and  his  collections,  both  of  sacred 
and  secular  music,  are  widely  known.  His  style  shows  the  growing 
influence  of  foreign  composers. 

TALLTS  EVENING  HYMN  SERVICE. 

[By  (iforjie  F.  Root,  born  in  Sheffield,  Mass.,  1820.] 

He  that  dwelleth   in   the   secret  place  of  the  most  high,  shall  abide   under  the 

shadow  of  the  Almightv. 
I  will  say  of  the  Lord,  He  is  my  Refuge  and  my  Fortress,  my  God,  in  Him  will  I 

trust. 
He  will  cover  thee  with  his  feathers,  and  under  liis  wings  shalt  thou  trust. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  167 

When  the  singing  of  the  above  hymn  was  concluded 
Mr.  Burgess  said: 

Henry  K.  Oliver,  born  at  Beverly,  Mass.,  in  1800,  and  who  has 
recently  died,  was  an  ardent  lover  of  music  for  its  own  sake.  He 
was  an  active  member  and  promoter  of  musical  societies  from  his 
boyhood  to  the  end  of  a  long  life.  He  says  of  himself:  "Not  a 
musician  by  education,  I  have  acquired  my  limited  knowledge  of  the 
art  by  personal  study,  reading  and  practice,  unaided  by  professional 
instruction.  An  earnest  lover  of  sacred  music,  I  have  made  that 
department  a  specialty,  and  hope  that  my  small  contributions  may 
aid  in  the  praise  service  of  God,  both  at  church  and  at  home," 

PEABODY. 
[By  H.  K.  Oliver,  born  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  1800.) 
My  God !  the  spring  of  all  my  joys,  The  op'ning  heavens  around  me  shine, 

The  life  of  my  delights,  With  beams  of  sacred  bliss, 

The  glory  of  my  brightest  days,  W^hile  Jesus  shows  His  heart  is  mine, 

And  comfort  of  my  nights!  And  whispers  —  I  am  His. 

In  darkest  shades  if  he  appear,  My  soul  would  leave  this  heavy  clay, 

My  dawning  is  begun  ;  At  that  transporting  word  ; 

He  is  my  soul's  sweet  morning  star.  Run  up  with  joy  the  shining  way, 

And  He  my  rising  sun.  T'  embrace  my  dearest  Lord. 

After  this  selection  was  sung,  the  beautiful  hymn  by 
George  F.  Root,  entitled  "  The  Beauteous  Day,"  was 
given  with  much  expression  by  the  choir: 

THE  BEAUTEOUS  DAY. 
[By  George  F.  Root,  bom  in  Sheffield,  Mass.,  1820.] 
We  are  watching,  we  are  waiting,  We  are  watching,  we  are  waiting. 

For  the  bright  prophetic  day,  For  the  beauteous  King  of  day  ! 

When  the  shadows,  weary  shadows.  For  the  chiefest  of  ten  thousand, 

From  the  world  shall  roll  away.  For  the  Light,  the  Truth,  the  Way. 

Refrain  —  We  are  waiting,  etc. 
Refrain. 
We  are  waiting  for  the  morning, 

When  the  beauteous  day  is  dawning  ; 
We  are  waiting  for  the  morning, 
For  the  golden  spires  of  day ; 
Lo !  He  comes  !  see  the  King  draw  near, 
Zion,  shout,  the  Lord  is  here. 


168  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Rev.  William  H.  Fenn,  d.d.,  then  delivered  an  address 
on  "  Religious  Worship  Later  in  the  Century."  He 
said: 

MR.    FENN'S    address. 

(i.)  The  first  change  which  we  note  as  characterizing  this  the 
latter  part  of  the  century,  is  from  a  simple  to  a  more  aesthetic  worship. 
If  one  of  those  who  fell  asleep  a  hundred  years  ago  in  Portland  could 
now  revisit  the  scene  of  his  labors,  I  am  sure  it  would  be  difficult  for 
him  to  find  himself  or  his  way  through  the  new  city.  What  with  the 
natural  decay  of  the  old  buildings,  the  vast  wreck  wrought  by  the 
late  fire,  and  the  construction  of  new  dwellings,  old  associations  would 
be  rudely  shocked,  the  sense  of  locality  be  at  its  wit's  ends.  Where 
is  this  and  that  old  landmark?  he  would  inquire  with  mournful  mien. 
But  if  memory  and  imagination  would  be  puzzled  to  adjust  themselves 
to  the  grosser  features  of  the  change,  how  much  more  to  the  great 
public  institutions,  banks,  insurance  offices,  the  increased  population, 
school-houses,  stores,  the  busy  streets,  the  scale  on  which  things  are 
done,  the  rush  and  hurry  of  modern  life,  the  outlandish  vehicles,  the 
odd  dresses.  If  the  day,  however,  happened  to  be  Sunday,  he  would 
be  even  more  surprised  by  the  difference  with  which  holy  time  was 
spent  and  the  afternoons  beguiled.  Instead  of  the  bare  meeting- 
house he  would  find  the  people  gathering  within  the  walls  of  a 
structure  mediaeval  in  its  type  and  associations.  The  interior,  no 
longer  in  bold  and  glaring  white,  is  softened  with  mellow  tones. 
The  windows  "richly  dight,  casting  a  dim,  religious  light."  The 
high  old  pulpit  with  its  holy  spiral  stairs  is  laid  low,  reduced  to  an 
open  stand  on  a  platform.  Instead  of  the  divine  attraction  which 
gathered  the  officers  and  people  close  about  it,  is  a  feverish  anxiety 
to  recede  from  it, — ^a  grace  operating  quite  strong  enough,  though  it 
operates  inversely  as  the  square  of  the  distance.  There  is  no  longer 
the  same  sort  of  solemnity  upon  the  face  of  the  congregation,  nor  the 
same  uniformity  of  posture  in  prayer  or  in  praise.  They  no  longer 
fiddle  and  sing  the  hymns  of  a  selection.  In  the  room  of  the  pitch- 
pipe  or  bass  viol,  is  that  noble  congregation  of  giant  reeds,  whose 
pedal  is  the  very  voice  of  many  waters.  Would  he  believe  his  ears 
when  he  heard  the  Lord's  Prayer  repeated  in  concert,  the  re- 
sponsive reading  of  the  Psalms  and  other  liturgical  exercises  long 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  1G9 

under  the  ban  ?  And  then,  on  other  days,  how  would  he  be  amazed 
at  the  departures  from  venerable  usage  in  matters  pertaining  to  the 
religious  life?  Instead  of  the  annual  Fast,  how  would  he  abominate 
the  wicked  Sunday  or  rather  holiday  which  we  have  made  of  it. 
How  would  his  vitals  creep  within  him  at  the  widespread  observance 
of  Easter,  the  animated  church-yard  of  memorial  flowers,  and  the 
wild  chatter  of  caged  canaries,  or  the  universal  enjoyment  of  Christ- 
mas, when  all  the  world  becomes  a  child  again.  With  all  these 
changes  in  the  customs  of  religious  life  and  worship  you  will  yet  find 
many  permanent  elements  of  old  time  principle. 

(2.)  Another  notable  change  is  from  a  dogmatic  apprehension  of 
Christianity  to  one  which  looks  at  it  more  as  life.  Supreme  venera- 
tion in  our  age  is  paid  to  fact ;  specially  fact  as  against  dogma.  The 
creeds  as  such  ^e  being  simplified  and  on  the  basis  of  the  Apostles' 
creed.  You  will  observe  in  modern  preaching  the  receding  of  God 
the  Father,  or  rather  of  the  abstract  God  in  favor  of  the  concrete  God- 
man.  This  will  explain  another  remarkable  matter,  how  Christianity 
has  changed  from  being  a  religion  of  the  future  into  a  this  world- 
religion.  Fifty  years  ago,  the  house  of  God  was  transfigured  with 
sermons  on  Heaven,  graphic  and  ravishing,  now  it  would  seem  as  if 
the  heavens  had  gone  far  off  and  become  astronomical.  Observe 
the  peculiar  want  of  responsiveness  on  the  part  of  the  ordinarj- 
hearer  to  matters  of  the  future  life.  He  listens,  but  he  will  not 
kindle. 

Stand  by  the  bedside  of  the  invalid  or  dying  Christian.  He  does 
not  waver  concerning  salvation  here  and  now,  he  is  consistent,  con- 
scientious, lest  he  murmur  and  fail  of  patience,  but  faith  that  is 
ardent,  faith  that  bounds  up  and  soars  after  Christ,  how  rare! 

Certainly  this  predominating  estimate  put  upon  fact,  underlies  the 
Christian  spirit  of  the  time  too,  as  constituting  it  the  practical  age. 
There  is  plenty  of  pressing  work  to  do,  hence  its  earnest  thrusting 
aside  of  a  strife  about  words  to  no  profit. 

(3.)  Another  change  is  from  a  more  defined  to  a  more  mystical 
conception  of  the  greater  facts  in  religion.  We  are  not  to  press 
distinctions  absolutely,  but  fifty  years  ago,  the  fathers  were  more 
inclined  to  speak  of  God  as  outside  of  his  universe,  turning  the 
world  around  with  his  finger.  Today  the  universe  is  more  like  a 
flower  opening  from  within,  and  God  is  the  life  of  its  life.     It  does 


170  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

not  express  to  us  the  whole  truth  to  say  that  the  firmament  shows  his 
handiwork.     God  inter-penetrates  the  whole. 

Too  often  our  elder  brethren  misgave  themselves  for  joy  in  things 
visible  as  though  idolatry  lurked  in  their  deadly  fascination,  but  we 
defy  the  charm  by  opening  God  at  their  heart. 

Hermit  religion  is  spindling  and  stalky  like  wheat  grown  in  the 
shade.  Degradation  overtakes  religion  when  not  in  close  contact 
with  every  day  life.  It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  this  broad  church 
tendency  may  be  carried  to  extremes  and  lose  itself  in  the  world- 
spirit  of  which  St.  John  speaks  in  his  Epistles.  But  to  us  the 
indwelling  spirit  consecrates  and  sanctifies  the  whole  of  human  life, 
its  customs,  laws,  its  battles,  business.  The  close  relation  which  the 
theology  of  today  finds  between  God  and  human  life,  it  discovers 
also  between  God  and  the  human  soul.  Our  ancestors  were  wont  to 
define  sharply  the  natural  from  the  supernatural.  They  were  mostly 
old  school  in  their  theology.  Human  righteousness  was  filthy  rags. 
Regeneration  an  act  of  sovereign,  naked  omnipotence.  We  cannot 
affirm  exactly  what  God  does,  and  what  man  does.  The  deeper  we 
go,  the  more  mysteriously  the  human  and  the  divine  are  blended. 

(4.)  Another  landmark  of  thought  which  distinguishes  our  age 
from  theirs  is  a  turning  from  special  grace  to  general,  that  is,  to  the 
movement  of  the  spirit  in  all  men.  We  do  not  deny  the  special  but 
we  antedate  the  beginnings  of  change  and  expect  from  the  spirit  a 
greater  diversity  of  operations.  We  incline  to  be  interested  not  in 
the  differences,  but  in  the  resemblances,  the  things  common  to  all 
souls. 

(5.)  Still  further  and  every  way  worthy  of  note  is  the  tendency 
toward  an  inclusive  Christianity,  rather  than  the  exclusive,  a  disposi- 
tion towards  comprehension.  This  out  of  a  charitable  and  catholic 
zeal.  The  point  of  view  of  the  individual  is  giving  way  before  the 
corporate  sense  of  humanity.  The  self-conscious  and  introspective 
habit  has  touched  its  decline.  Magnifying  crises  of  feeling  in 
connection  with  conversion,  it  has  unchurched  the  children  and 
driven  them  into  more  churchly  communions.  There  is  a  something 
besides  conscious  experience,  which  precedes  and  conditions  it, — the 
antecedent  grace  of  God, — without  which  we  are  insulated  from  the 
life  divine  in  church  and  history.  To  this  tendency  contributes 
mightily   the  instinct  of  Christian  brotherhood,  and  in  co-operative 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  171 

ways.  It  seems  the  epoch  of  falling  middle  walls  in  economies, 
state  and  church.  All  this  is  greatly  magnified  by  the  overwhelming 
world  consciousness  which  is  now  upon  us.  There  seems  to  be 
some  all-pervading  moral  ether  which  permeates  the  society  of 
moral  beings  and  transmits  through  it  innumerable  waves  of  good  or 
evil  influence,  and  this  not  only  from  continent  to  continent,  but 
from  heaven  to  earth,  giving  to  religion  a  universal  scope,  making 
of  redemption  a  world  movement,  in  many  of  its  features  as  perva- 
sive and  irresistible  as  God  himself. 

As  Dr.  Fenn  concluded,  Mr.  Burgess  rose  to  say  a 
few  words  about  a  composer  who  was  born  in  Portland, 
John  K.  Payne.     He  said: 

John  K.  Payne  is  too  well  known  to  you,  both  in  his  person  and 
in  his  works  for  me  to  characterize  them.  He  is,  facile princeps,  most 
easily  the  leader  among  American  composers.  His  grand  oratorio 
St.  Peter,  first  produced  in  this  hall  by  the  Haydn  Association, 
deserves  rank  with  the  works  of  the  great  tone  masters.  As  the 
professor  of  music  at  Harvard  University,  he  is  exerting  a  far 
reaching  influence  for  the  best  music  everywhere. 

The  choir  then  sung  the  following: 

DIVINE   LOVE. 
[Clionis  by  John  Knowles  Paine  (of  Harvard  College),  born  in  Portlanil,  1839.] 
Love  Divine,  all  love  excelling,  Come,  almighty  to  deliver, 

Joy  of  heaven,  to  earth  come  down  !  Let  us  all  thy  life  receive  ; 

Fix  in  us  thine  humble  dwelling ;  Suddenly  return,  and  never, 

All  thy  faithful  mercies  crown  :  Never  more  thy  temples  leave  : 

Jesus  !  thou  art  all  compassion, —  Thee  we  would  be  always  blessing, 

Pure,  unbounded  love  thou  art ;  Serve  thee  as  thy  hosts  above. 

Visit  us,  with  thy  salvation;  Pr^iy,  'I'ld  praise  thee  without  ceasing, 

Enter  every  trembling  heart.  Glory  in  thy  perfect  love. 

Breathe,  Oh  !  breathe  thy  loving  Spirit     Finish  then  thy  new  creation  ; 

Into  every  troubled  breast ;  Pure  and  sinless  let  us  be ; 

Let  us  all  in  thee  inherit.  Let  us  see  thy  great  salvation. 

Let  us  find  the  jiromised  rest;  Perfectly  restored  in  thee, — 

Take  away  our  ])ower  of  sinning;  Changed  from  glory  into  glory, 

Alpha  and  Omega  be;  'I'ill  in  heaven  we  take  our  i)lace, 

End  of  faith,  as  its  beginning!  Till  we  cast  our  crowns  before  thee. 

Set  our  hearts  at  liberty.  Lost  in  wonder,  love,  and  praise. 


172  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Mr.   Burgess   then   said,   referring   to  the  next  com- 
poser: 

Edward  Howe,  jr.  (whose  father  many  of  you  remember,  and  who 
was  induced  to  come  to  Portland  to  become  a  member  of  Rev.  Mr. 
Kellogg's  church  choir),  is  a  composer  whose  chaste  and  correct 
style  well  represents  the  high  standing  which  American  church  music 
has  attained  at  the  present  day, 

SENTENCE. 

[By  Edward  Howe,  jr.  (Organist  New  York  City.)    Born  in  Portland,  1820.] 

The  Lord  is  in  his  holy  temple,  The   Lord  is  in  his  holy  temple,  let  all  the  earth, 

let  all  the  earth  keep  silence,  before  him. 
Let  all  the  earth,  let  all  the  earth  keep  silence,  keep  silence  before  him,  let  all  the 
earth,  let  all  the  earth  keep  silence,  keep  silence  before  him. 

Mr.  Burgess  spoke  of  the  last  composer  on  the  pro- 
gramme, thus  : 

Geo.  W,  Chadwick  was  born  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  Nov.  13,  1854,  and 
received  his  musical  education  at  Leipzig  and  Munich,  being  the  first 
American  pupil  of  Rheinberger,  His  works,  consisting  of  quartettes, 
overtures,  anthems,  symphonies,  &c,,  are  full  of  genuine  feeling, 
expressed  in  the  highest  style  of  art,  and  show  the  great  progress  and 
upward  tendency  of  jDresent  musical  thought. 

The  tune  was  the  following : 

ANTHEM  —  Benedic  Anima  Mea. 
[By  G.  W.  Chadwick,  born  at  Lowell,  1854.] 

Praise  the  Lord,  O  my  soul !  O  praise  the  Lord  all  ye  his  hosts  ; 

And  all   that  is    within  me  praise  his  Ye  servants  of  his  that  do  his  pleasure. 

holy  name.  q  sp^^i^  g^^^^  ^f  ^^g  j  ^^d  ; 

Praise  the  Lord,  O  my  soul ;  All  ye  works  of  his,  iu  all  places  of  his 
And  forget  not  all  his  benefits.  dominion. 

Who  forgiveth  all  thy  sin ;  Praise  thou  the  Lord  ; 

And  healeth  all  thine  infirmities.  Praise  thou  the  Lord  —  O  my  soul. 

Who  saveth  thy  life  from  destruction ;  Glory  be  to  the  Father,  and  to  the  Son ; 

And   crowneth    thee   with    mercy   and  And  to  the  Holy  Ghost. 

lovmg  kmdness.  ^g  jf-  ^y^-^g  j,-,  t;he  beginning,  is  now  and 
O  praise  the   Lord,   ye  angels  of  his,         ever  shall  be  ; 

ye  that  excel  in  strength  ;  World  without  end,  Amen,  Amen. 
Ye  that  fulfill   his   commandment,  and 

hearken  unto  the  voice  of  his  word. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  173 

Mr.  Burgess  concluded : 

Not  without  many  drawbacks,  and  subject  to  limitations  incident 
to  its  environment,  musical  art  has  made  a  steady  and  gratifying 
progress  during  the  century.  Each  decade  shows  by  its  records  an 
astonishing  activity  eminently  satisfactory,  promising,  in  the  not 
remote  future,  a  result  worthy  of  a  great  and  powerful  nation. 

The  benediction  was  pronounced  and  the  audience 
dismissed  by  Rev.  Thomas  Hill,  d.  d. 


EVENING   EXERCISES. 

The  Committee  on    Sunday  Services   had  arranged 
the  following  programme  for  the  evening  service : 

1786  PORTLAND'S  1886 

CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION, 


SUNDAY  EVENING,  JULY  4th,  1886, 

AT  CITY  HALL. 
7.30  o'clock.  • 


SERVICE  OF  SONG  BY  THE  CENTENNIAL  CHORUS, 

W.    L.    FITCH,    CONDUCTOR. 


Addresses   by   Hon.  Neal   Dow,  William  E.  Gould,  Esq.,  Rev, 
Asa  Dalton,  d.  d..  Rev.  J.  T.  G.  Nichols. 


Wm.  M.  Marks,  Esq.,  Presiding. 


174  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

ORDER  OF  EXERCISES. 


INTRODUCTION. 

WILLIAM    M.    MARKS,    ESQ. 

GLORIA. 

CENTENNIAL   CHORUS — W.    L.    FITCH,   CONDUCTOR. 

SCRIPTURE   READING. 

REV.    CHARLES   J.    CLARK,    D.  D. 

DUKE  STREET. 
{By  Chorus  and  Congregation.) 

O  God,  beneath  Thy  guiding  hand,  Laws,  freedom,  truth,  and  faith  in  God 

Our  exiled  fathers  crossed  the  sea;  Came. with  those  exiles  o'er  the  waves. 

And  when  thej-  trod  the  wint'ry  strand.  And  where  their  pilgrim  feet  have  trod. 

With    prayer   and   psalm   they   wor-  The    God   they   trusted    guards    their 

shiped  Thee.  graves. 

Thou  heard'st,  well  pleased,  the  song,  And  here  Thy  name,  O  God  of  love, 

the  prayer —  Their  children's  children  shall  adore, 

Thy  blessing  came  ;  and  still  its  power  Till  these  eternal  hills  remove, 

Shall  onward  through  all  ages  bear  And  spring  adorns  the  earth  no  more. 

The  memory  of  that  holy  hour. 

PRAYER. 

REV.    A.    H.    WRIGHT. 

ORIGINAL  HYMN. 

[By  Rev.  Tlionias  Hill,  d.  d.] 

{£ij  the  C/ionts.) 

God,  from  eternity  changeless  is  being. 
Guiding  all  changes  by  Thy  sovereign  will. 

Boundless  in  power,  and  in  wisdom  unerring, 
Ages  of  hist'ry  Thy  counsels  fulfil. 

Tempest  and  earthquake,  our  labors  o'crturning, 

Ever,  Thy  servants,  obey  Thy  command  ; 
Nations  and  kingdoms  in  vain  would  resist  Thee  ; 

Thou  art  Almighty,  and  none  can  withstand. 

Thanks  for  the  light  in  our  darkness  still  shining: 
Thanks  for  the  word  which  came  down  from  above; 

Thanks  that  Thy  spirit  within  us  bears  witness 
We  are  Thy  children,  and  heirs  of  Thy  love. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


175 


Thou  wert  the  merciful  God  of  our  fathers, 
Still  on  their  sons  let  Thy  blessing  descend ; 

Age  after  age,  may  their  praise  and  thanksgiving 
Rise  in  full  harmony,  world  without  end. 

ADDRESS  —  Temperance  in  Portland  During  the  Century. 

HON.   NEAL   DOW. 


HEAR  THE  TEMPERANCE  CALL. 


Hear  the  Temp'rance  call, 
Freemen  one  and  all  I 

Hear  your  country's  earnest  cry  ; 
See  your  native  land, 
Lift  its  beck'ning  hand, 

Sons  of  Freedom  come  ye  nigh. 

Chorus. 
Chase  the  monster  from  our  shore. 
Let  his  cruel  reign  be  o'er  ; 
Chase  the  monster  from  our  shore, 
Let  his  cruel  reign  be  o'er. 


{By  the  Chorus.) 

Leave  the  shop  and  farm, 
Leave  your  bright  hearths  warm  ; 

To  the  polls!  the  land  to  save; 
Let  your  leaders  be 
True  and  noble,  free. 

Fearless,  temp'rate,  good  and  brave. 

Hail,  our  Fatherland ! 
Here  thy  children  stand. 

All  resolved,  united,  true, 
In  the  temp'rance  cause. 
Ne'er  to  faint  or  pause  ! 

This  our  purpose  is,  and  vow. 


ADDRESS  — The  Anti-Slavery  Cause. 

REV.    ASA    DALTON,    D.  D. 


JUDGMENT  DAY  IS 

Judgment,  Judgment, 

Judgment  day  is  rolling  around  ; 
Judgment,  Judgment, 

O  how  I  long  to  go. 
I've  a  good  old  mother  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 

How  I  long  to  go  there  too, 
I've  a  good  old  mother  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
O  how  I  long  to  go. 

Chorus. 
Judgment,  Judgment, 

Judgment  day  is  rolling  around ; 
Judgment,  Judgment, 

O  how  I  long  to  go. 


ROLLING  AROUND. 

There's  no  backsliding  in  the  heaven,  my 
Lord, 
How  I  long  to  go  there  too, 
There's  no  backsliding  in  the  heaven,  my 
Lord, 
O  how  I  long  to  go. — Cho. 

King  Jesus  sitting  in  the  heaven,  my  Lord, 

How  I  long  to  go  there  too. 
King  Jesus  sitting  in  the  heaven,  my  Ix)rd, 

O  how  I  long  to  go. — Ciio. 

There's  a  big  camp-meeting  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
How  I  long  to  go  there  too, 
There's  a  big  camp-meeting  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
O  how  I  long  to  go. — Cho. 


176 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


STEAL   AWAY. 

(By  the  Chorm.) 
Steal  away,  steal  away,   steal  away  to     Green   trees   are   bending,   poor   sinners 
Jesus,  stand  trembling ; 

Steal  away,  steal  away  home,  The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul, — 

I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here.  I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. — Cuo. 

My  Lord  calls  me.  He  calls  me  by  the  My  Lord  calls  me  —  He  calls  me  by  the 

thunder;  lightning; 

The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul ;  The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul ; 

I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here.  I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. — Cho. 


Chorus. 
Steal   away,  steal  away,  steal  away  to 
Jesus ! 
Steal  away,  steal  away  home, 
I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. 


Tombstones  are  bursting  —  poor  sinners 
stand  trembling ; 
The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul ; 
I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. — Cho. 


ADDRESS  —  Benevolent  Associations  of  Portland. 

WILLIAM    E.    GOULD,    ESQ. 

CHARITY. 

{By  the  Chorus.) 


Meek  and  lowly,  pure  and  holy, 

Chief  among  the  "Blessed  Three," 
Turning  sadness  into  gladness, 

Heav'n-born  art  thou.  Charity  ! 
Pity  dwelleth  in  thy  bosom, 

Kindness  reigneth  o'er  thy  heart ; 
Gentle  thoughts  alone  can  sway  thee, 

Judgment  hath  in  thee  no  part. 


Hoping,  ever,  failing,  never, 

Tho'  deceived,  believing  still ; 
Long  abiding,  all  confiding. 

To  thy  Heav'nly  Father's  will ; 
Never  weary  of  well-doing. 

Never  fearful  of  the  end  ; 
Claiming  all  mankind  as  brothers. 

Thou  dost  all  alike  befriend. — Cho. 


CHORUS. 

Meek  and  lowly,  pure  and  holy. 
Chief  among  the  "Blessed  Three." 

Turning  sadness  into  gladness, 
Heav'n  born  art  thou.  Charity. 

ADDRESS  —  Personal  Reminiscences. 

REV.    J.    T.    G.    NICHOLS. 

TO  THEE,  O  COUNTRY. 
(By  the  Cliorus.) 


To  thee,  O  country,  great  and  free. 

With  trusting  hearts  we  cling; 
Our  voices  tuned  by  joyous  love. 

Thy  power  and  ])raises  sing. 
Upon  thy  mighty  faithful  heart, 

We  lay  our  burden  down  ; 
Thou  art  the  only  friend 

Who  feels  their  weight  without  a  frown. 


For  thee  we  daily  work  and  strive, 

To  thee  we  give  our  love ; 
For  thee  with  fervor  dee])  we  ]5ray. 

To  Him  who  dwells  above. 
O  CJod,  preserve  our  fatherland. 

Let  peace  its  ruler  be. 
And  let  her  happy  kingdom  stretch 

From  north  to  southmost  sea. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  177 

AMERICA. 
(Chorus  and  Congregation.) 
My  country !  'tis  of  thee,  Let  music  swell  the  breeze, 

Sweet  land  of  liberty.  And  ring  from  all  the  trees 

Of  thee  I  sing;  Sweet  freedom's  song; 

Land  where  my  fathers  died  I  Let  mortal  tongues  awake  ; 

Land  of  the  Pilgrim's  pride !  Let  all  that  breathe  partake ; 

From  every  mountain  side.  Let  rocks  their  silence  break, — 

Let  freedom  ring  1  The  sound  prolong. 

My  native  country,  thee —  Our  father's  God  !  to  thee. 

Land  of  the  noble  free —  Author  of  liberty, 

Thy  name — I  love ;  To  thee  we  sing ; 

I  love  thy  rocks  and  rills,  Long  may  our  land  be  bright, 

Thy  woods  and  templed  hills.  With  freedom's  holy  light. 

My  heart  with  rapture  thrills  Protect  us  by  thy  might. 

Like  that  above.  Great  God,  our  King ! 

BENEDICTION. 

REV.   CHARLES   H.    DANIELS. 

An  immense  audience  attended  the  services.  The 
City  Hall  was  crowded  with  the  representatives  of  the 
best  of  Portland  people,  and  her  returning  sons  and 
daughters. 

At  a  few  minutes  before  half-past  seven,  the  Centen- 
nial Chorus  entered  from  the  ante-rooms  where  they 
had  assembled,  and  took  places  upon  the  platform. 
The  speakers,  a  number  of  Portland  clergymen,  invited 
guests  and  others,  also  occupied  the  front  seats  upon 
the  platform.  The  services  then  proceeded  according 
to  the  programme,  beginning  with  the  address  of 
William  M.  Marks,  Esq.,  who  spoke  as  follows: 

MR.  marks'  address. 

Our  Centennial  Celebration  will  continue  this  evening,  commenc- 
ing with  a  service  of  song;  then  a  review  of  the  great  moral  reforms 
which  are  a  part  of  the  history  of  our  city.  Temperance  reforms  in 
our  midst,  presented  by  its  world-wide  champion, — our  own  honored 
citizen;  the  anti-slavery  cause — which  arose,  did  its  work,  and  is 
12 


178  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

finished;  our  philanthropic  organizations, — for  which  we  have  an 
enviable  reputation.  As  these  pass  in  review  before  us  I  know  we 
shall  feel  that  the  work  in  which  our  fathers,  and  their  fathers  before 
them  have  had  a  part,  is  one  from  which  we  may  get  a  like  inspira- 
tion, for  everything  that  is  for  the  benefit  and  blessing  of  our 
common  humanity;  thanking  God  that  he  gives  unto  us  the  privilege 
of  living  in  this  nineteenth  century  of  the  world's  history. 

The  gloria,  by  the  Centennial  Chorus,  was  then  finely- 
rendered  under  the  leadership  of  William  L.  Fitch, 
conductor. 

Rev.  Charles  J.  Clark,  pastor  of  the  Pine  Street 
Methodist  church,  read  the  thirty-third  psalm,  after 
which  the  choir  and  congregation  united  in  singing 
Duke  Street.  The  familiar  stanzas  received  a  magnifi- 
cent rendering  from  the  great  number  of  singers.  The 
hymn  follows: 

DUKE  STREET. 
{By  Chorus  and  Congregation.) 

O  God,  beneath  Thy  guiding  hand,  Laws,  freedom,  truth,  and  faith  in  God 
Our  exiled  fathers  crossed  the  sea;  Came  with  those  exiles  o'er  the  waves, 

And  when  they  trod  the  wint'ry  strand,  And  where  their  pilgrim  feet  have  trod, 
W^ith    prayer   and   psalm   they   wor-         The    God   they   trusted    guards    their 
shiped  Thee.  graves. 

Thou  heard'st,  well  pleased,  the  song.  And  here  Thy  name,  O  God  of  love, 

the  prayer —  Their  children's  children  shall  adore, 

Thy  blessing  came  ;  and  still  its  power  Till  these  eternal  hills  remove, 

Shall  onward  through  all  ages  bear  And  spring  adorns  the  earth  no  more. 

The  memory  of  that  holy  hour. 


Prayer  was  then  offered  by  Rev.  Abiel  H.  Wright  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  Street  church.  At  the  conclusion  of 
Mr.  Wright's  invocation,  the  choir  sung  Dr,  Hill's 
beautiful  hymn  composed  for  the  occasion,  as  follows: 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  179 

ORIGINAL  HYMN. 

[By  Rev.  Thomas  Hill,  d.  d.] 

(By  the  Chorus.) 

God,  from  eternity  changeless  in  being, 

Guiding  all  changes  by  Thy  sovereign  will, 
Boundless  in  power,  and  in  wisdom  unerring, 

Ages  of  hist'ry  Thy  counsels  fulfil. 

Tempest  and  earthquake,  our  labors  o'erturning, 

Ever,  Thy  servants,  obey  Thy  command  ; 
Nations  and  kingdoms  in  vain  would  resist  Thee ; 

Thou  art  Almighty,  and  none  can  withstand. 

Thanks  for  the  light  in  our  darkness  still  shining ; 

Thanks  for  the  word  which  came  down  from  above; 
Thanks  that  Thy  spirit  within  us  bears  witness 

We  are  Thy  children,  and  heirs  of  Thy  love. 

Thou  wert  the  merciful  God  of  our  fathers, 
Still  on  their  sons  let  Thy  blessing  descend; 

Age  after  age,  may  their  praise  and  thanksgiving 
Rise  in  full  harmony,  world  without  end. 

Mr.  Marks  introduced  in  a  few  appropriate  words, 
Hon.  Neal  Dow,  who  spoke  as  follows  upon  Temper- 
ance in  Portland  during  the  Century: 

hon.  neal  dow's  address. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Fellow  Citizens  : 

The  committee  of  arrangements  have  requested  me  to  give  as 
much  of  the  History  of  the  Temperance  Cause  in  Portland  as  can 
be  condensed  into  a  few  minutes,  which  I  gladly  undertake  to  do. 

An  entire  generation  has  grown  up  in  this  city  and  in  ^Liine 
which  knows  nothing  whatever  of  the  condition  of  the  State  and  of 
the  people  in  the  good  old  time.  We  are  now  without  a  distillery  or 
a  brewery  in  the  State,  while  there  were  many  of  them  in  the  old 
time.  In  none  of  our  cities  can  be  seen  any  sign  painted  over  or  by 
the  side  of  shop  doors,  and  notice  of  liquors  to  be  sold  within.  In 
the  old  time  every  grocery  shop  made  a  profuse  display  of  the  names 
of  all  sorts  of  liquors  kept  within  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
public.     At  the  end  of  the  counter  in  every  grocery  was  arranged  a 


180  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

department  for  drinking ;  a  pail  of  water,  a  sugar  bowl,  a  teaspoon 
suspended  to  the  ceiling  by  a  string,  while  black  bottles  containing 
the  drinks  were  standing  on  shelves  within  easy  reach  of  the  shop- 
keeper.    Now,  in  all  the  State,  there  is  nothing  of  this. 

In  every  grocer's  shop  in  the  old  time  were  "standing  casks," 
larger  or  smaller,  according  to  the  amount  of  capital  invested  in  the 
trade.  Those  casks  were  often  handsomely  painted,  and  labeled  in 
gilt  letters  with  the  names  of  their  contents :  Rum,  Gin,  Brandy, 
Wines,  Cordials,  in  great  variety.  In  order  to  attract  attention, 
puncheons  and  casks  of  rum,  gin,  brandy  and  other  liquors,  were 
arranged  upon  the  sidewalk  before  the  shop,  as  an  indication  of  the 
extensive  business  carried  on  there.  Tubs  containing  rum  punch 
were  sometimes  placed  in  full  view  of  passers-by,  either  upon  the 
sidewalk  near  the  door  or  just  within,  to  attract  customers.  The 
shop-boy  was  often  seen  just  within  the  door,  with  a  box  of  lemons, 
a  squeezer,  and  a  tub,  preparing  punch  for  a  thirsty  crowd.  A 
great  many  of  our  people  do  not  know  what  this  punch  was.  It  was 
made  up  of  rum  that  it  might  be  strong,  water  to  make  it  weak, 
lemons  to  make  it  sour  and  sugar  to  make  it  sweet.  It  was  a  special 
favorite  with  those  who  were  in  their  apprenticeship  at  the  drinking 
business,  for  drinking  was  in  those  days  a  great  business,  absorbing 
the  entire  value  of  all  the  property  of  the  State,  in  every  period  of 
less  than  twenty  years.  I  do  not  express  any  opinion  about  the  old 
rum  times,  whether  they  were  better  or  worse  than  our  times;  I  am 
only  to  record  the  facts  as  they  were,  and  as  they  are. 

But  there  are  some  very  intelligent  people  who  think  the  good  old 
rum  time  was  far  better  than  our  time,  when  drink  is  under  the  ban, 
and  must  be  hidden  away  from  sight,  and  as  far  as  possible  from 
the  smell,  lest  its  presence  should  be  betrayed  to  the  senses  of 
officials  whose  duty  it  is  to  lay  ruthless  hands  upon  it,  and  carry  it 
off  to  limbo,  where  the  lovers  of  it  were  locked  up  in  the  good  old 
time. 

Elections  and  militia-musters  called  out  all  our  people  in  those 
good  old  days.  The  entire  population  was  upon  the  streets  in  those 
days,  and  everywhere  were  seen  shanties,  where  gingerbread,  molas- 
ses candy,  rum  and  punch  were  sold  in  great  quantities  for  the 
refreshment  of  the  crowd.  My  earliest  experience  in  the  temper- 
ance  cause   was  on  one   of  these  muster  days.     With  many  other 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  181 

small  boys,  I  was  on  the  crowded  sidewalk  in  Market  square,  when 
a  drunken  man  fell  upon  me,  holding  me  to  the  ground  in  great 
horror,  until  standers-by  lifted  the  drunkard  off  me. 

The  muster  field  was  upon  the  "  Hill,"  a  large  part  of  the  ground 
of  the  present  Eastern  Cemetary  being  included  in  it.  Here  were 
innumerable  booths  for  the  sale  of  refreshments,  the  ever  present 
rum  and  punch  constituting  by  far  the  most  important  part  of 
the  stock  in  trade.  Those  drinks  were  free  to  all  who  had 
money — young  and  old,  men  and  women,  boys  and  girls — and  very 
jolly  times  were  the  outcome  of  it,  but  such  as  we  should  now 
consider  scenes  of  shocking  degredation  and  debauchery.  There 
were  always  fights  in  those  days — many  of  them.  There  were 
bullies  who  were  regarded  as  heroes,  and  whose  fame  as  great 
fighters  was  spread  over  the  country  as  far  as  Pooduck  and  Sacca- 
rappa,  some  of  whom  are  remembered  to  this  day  by  men  who 
were  boys  in  those  good  old  times,  which  some  of  our  good  people 
deplore,  as  gone,  never  to  return. 

There  were  no  troublesome  and  offensive  policemen  in  those  days 
to  interfere  with  personal  liberty — the  right  of  every  man  to  enjoy 
himself  in  his  own  way.  Our  sidewalks  and  little  spots  of  grass, 
towards  the  close  of  the  election  and  muster  days,  were  occupied  by 
patriots,  sitting  or  lying  upon  the  ground,  exhausted  by  their  labors 
of  the  day  in  upholding  the  honor  of  the  country.  Many  small  boys 
were  often  seen,  with  unsteady  steps,  striving  to  make  their  way 
home,  while  others  were  lying  by  the  roadside,  being  quite  exhausted 
by  their  early  apprenticeship  to  the  great  business  of  that  time. 

Immense  quantities  of  molasses  were  imported  into  Portland  in 
those  days,  and  were  converted  into  rum  at  our  distilleries,  of  which 
there  were  seven,  often  running  night  and  day,  because  their  products 
were  in  great  demand  among  all  classes  of  our  people,  not  only  upon 
public  days  but  every  day.  All  our  working  people  had  "eleven 
o'clock"  and  "four  o'clock"  in  those  days;  that  is,  they  "knocked 
off  work  "  at  those  hours  to  take  some  "  support,"  which  consisted  in 
a  stiff  drink  of  rum.  Every  household  had  rum  or  other  liquor  as  an 
important  part  of  family  supplies,  and  they  were  offered  to  every 
caller  at  coming  and  again  at  going.  The  parson  and  the  doctor 
were  expected  to  drink,  a  refusal  to  do  so  was  regarded  as  an  impo- 
liteness. 


182  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

In  those  days  great  quantities  of  West  India  rum  were  imported, 
all  for  consumption  by  our  own  people.  These  came  by  the  cargo, 
often  large  cargoes,  making  a  great  display  upon  our  wharves.  In 
our  time  not  a  puncheon  of  rum  is  imported.  The  result  was  that 
Maine  was  very  poor  in  those  times,  when  rum  was  said  to  be  food 
and  drink,  and  p'retty  good  lodging.  Some  nice  people  believe  those 
days  were  better  than  ours,  and  the  politics  of  the  country  today 
turns  largely  upon  the  question  of  their  revival. 

A  story,  illustrating  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  times,  is  told 
of  Parson  Kellogg,  who  came  to  Portland  a  young  man  as  colleague 
with  Dr.  Payson.  As  the  custom  was  in  those  days,  in  company  with 
Deacon  Jewett  and  Deacon  Blank,  he  made  the  round  of  calls  among 
the  people.  Everywhere  they  were  expected  to  "take  something." 
By  and  by  the  Parson  said :  "  Brother  Jewett,  Brother  Blank,  this 
will  never  do ;  we  shall  be  all  drunkards  together.  I  will  not  drink 
any  more."  "Nor  I,"  said  Deacon  Jewett.  "Ha!  ha!"  laughed 
Deacon  Blank,  ^'if  you're  afraid,  that's  wise.  I'm  not  afraid,"  and 
he  became  a  drunkard.  I  am  not  to  say  here  that  these  good  old 
times  were  not  the  best  times.  I  am  only  to  record  the  facts.  There 
are  some  very  nice  people  among  us  who  do  not  like  our  times,  when 
"  the  good  creatures  of  God "  are  hidden  away  out  of  sight,  and 
when  a  free  born  American  citizen  cannot  have  a  bloated,  fiery  face 
and  a  watery  eye,  without  attracting  special  attention  and  having  his 
credit  at  the  bank  badly  shaken.  In  those  good  old  times  it  was  not 
regarded  as  a  discredit  to  be  full  and  hearty  on  social  occasions,  and 
at  all  other  times  as  well,  showing  the  effects  of  it  in  a  bleared  eye 
and  unsteady  step. 

I  was  sometimes  at  public  dinners  in  those  good  old  times,  and 
know  what  the  habits  of  the  people  were.  My  education  in  the 
matter  of  drink  was  utterly  neglected  from  my  childhood.  So  I  was 
always  regarded  as  an  outsider  on  such  occasions,  but  there  was 
always  some  one  who  wished  to  sit  beside  me,  because  he  could  have 
my  bottle  of  wine  in  addition  to  his  own.  I  have  seen  gentlemen 
seized  with  a  spasm  of  patriotism  on  such  occasions  leap  upon  the 
table,  dance  a  rig-a-doon,  make  glasses  and  decanters  rattle,  and 
shout  a  toast  to  the  star-spangled  banner.  I  have  seen  in  those  good 
old  times  a  long  line  of  gentlemen  stand  with  one  foot  on  their  chairs 
and  the  other  upon  the  table,  shouting  discordantly  a  drinking  song. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  183 

That  was  a  proper  thing  to  do  in  those  jolly  old  times,  now,  alas,  in 
Maine,  passed  away,  perhaps  forever,  to  the  great  regret  of  some 
very  nice  people,  who  do  not  like  the  puritanic  stiffness  and  frigidity 
of  our  times.  We  now  have  great  public  dinners,  and  other  dinners 
not  so  great  or  so  public,  without  intoxicating  drinks.  Any  lovers  of 
the  good  old  times  present  are  under  the  humiliating  necessity  of 
leaving  the  table  occasionally  and  going  out  "  to  see  a  friend," 
instead  of  having  the  friend  present,  and  an  honored  guest.  I 
express  no  opinion  as  to  which  is  the  better  way.  My  business  here 
is  simply  to  record  the  facts. 

Some  time  since  I  was  stopped  in  the  street  by  a  friend,  one  of  our 
most  prominent  and  respected  citizens.  He  had  been  formerly  in 
trade  on  a  great  scale.  He  said :  "  More  than  two-thirds  of  our 
sales  were  of  rum  ;  this  went  far  into  the  country,  spreading  out  like 
the  rays  of  a  fan  in  leaving  town,  and  its  course  was  as  distinctly 
marked  as  the  path  of  a  fire  through  a  forest.  Now,"  said  he,  "no 
rum  goes  into  that  region,  and  the  condition  of  the  country  and 
people  is  wonderfully  changed  for  the  better."  In  those  old  times 
two-thirds  of  the  farms  were  mortgaged  to  the  country-traders  in 
settlement  of  their  store  bills,  a  large  part  of  which  was  for  rum. 
Now,  these  mortgages  are  very  few,  if  any,  because  in  all  that 
country  the  liquor  traffic  is  practically  unknown.  I  express  no 
opinion  as  to  which  is  the  better  way. 

The  ear  marks  of  the  habits  and  customs  of  the  old  times  were 
dilapidated  houses  and  farm  buildings,  neglected  and  shabby  farm 
buildings,  shabby  school-houses  and  meeting-houses,  and  a  general 
air  of  idleness,  laziness,  shiftlessness  and  povery.  Almost  every 
town  and  village  in  the  State  would  illustrate  the  truth  of  this 
description.  Look  at  Saccarappa,  for  an  example,  as  it  was  in  the 
old  rum  times,  as  I  well  remember  it  to  have  been,  when  two  quarts 
of  rum  per  man  was  said  to  be  a  daily  ration  ;  when  the  wages  of 
labor  were  spent  in  that  way ;  a  miserable,  shabby,  poverty-stricken 
town.  Look  at  it  now — one  of  the  prettiest,  most  industrious,  most 
thrifty  and  most  prosperous  towns  in  this  or  any  other  State.  In  the 
old  time,  every  shop  a  rum  shop ;  now,  there  is  no  rum  shop  there. 
I  merely  state  facts,  and  do  not  express  any  opinion  as  to  which  is 
the  better  condition  of  that  famous  town. 


184  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Special  work  in  the  temperance  cause  began  in  Maine  about  1825, 
when  many  meetings  were  held  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  the 
purpose  of  which  was  to  call  the  attention  of  the  people  to  the  inev- 
itable evils  coming  from  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors.  A  society  was 
formed  in  Portland,  of  which  Dr.  Payson  was  president.  It  was 
called  the  Sixty-Nine  Society  by  all  jolly  fellows,  because  sixty-nine 
was  the  number  of  its  members.  It  was  in  no  way  agressive  or 
offensive  in  its  work ;  but  it  aroused  strong  hostility  among  the 
devotees  of  "  personal  liberty."  An  attempt  was  made  to  burn  Dr. 
Payson's  church,  and  subsequently  the  lecture-room  of  the  church,  a 
detached  building,  was  burned.  At  that  time  the  liquor  traffic  had 
not  been  attacked  by  temperance  advocates,  whose  work  was  con- 
fined solely  to  the  attempt  to  emancipate  the  people  from  the  drink 
habit  and  to  overthrow  the  drinking  customs  of  society.  About  that 
time  the  Rev.  Dr.  Edwards,  one  of  New  England's  great  divdnes, 
became  secretary  of  the  American  Temperance  Union,  and  devoted 
himself  exclusively  to  temperance  work  among  the  churches  of  New 
England. 

In  course  of  his  labors  he  came  to  Portland,  and  to  a  great  aud- 
ience in  the  Stone  church  delivered  a  powerful  and  effective  address 
upon  the  "  Immorality  of  the  Liquor  Traffic."  At  that  time  liquors 
were  sold  freely,  wholesale  and  retail,  in  Maine,  as  in  other  States  in 
the  Union,  and  many  of  the  best  and  most  respectable  members  of 
the  community  were  engaged  in  that  lucrative  trade.  I  was  present 
at  that  meeting  and  well  remember  the  deep  impression  Dr.  Edwards' 
lecture  made  upon  his  hearers.  A  curious  anecdote  connected  with 
that  meeting  I  heard  several  years  afterwards  from  a  member  of  a 
great  trading  house  in  Portland,  a  large  part  of  whose  business  was 
the  selling  of  liquor  on  a  large  scale,  wholesale  and  retail.  There 
were  three  members  of  the  firm,  all  of  them  church  members.  My 
friend,  with  his  wife,  was  among  the  hearers  of  Dr.  Edwards.  On 
returning  home  he  said  to  his  wife  : 

"  What  do  you  think  about  our  giving  up  the  sale  of  liquors  ? " 

"  I  wish  you  would  do  so.     I  have  long  desired  it." 

"But  to  do  so  will  ruin  our  entire  business." 

"  Never  mind  that.  I  would  rather  go  out  at  day's  work  washing 
than  you  should  continue  to  sell  liquor," 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  185 

"  Very  well.     My  mind  is  made  up.     I'll  quit  it." 

On  the  Monday  morning  he  called  his  partners  into  the  counting- 
room  and  told  them  this  story,  and  what  his  resolve  was.  His  part- 
ners said  they  were  also  at  Dr.  Edwards'  lecture,  and  had  the  same 
talk  with  their  wives  on  their  way  home  from  the  meeting,  and  had 
come  to  the  same  conclusion  to  sell  no  more  liquor.  My  friend  con- 
tinued : 

"  We  fully  expected  that  our  entire  business  would  be  ruined, 
because  our  business  was  with  country  traders,  all  of  whom  sold 
liquors,  and  we  expected  to  be  abandoned  by  our  customers.  But 
we  were  disappointed  in  this,  and  we  never  could  see  that  we  had 
lost  a  dollar  by  abandoning  the  liquor  trade.  We  found  our  losses 
were  greatly  reduced,  because  we  found  out  that  they  had  originated 
almost  entirely  in  the  liquor  part  of  our  trade." 

At  that  time  conscientious  men  began  to  abandon  the  sale  of 
liquors,  which  was  then  monopolized  by  others. 

In  185 1,  after  a  long  agitation  of  the  question  of  the  relation  of 
the  liquor  traffic  to  the  general  good,  the  Maine  Law  was  enacted  by 
a  Democratic  Legislature,  signed  by  a  Democratic  speaker  of  the 
House  and  a  Democratic  president  of  the  Senate,  and  a  Democratic 
governor,  upon  whose  approval  it  took  effect,  being  the  second  of 
June  of  that  year.  The  effect  of  the  law  was  wonderful ;  I  do  not 
say  here  whether  for  good  or  evil,  but  only  state  the  facts.  Im- 
mediately the  open  sale  of  liquors  ceased  throughout  the  State  ;  and 
today  more  than  three-fourths  of  our  territory,  containing  more  than 
three-fourths  of  our  population,  is  practically  free  from  it,  while  it 
lingers  on  a  comparatively  small  scale  in  our  larger  towns  and  cities, 
as  the  result,  and  only  as  the  result,  of  some  defects  in  the  law,  which 
we  hope  to  persuade  the  political  bosses  to  consent  to  have  corrected, 
if  we  can  make  it  for  their  personal  interest  to  do  so.  I  think  it  safe 
to  say  that  not  one-twentieth  as  much  liquor  is  now  sold  in  Maine  as 
would  be  sold  without  prohibition.  The  consequence  is  that  the 
wages  of  labor  are  now  saved  and  devoted  to  other  purposes  than 
the  purchase  of  drink,  and  are  laid  by  in  our  savings  banks,  and  are 
invested  in  better  houses,  better  farm  buildings,  better  fences,  in 
better  school-houses,  better  church  buildings,  better  public  buildings, 
better  ways  of  living,  in  multiplied  and  enlarged  industries,  and  ia 
prosperous,  thrifty,  happy  homes. 


186  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

I  am  not  invited  here  to  express  my  opinion  as  to  the  policy  of 
prohibition,  whether  it  is  wiser  and  better  than  the  policy  of  the 
old  rum  time.  I  am  only  to  state  the  facts,  among  which  is  this, 
that  some  of  our  intelligent  people  think  the  old  system,  with  its 
results,  better  than  the  new,  and  would  like  to  go  back  to  it,  with  rum 
shops  in  every  street,  and  on  every  corner,  in  every  village  and  little 
country  town,  and  at  every  cross-road  in  the  State,  as  the  fact  was  in 
the  old  time.  This  question  of  prohibition  is  by  no  means 
settled  yet.  There  are  many  people  in  this  and  other  States  who 
have  not  made  up  their  minds  whether  grog-shops  are  better  for  a 
community  than  the  absence  of  them.  So  that  this  great  question  is 
now  the  leading  one,  the  most  important  one  in  the  politics  of  the 
nation  and  every  State  in  the  Union.  This  question  is  disturbing  the 
calculations  of  professional  politicians,  as  the  anti-slavery  question 
did  thirty  years  ago,  and  now,  as  then,  many  intelligent  people  cannot 
make  up  their  minds  what  is  wisest  and  best  to  do  about  it.  So  they 
do  nothing  but  float  with  the  current,  waiting  for  Providence  to  point 
out  the  way,  which  will  surely  happen  some  day,  and  then  the  hopes 
and  ambitions  of  many  patriots  will  certainly  be  disappointed. 

This  great  question,  like  that  of  slavery,  can  never  be  settled 
finally,  except  in  accordance  with  the  right  and  with  the  will  of  God. 
I  express  no  opinion  here  as  to  the  side  on  which  God  and  right 
will  be  found,  though  I  have  most  decided  convictions  on  that  sub- 
ject. I  am  content  to  wait  God's  time  for  the  conclusive,  irrevocable 
determination  of  this  question,  one  way  or  the  other,  in  the  mean- 
time evading  no  responsibilit}',  and  shirking  no  duty  in  relation  to  it, 
and  working  with  all  my  heart  for  such  a  result  as  in  my  judgment 
will  be  in  accordance  with  the  Divine  will,  the  prosperity  of  the 
country,  and  the  happiness  of  the  people. 

General  Dow's  remarks  were  frequently  interrupted 
by  laughter  and  applause.  At  their  conclusion,  the 
chorus  sang  "  Hear  the  Temperance  Call,"  which 
follows : 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  187 

HEAR  THE  TEMPERANCE  CALL. 
(By  the  Chorus.) 
Hear  the  Temp'rance  call,  Leave  the  shop  and  farm, 

Freemen  one  and  all !  Leave  your  bright  hearths  warm  ; 

Hear  your  country's  earnest  cry ;  To  the  polls !  the  land  to  save ; 

See  your  native  land.  Let  your  leaders  be 

Lift  its  beck'ning  hand.  True  and  noble,  free, 

Sons  of  Freedom  come  ye  nigh.  Fearless,  temp'rate,  good  and  brave. 

Hail,  our  Fatherland ! 
Chorus.  Here  thy  children  stand. 

Chase  the  monster  from  our  shore.  All  resolved,  united,  true, 

Let  his  cruel  reign  be  o'er  ;  In  the  temp'rance  cause. 

Chase  the  monster  from  our  shore,  Ne'er  to  faint  or  pause  ! 

Let  his  cruel  reign  be  o'er.  This  our  purpose  is,  and  vow. 

Rev.  Asa  Dalton,  d.  d.,  was  the  next  speaker.  He 
spoke  as  follows,  and  was  warmly  applauded: 

REV.  DR.  DALTON's   ADDRESS. 

In  outlining  the  history  of  the  Temperance  Cause  in  Portland, 
General  Dow  could  truly  say  Magna  pars  fiii,  but  I  have  no  such 
advantage  in  describing  the  rise  and  success  of  the  Anti-slavery 
Movement.  There  were  many  parties,  however,  to  this  cause, 
friendly  and  unfriendly,  each  and  all  of  whom  are  entitled  to  a 
candid  hearing,  an  impartial  restatement  of  their  several  positions, 
their  aims  and  motives.  In  the  opinion  of  the  speaker,  anything 
less  than  this  would  be  one  sided,  and  essentially  unjust  to  them. 
Nevertheless,  the  dividing  line  must  be  drawn  somewhere,  and  we 
will  draw  it  between  those  who  were  for,  and  those  who  were  against 
the  movement,  and  each  party  and  division  of  party  shall  be  allowed 
to  speak  for  itself,  according  to  the  latest  and  most  approved 
method  of  writing  the  history  both  of  persons  and  parties. 

The  Anti-slavery  party  was  one  in  its  hostility  to  slavery  and 
determined  opposition  to  its  extension  and  perpetuity,  but  it  divided, 
first,  upon  the  question  of  immediate,  unconditional  emancipation, 
and  secondly,  as  to  the  expediency  of  political  action.  The  imme- 
diate, unconditional  emancipationists  had  for  their  leaders.  Garrison 
and  Phillips  who  were  the  necessary  logical  outcome  and  antipodes 


188  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

of  Calhoun  and  Toombs  in  the  South.  That  is  to  say,  when  the 
foremost  men  of  the  South  declared  slavery  to  be  the  natural  and 
normal  condition  of  the  negro,  and  that  his  state  of  servitude  was  to 
be  regarded  as  perpetual  as  a  law  of  nature,  it  was  inevitable  that 
corresponding  men  should  arise  in  the  North,  no  less  fierce  in  their 
denunciation  of  slavery  as  "  the  sum  of  all  villainies  "  and  therefore 
to  be  by  all  means  summarily  suppressed.  Thomas  Jefferson  said  he 
trembled  for  his  country  when  he  remembered  that  God  is  just, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  that  Jefferson's  words  accurately  represented 
the  opinions  of  the  best  men  in  the  South  in  his  time,  who  keenly 
felt  the  incongruity,  not  to  say  antagonism,  of  negro  slavery  to  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  which  asserted  unequivocally  that  all 
men  are  born  free  and  equal ;  i.e.  that  they  are  by  nature  entitled  to 
liberty  and  are  all  equal  in  the  eyes  of  the  law.  And  they  were 
right.  How  then  arose  even  here  such  fierce  opposition  ?  Nothing 
is  easier  than  the  explanation.  The  rights  of  men  are  now  theoreti- 
cally recognized  in  the  United  States.  But  the  growth  of  this  idea 
has  been  slow,  and  the  translation  of  the  idea  into  fact,  most  diffi- 
cult and  effected  at  the  price  of  blood  here,  as  in  all  the  world. 
The  primitive  races  were  nearly  always  at  war,  and  either  killed  their 
captives  or  reduced  them  to  slavery  or  serfdom.  Thus  slavery 
became  a  part  of  every  ancient  polity.  Even  modern  Europe  was  so 
conquered  and  subdued.  Not  till  the  French  Revolution,  did  the 
condition  of  serfdom  cease  in  France,  and  begin  to  disappear  from 
the  rest  of  the  continent.  England  was  far  in  advance  of  other 
nations,  but  only  today,  have  the  people  there  recovered  their 
natural  right  to  rule. 

It  is  not  then  surprising,  in  view  of  man's  injustice  to  those  of  his 
own  race,  that  a  race  so  different  from  the  white,  should  be  regarded 
as  inferior  and  by  nature  destined  to  serve  the  superior.  Hence  the 
unpopular  decisions  of  Chief  Justice  Taney,  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  Judge  Rufiin,  of  North  Carolina,  that  "  the  negro  has  no  rights 
which  the  white  man  is  bound  to  respect,"  and  that  slavery 
being  the  normal  state  of  the  negro,  "  all  means  found  necessary  to 
keep  in  servitude  are  justifiable."  These  justices  did  but  give  utter- 
ance to  the  facts  of  the  case  as  they  found  them. 

Now  if  the  rule  has  been  that  the  weak  and  ignorant  white  man 
has  no  rights  which  his  superior  white  brother  is  bound  to  respect, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  189 

the  conclusion  becomes  even  easier  in  respect  to  the  black  man. 
The  Greeks  and  Romans  did  not  respect  the  rights  of  their  white 
captives;  nor  did  the  feudal  lords  in  Europe  down  to  a  hundred 
years  ago.  But  white  slavery  ruined  Rome,  and  negro  slavery 
would  have  ruined  us,  if  perpetuated  much  longer. 

The  founders  of  states  are  usually  great  men,  and  to  be  reverenced 
as  our  benefactors.  So  are  the  leading  legislators  and  administrators 
of  civil  government.  But  still  higher,  morally  at  least,  rank  those 
reformers,  similar  to  the  Hebrew  seers,  who  are  quick  to  discern, 
and  bold  to  denounce,  at  all  hazards,  those  corruptions  which  are 
ever  creeping  in,  and  which  will  prove  fatal  to  any  state  and  every 
political  constitution,  unless  speedily  expelled.  Of  nothing  can  this 
be  predicated  with  more  certainty  than  of  slavery.  Calhoun  was 
blind  to  the  fact,  but  Wendall  Phillips  was  keenly  alive  to  it  and 
sacrificed  all  that  men  hold  most  dear  to  his  convictions.  So  did 
Garrison  and  other  leaders,  not  to  speak  of  the  rank  and  file  who 
followed  them.  The  Portland  Fessendens,  father  and  son,  were 
men  of  the  same  noble  nature,  and  cast  in  the  same  mould,  but 
differed  from  these  radical  abolitionists  in  that  they  believed  in 
political  action.  And  they,  too,  acted  on  their  convictions  as  did 
General  James  Appleton  and  others  of  our  citizens  at  that  time. 
Still  others  assented  to  Garrison's  extreme  view  and  conscien- 
tiously followed  him.  Such,  as  I  understand,  were  those  Friends  who 
in  this,  as  in  every  reform,  will  be  found  at  the  front.  Nathan  and 
John  Winslow,  Emma  and  Harriet  Dow,  Miriam  and  Ruth  Hussey, 
Maria  and  Phebe  Cobb.  To  these  must  be  added  Rev.  Messrs. 
Willey  and  Lincoln,  Charles  A.  Stackpole,  Mrs.  Elias  and  Miss 
Charlotte  Thomas,  and  perhaps  before  all  others,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Oliver 
Dennett,  since  they  were  active  beyond  these,  their  contemporaries. 
It  was  by  their  invitation  and  generally  at  their  expense,  in  whole  or 
in  part,  that  Garrison,  Phillips,  Theodore  Parker,  George  Thompson, 
Stephen  S.  Foster  and  others  repeatedly  addressed  the  people  of 
Portland  in  the  old  City  Hall,  Exchange  Hall,  the  "Christian"  meet- 
ing-house on  Temple  street,  and  the  old  Friend's  meeting-house, 
corner  of  Pearl  and  Federal.  A  meeting  of  this  kind  in  this  last 
named  place,  was  the  occasion  of  a  riot  which  was  suppressed 
chiefly  by  an  engine  company  of  which  Neal  Dow  was  foreman. 
These  good   men  and  women  were  true  heroes,  and  did  yeoman's 


190  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

service.  Though  vilified  then,  their  work  is  now  lauded  and  their 
memories  are  revered,  nevertheless  they  had  "the  defects  of  their 
qualities."  No  less  to  be  honored,  are  those  who  differed  from 
them  on  the  two  points  of  gradual  emancipation  and  political  action. 
Without  these,  those  would  probably  have  affected  but  little  toward 
the  great  end,  emancipation.  This  required  not  only  these  two 
classes,  both  of  whom  resorted  chiefly  to  argument,  but  the  admira- 
ble genius  of  Mrs.  Stowe  to  touch  the  consenting  hearts  of  our 
countrymen,  and  finally  the  assault  on  the  flag  at  Sumpter  to  fire 
those  hearts,  and  fuse  them,  glowing  with  the  white  heat  of  patriot- 
ism, into  one. 

We  may  illustrate  by  reference  to  the  liberty  and  unity  of  Italy, 
This  grand  event,  the  emancipation  of  Italy  from  the  tyranny  of  her 
oppressors,  French  and  Austrian,  required  the  united  efforts  of 
Mazzini,  Garibaldi,  Cavour,  and  Victor  Emanuel,  men  who  correspond 
almost  exactly  in  genius  and  services  to  Garrison,  Phillips,  the  Fes- 
sendens.  Grant  and  Lincoln.  We  can  all  see  and  confess  this  of 
Italy  because  we  are  not  blinded  by  our  prepossessions.  We  should 
see  it  with  equal  clearness,  and  confess  it  with  the  same  impartiality, 
if  our  feelings  and  judgments  were  not  warped  by  our  personal 
prejudices. 

But  on  this  occasion  we  are  to  speak  not  only  of  these  anti-slavery 
men  of  different  parties,  but  of  those  who  stood  more  or  less  aloof 
from  the  whole  movement.  There  is  something  to  be  said  not  only 
of  them,  but  for  them,  as  well. 

(i)  There  were  those  who  kept  aloof  from  political  considerations, 
either  on  principle  or  by  sentiment;  they  sincerely  believed  that  the 
Constitution  was  a  compromise  between  the  free  and  slave  States, 
and  so  to  be  kept  in  good  faith.  Others  believed,  that  slavery  would 
and  must  disappear,  and  all  the  sooner  for  our  not  exasperating  a 
really  doomed  party,  viz.,  the  slave-holder. 

(2)  Mercantile  interests.  The  business  outlook  in  this  busy  world 
is  always  a  potent  factor  in  influencing  the  actions,  and  even  the 
opinions,  of  men.  Portland  and  Maine  were  intimately  connected 
with  the  South  and  the  cotton  trade,  and  therefore  practically  with 
slavery,  by  our  extensive  commerce  with  slave  States.  Our  ships 
filled  their  harbors,  and  their  sails  whitened  every  sea,  carrying 
cotton  to  all  parts  of  the  world. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  191 

Finally,  there  are  the  churches.  Their  good  points  and  good 
works  are  abundant — too  many  and  too  great  to  be  set  forth  here. 
But  their  weak  point  is  the  fact  that  their  membership  and  support 
are  purely  voluntary.  And  these  churches  are  so  numerous  that  none 
can  afford  to  alienate  any  considerable  number  of  its  friends  and 
adherents.  Therefore  the  introduction  of  the  slavery  question  was 
regarded  with  fear  and  disfavor  as  a  rule,  the  Friends  being  almost 
the  only  exception.  Examples  could  be  given  at  length,  if  necessary, 
to  show  how  serious  the  difficulty  was.  In  some  instances,  the 
ministers  were  in  advance,  and  in  others  the  members.  Dr.  Chicker- 
ing  touched  it  in  his  cautious  manner,  and  lo,  a  meeting  of  offended 
parishioners  was  called  the  next  day.  On  the  other  hand,  Dr. 
Dwight  wished  to  keep  it  out,  and  Gen.  Fessenden  finally  asked  for  a 
letter  of  dismission  to  the  Abyssinian  church.  These  two  instances 
are  sufficient  to  show  how  vexed  a  question  it  was  for  the  churches 
and  their  ministers,  severely  taxing  the  courtesy  and  patience  of 
both. 

As  to  the  charge  of  moral  cowardice  sometimes  brought  against 
many  of  the  leading  pastors  and  politicians  of  that  day,  it  was  often 
unjust.  Who  can  believe  it  of  Dr.  Nichols,  Dr.  Dwight,  Dr.  Pratt, 
or  that  noble  old  Roman,  Dr.  Carruthers,  who  still  lives  to  be 
honored  by  all  his  fellow  citizens,  as  well  as  by  all  the  churches? 
One  of  the  Maine  senators  of  that  period  is  yet  with  us,  with  his 
natural  force  but  little  abated.  And  who  that  has  often  met  him, 
say  at  the  meetings  of  the  Maine  Historical-Society,  of  which  he  is 
the  honored  head,  could  be  made  to  believe  that  the  Hon.  James  W. 
Bradbury  has  not  a  nice  sense  of  honor,  or  that  as  a  senator  from 
Maine,  he  was  capable  of  pursuing  any  line  of  action  which  he  did 
not  in  his  heart  believe  best  for  the  whole  country  ?  The  simple 
truth  is,  that  our  venerable  ex-senator,  (Mr.  Bradbury),  and  those  who 
at  that  time  thought  and  acted  as  he  did,  were  of  a  generation  which 
drew  its  inspiration  from  the  enthusiasm  which  was  born  of  the 
Constitution  and  Union.  Memories  of  the  distractions,  feebleness, 
and  perils  of  the  colonies  for  fifteen  years  after  Independence  was 
achieved,  and  of  their  marvelous  growth  after  the  Union  was  formed, 
inspired  this  generation  with  a  sentiment  of  reverence  for  the  Con- 
stitution almost  religious.  There  was  a  passionate  desire  to  perpetu- 
ate the  Union  that  had  been  formed  with  so  much  difficulty,  and 


192  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

which  had  averted  so  many  dangers,  as  well  as  secured  the  blessings 
of  peace  and  unparallelled  prosperity.  Hence  the  fear  of  the  anti- 
slavery  sentiment  when  it  assumed  the  form  of  political  action. 
Knowledge  of  the  Southern  temper  assured  statesmen  of  the  Web- 
sterian  school,  that  any  direct  interference  with  Southern  institutions 
would  be  followed  by  secession.  They  were  certain  of  this  and 
dreaded  it  above  all  things.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  their  judgment 
was  correct.  The  anti-slavery  feeling  of  the  North  steadily  rose, 
followed  by  the  consequences  predicted  by  these  statesmen  of  the 
old  school.  At  so  great  a  price  was  liberty  proclaimed  the  law  of 
the  land.  These  men  may  have  erred,  but  they  were  as  conscien- 
tious, high-minded  and  fearless,  as  any  of  those  from  whom  they 
differed  as  to  the  ways  and  means  most  fitted  to  effect  the  overthrow 
of  slavery  without  destroying  the  union  of  the  States. 

Of  course,  there  were  selfish  and  short-sighted  people  of  both 
political  parties  then  as  now,  and  plenty  of  them  in  Church  and 
State.  Those  who  hated  the  negro  for  his  color,  or  despised  him 
because  a  slave,  are  entitled  to  no  consideration,  no  mitigation  of 
judgment.  The  one  redeeming  feature  of  the  war  which  sprang  up 
was  that  it  united  all,  or  nearly  all,  hearts,  and  made  the  North 
essentially  a  unit,  as  slavery  had  made  the  South  practically  so.  The 
war  came,  and  slavery  fell,  as  it  ought  anyway,  but  specially  and 
directly,  that  it  would  have  pulled  down  the  temple  of  liberty  and 
built  itself  up  on  its  ruins. 

The  inception  of  this  daring  scheme  which  finally  took  the  form  of 
secession,  is  generally  and  justly  attributed,  to  the  active  brain  and 
iron  will  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  the  idol  of  South  Carolina,  and  as  true 
a  representative  of  its  ruling  class,  the  large  slave-holders,  as  Charles 
Sumner  was  of  the  culture  of  Boston,  or  better  still,  our  own  William 
Pitt  Fessenden,  of  the  anti-slavery  convictions  and  conscience  of 
this  community. 

That  I  have  fairly  stated  the  settled  purpose  of  the  advanced 
party  and  controlling  element  in  the  South,  was  made  clear  by  the 
wanton  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise.  The  success  of  this 
movement  in  Congress  was  a  great  shock  to  the  North  and  aroused 
the  fears  of  the  most  careless  classes.  From  that  time  the  people  of 
the  North  knew,  that  the  domineering  spirit  of  Southern  slave-holders 
must  be  checked,  or  the  whole  country  would  soon  become  a  party  to 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  193 

the  spread  of  slavery  within  the  new  territories,  and  responsible  for  a 
policy  so  shameful.  How  nearly  this  subject  is  related  to  the  pro- 
gress of  anti-slaver^'  sentiment  in  Portland  appears  from  this,  that  our 
representative  in  Congress  at  the  time  audaciously  asserted  in  a  set 
speech,  that  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  would  be  well 
received  by  his  constituents  and  regarded  as  a  measure  of  peace. 

The  negro  is  here,  and  to  stay.  White  men  brought  him  here,  and 
white  men  made  him  free.  Now  we  have  the  further  task  of  fitting 
him  for  his  duties  as  a  freeman.  If  he  is  not  thus  fitted  he  will  by 
some  means  be  reduced  to  the  condition  of  serfdom,  and  possibly  a 
war  of  races  might  lead  to  his  extinction.  But  let  us  resist  both 
these  impotent  conclusions  and  all  attempts  to  bring  them  about. 
Our  safety,  as  his,  is  in  doing  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  without 
respect  to  color  or  previous  condition.  If  we  aim  only  at  material 
wealth  and  grandeur  they  will  perish,  our  largest  cities,  noblest  ships, 
and  all  the  monuments  of  our  greatness.  But  if  we  fashion  human 
hearts  after  the  model  of  Christ,  and  mould  them  on  the  principles 
of  the  Gospel,  our  work  will  be  imperishable. 

To  adapt  and  apply  a  sentence  from  Jeremy  Taylor  we  may  say  of 
the  success  of  the  anti-slavery  cause  what  the  poet-preacher  says  of 
all  the  conquests  of  Christianity.  As  we  have  seen  the  sun  rising 
gradually  and  its  rays  struggling  with  the  mists  which  enveloped  it, 
till  at  length  it  made  darkness  so  disappear,  that  it  was  lost  in  the 
joys  and  brightness  of  morning ;  so  have  we  seen  the  cause  of  human 
liberty  contending  with  tyranny,  advancing  slowly  and  with  many 
apparent  reverses,  now  nearly  strangled  by  despots,  yet  fighting 
bravely  with  its  oppressors,  and  now  by  praying,  suffering  and 
dying  at  last  changing  despotism  into  liberty,  bondage  into  free- 
dom, and  the  spirit  of  oppression  into  the  genius  of  universal 
emancipation. 

After  Dr.  Dalton's  address,  the  chorus  sang  the  two 
negro  melodies  following: 

JUDGMENT  DAY  IS  ROLLING  AROUND. 

Judgment,  Judgment,  Chorus. 

Judgment  day  is  rolling  around  ;  Judgment,  Judgment, 

Judgment,  Judgment,  Judgment  day  is  rolling  around; 

O  how  I  long  to  go.  Judgment,  Judgment, 

O  how  I  long  to  go. 

13 


194 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


I've  a  good  old  mother  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
How  I  long  to  go  there  too, 
I've  a  good  old  mother  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
O  how  I  long  to  go. 

There's  no  backsliding  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
How  I  long  to  go  there  too. 
There's  no  backsliding  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
O  how  I  long  to  go. — Cho. 

STEAL 
{By  the 
Steal  away,   steal  away,  steal  away  to 
Jesus, 
Steal  away,  steal  away  home, 
I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. 

-My  Lord  calls  me.  He  calls  me  by  the 
thunder; 
The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul ; 
1  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. 

Chorus. 
Steal   away,  steal  away,  steal  away  to 
Jesus ! 
Steal  away,  steal  away  home, 
I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. 


King  Jesus  sitting  in  the  heaven,  my  Lord, 

How  I  long  to  go  there  too, 
King  Jesus  sitting  in  the  heaven,  my  Lord, 

O  how  I  long  to  go. — Cho. 


There's  a  big  camp-meeting  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
How  I  long  to  go  there  too, 
There's  a  big  camp-meeting  in  the  heaven, 
my  Lord, 
O  how  I  long  to  go. — Cho. 

AWAY. 

Chorus.) 

Green   trees   are   bending,   poor   sinners 
stand  trembling ; 
The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul, — 
I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. — Cho. 

My  Lord  calls  me  —  He  calls  me  by  the 
lightning; 
The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul ; 
I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. — Cho. 

Tombstones  are  bursting  —  poor  sinners 
stand  trembling; 
The  trumpet  sounds  it  in  my  soul ; 
I  hain't  got  long  to  stay  here. — Cho. 


The  charities  of  Portland  were  treated  of  by  Wm.  E. 
Gould,  Esq.,  whose  interesting  account  of  the  noble 
charitable  work  of  Portland's  various  organizations 
received  the  closest  attention  of  his  hearers.  Mr. 
Gould's  remarks  follow: 


MR,    W.  E.  GOULD'S  ADDRESS. 

Benevolence  cannot  be  measured  by  a  precious  metal.  Facts  and 
figures  cannot  tell  the  story  of  our  charities.  Nor  can  the  develop- 
ment of  a  people  in  kindly  acts  be  marked  with  certainty  by  the 
progress  made  in  science,  art,  general  education,  or  even  by  an 
apparent  morality.  High  attainments  in  one  direction  may  reveal  a 
lack  in  another.     Nor  can  statistics  of  crime  show  that  a  community 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  105 

is  or  is  not  humane,  as  all  arrests  for  violation  of  law  are  based  upon 
the  popular  will  toward  certain  laws,  and  are  more  or  less  frequent 
as  the  officers  are  vigilant  or  lukewarm. 

Indeed  crime  may  go  altogether  unpunished  and  the  inference  may 
therefore  be  that  the  people  are  highly  refined  and  abounding  in  all 
good  traits,  when,  in  fact,  the  test  is  partial,  as  it  takes  hold  of  but 
one  idea. 

There  are,  however,  certain  proofs  which  may  be  relied  upon  to 
demonstrate  the  benevolence  of  a  people ;  they  are  the  outgrowths 
of  individual  character;  they  manifest  themselves  as  results  which 
spring  from  consecrated  service  to  another's  need;  they  probe  the 
very  motives  of  character;  and  the  virtue  of  an  act  is  to  be  deter- 
mined not  by  its  expression,  but  by  what  is  back  of  it. 

Hence  from  this  standpoint  we  study  our  city ;  we  ask  what  has 
been  accomplished  in  all  these  years.  Our  reply  is  to  be  based  not 
upon  apparent  indications,  but  as  we  can  answer  the  question  —  has 
a  righteous  motive  prompted  a  generous  act  ? 

We  face  the  benevolence  of  a  hundred  years,  and  we  are  to  analyze 
it  as  well  as  to  praise  it ;  and  in  the  light  of  what  is  written  we  can 
justly  magnify  both  the  act  and  the  science  behind  the  warm  right 
hand. 

A  charity  may  be  simply  the  expression  of  rank  selfishness,  or  the 
exhibition  of  a  donor's  vanity ;  or  the  desire  to  be  rid  of  importunity. 
We  can  divide  our  common  gifts  into  two  classes,  viz. :  those  which 
are  purely  unselfish,  and  those  which  are  defensive. 

The  first,  the  unselfish,  are  such  as  are  shown  in  the  history  of  our 
city  when  the  warm  impulses  in  a  new  community  reach  out  toward 
neighbors  in  trouble.     They  are  ingenuous  and  hearty. 

The  other  class  may  be  called  defensive,  or  an  organized  charity 
which  try  to  repel  fraud,  to  discountenance  promiscuous  begging,  or 
endeavors  to  make  lazy  people  work,  or  which  acts  as  a  proxy  for  the 
individual  conscience,  or  which  is  the  scapegoat  for  simple  in- 
difference. 

I  do  not  mean  to  insinuate  that  all  organizations  through  which 
the  individual  may  prefer  to  dispense  his  bounties  are  devoid  of  the 
grace  of  a  generous  self  sacrifice ;  but  I  wish  to  point  out  tiie  two 
directions  which  our  gifts  may  take,  and  both  be  useful,  thougli  in 
varied  expression. 


196  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Looking  at  the  early  days  of  this  town  we  notice  that  our  fathers 
were  kindly  affectioned  one  to  another  with  brotherly  love.  In  1796 
the  familiar  names  of  Moody,  Waite  and  McLellan,  with  others, 
were  joined  in  corporate  capacity  by  the  General  Court  of  Massachu- 
setts as  the  Port  Marine  Society.  Thirty-two  thousand  dollars  have 
been  paid  out  to  worthy  men  who  have  brought  to  our  shores  the 
cargoes  which  have  enriched  others,  while  in  their  declining  years 
the  shadow  of  need  was  crossing  their  path.  To  many  a  widow  and 
to  the  fatherless  children,  has  its  bounty  been  like  an  angel  from 
God, 

In  1803,  another  society  illustrates  the  idea  of  an  unselfish  gift 
brought  from  a  warm  heart  of  a  neighbor,  to  one  who  through  mis- 
fortune has  been  lead  into  defeat  and  want.  I  refer  to  the  Portland 
Benevolent  Society  which  continues  unto  this  day. 

It  is  not  well  to  speak  of  classes  in  matters  of  want ;  but  is  there 
not  something  peculiarly  touching  in  the  sight  of  an  honorable  man, 
who  has  himself  done  all  tliat  is  generous  and  noble  towards  his 
associates,  stripped  by  one  quick  blow  of  all  his  goods,  or  by  circum- 
stances over  W'hich  he  has  no  control,  being  led  with  a  lovely  family 
into  hopeless  decay  and  need.  Most  surely  our  fathers  had  this 
feeling  of  deep  sympathy,  for  they  devised  wise  things  for  their 
brethren ;  and  for  such  as  passed  into  trouble  among  themselves  they 
gave  the  hand  of  cheer  and  the  purse  with  a  blessing. 

Few  of  our  citizens  can  remember  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the 
Embargo  Act  of  December  21,  1807,  which,  by  prohibiting  any 
American  vessel  from  sailing  to  any  foreign  port,  so  seriously 
crippled  the  prosperity  of  this  city  as  to  bring  great  distress  upon 
many  of  its  most  deserving  people.  In  January,  1808,  a  town  meet- 
ing w^as  held  to  hear  a  report  of  a  committee  raised  to  devise  a  plan 
for  the  relief  of  the  distressed  poor.  Four  hundred  dollars  were 
raised  for  the  purpose  and  the  recipients  were  required  to  work  on 
the  highways.  One  year  later  the  town  took  further  action  and  on 
January  9th,  1809,  opened  a  soup  house,  which  until  April  3d,  of 
the  same  year,  ministered  to  27,662  persons. 

The  place  selected  was  about  where  the  present  eastern  corner  of 
the  "  Old  City  Hall  "  now  stands. 

The  old  soup  book,  used  in  1809,  was  again  opened  in  18 17  on 
March  first.     It  is  not  known  whether  this  charity  was  from  the  city 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  107 

or  from  private  hands ;  but  though  there  is  no  recorded  authority  on 
the  city  record,  yet  the  soup  book  tells  the  story  that  for  five  weeks 
an  average  of  about  350  people  a  day  received  rations;  at  any  rate 
the  town  voted  to  buy  the  kettles  and  they  were  turned  over  to  the 
overseers  of  the  poor. 

A  third  soup  distribution  was  begun  early  in  January,  1838,  with 
an  appropriation  from  the  city  of  $800.  This  was  continued  until 
April  second  of  that  year. 

A  fourth  relief  of  the  same  nature  was  in  1866,  after  our  great  fire. 
The  losses  of  our  people  by  the  disaster  of  1866  prompted  a  gen- 
erous impulse  toward  other  cities  as  they  were  visited  by  fire,  flood 
or  fever.  In  a  period  running  from  1870  to  1885  we  sent  away  more 
than  $22,000  to  the  sufferers  of  Calais,  St.  John,  New  Orleans, 
Memphis,  Vicksburg,  Baton  Rouge,  Port  Huron,  Jeffersonville  and 
Galveston. 

But  the  cries  from  the  battlefield  in  our  civil  war  brought  from  our 
citizens  the  largest  bounty  in  any  one  direction.  Competent  authori- 
ty place  the  amount  thus  donated  at  $100,500. 

Measuring  the  years  of  our  city's  growth  we  notice  that  various 
societies  sprang  out  of  what  was  evidently  a  need  of  the  time. 
Many  an  honored  mother  whose  friends  or  children  have  been 
removed,  has  found  a  comfortable  resting  place  in  the  home,  which 
is  so  well  managed  for  aged  women.  Within  a  few  j'ears  the  fathers 
have  had  prepared  for  them  a  most  comfortable  abode  where  the 
fading  years  may  be  blest  by  constant  attention.  Nor  have  the  little 
ones  been  neglected.  For  nearly  sixty  years  the  hearts  of  our  kind 
women  have  cared  for  hundreds  who  but  for  the  shelter  of  the 
Orphan  Asylum  would  have  found  the  earth  too  large  for  their  tired 
feet. 

Nor  can  we  forget  those  sympathetic  ladies  who  have  since  1828, 
either  as  the  Samaritan  Society,  or  as  the  Martha  Washington  Soci- 
ety, or  as  the  Female  Provident,  or  the  Female  Charitable  Society 
looked  into  darkened  homes  and  helped  the  mothers  and  children, 
where  perhaps  a  drunken  father  has  cursed  the  threshold,  and  they 
have  carried  many  garments  for  the  aged  and  the  young,  or  have 
taken  food  and  carried  sympathy  and  good  cheer  from  homes  more 
favored. 

For  seventy-six  years  the  constant  supply  of  the  Bible  has  been 


198  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

made  possible  by  the  yearly  donations  to  the  local  society  for  this 
purpose.  The  mechanic  has  been  cared  for  at  his  home  when  in 
distress ;  and  during  health  he  and  his  family  have  had  the  privileges 
of  lectures,  debates,  library  and  schools,  through  the  worthy  associ- 
ation which  for  seventy  years  has  been  his  pride. 

The  seaman  has  not  been  friendless  when  in  our  port;  for  more 
than  one  society  has  ministered  to  his  necessities,  and  one  special 
church  is  always  open  to  him  with  free  reading  room  and  well 
selected  library. 

The  sewing  girls  had  for  many  years  a  helper  in  the  Needle 
Woman's  Friend  Society.  The  sick  who  cannot  employ  a  physician 
can  always  be  aided  at  our  dispensary. 

The  soldier,  or  his  family,  or  his  orphans,  have  in  the  various  relief 
corps  firm  friends,  who  will  never  forget  what  should  be  only  too  will- 
ingly granted  for  those  who  stood  for  us  in  the  great  battles  of  our 
country. 

Various  churches  have  funds  which  in  very  quiet  ways  find  out  the 
needy  and  carry  a  practical  Christianity  to  earthly  needs. 

The  fireman  has  his  dangers  as  well  as  his  glories,  and  his  society 
has  disbursed  nore  than  $10,000  since  1848.  And  there  are  scores 
of  little  springs  in  the  desert  which  open  up  comfort  to  certain 
trades;  the  engineer  and  firemen  upon  our  railways,  the  mason  and 
the  plasterer,  and  the  longshoremen,  all  have  their  charities  which 
are  wisely  dispensed. 

The  Provident  Association  is  one  of  the  most  systematic  of  our 
societies,  trying  to  sift  out  of  the  multitude  of  claims  for  help,  those 
which  are  really  needy;  endeavoring  to  save  money  as  well  as  to 
give. 

Nor  should  I  omit  those  worthy  associations  which  have  for  their 
special  aim,  the  help  and  restraint  for  young  men  and  maidens. 
Reading  rooms,  libraries,  workshops,  evening  schools,  temporary 
board,  all  these  things  we  glory  in  and  love  to  help. 

As  we  stand  upon  the  Western  Promenade  we  see  one  of  the 
noblest  of  our  charities,  not  wholly  ours,  but  one  that  never  appeals 
in  vain  to  our  sympathies  and  our  gifts.  And  as  the  morning  sun 
touches  its  towers,  the  shadows  fall  almost  upon  another  retreat  just 
removed  beyond  our  boundaries,  which  daily  takes  to  its  fold  a 
wandering  child,  a  broken  hearted  mother  or  a  helpless  babe. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  109 

And  what  more  shall  I  say  ?  for  the  time  would  fail  me  to  tell  of 
those  thousand  quiet  gifts  which  are  conveyed  so  quickly  and  so 
quietly  that  the  left  hand  knoweth  not  what  the  right  hand  doeth. 
Not  until  the  future  unveils  the  past  will  it  ever  be  shown  how  per- 
haps after  all  the  noblest  gift  was  that  seen  only  by  that  eye  which 
never  closeth. 

I  had  hoped  to  submit  with  these  remarks  a  tabular  statement  of 
all  societies  which  had  ever  existed  in  this  city,  with  the  lists  of  their 
varied  gifts.  The  records  of  so  many  were  destroyed  in  1866,  that  I 
am  much  delayed,  and  my  attempt  may  be  defeated.  But  1  hope  to 
present  such  a  statement  at  some  future  time. 

"Charity"  was  then  sung  by  the  Chorus  Choir. 

CHARITY. 

Meek  and  lowly,  pure  and  holy,  Hoping,  ever,  failing,  never, 

Chief  among  the  "  Blessed  Three,"  Tho'  deceived,  believing  still ; 

Turning  sadness  into  gladness,  Long  abiding,  all  confiding, 

Heav'n-born  art  thou.  Charity!  To  thy  Heav'nly  Father's  will; 

Pity  dwelleth  in  thy  bosom,  Never  weary  of  well-doing, 

Kindness  reigneth  o'er  thy  heart ;  Never  fearful  of  the  end  ; 

Gentle  thoughts  alone  can  sway  thee,         Claiming  all  mankind  as  brothers, 
Judgment  hath  in  thee  no  part.  Thou  dost  all  alike  befriend. — Cho. 

CHORUS. 
Meek  and  lowly,  pure  and  holy. 

Chief  among  the  "  Blessed  Three." 
Turning  sadness  into  gladness, 
Heav'n  born  art  thou.  Charity. 

Rev.  J.  T.  G.  Nichols,  of  Saco,  was  introduced  as  the 
last  speaker.    He  spoke  upon  personal- reminiscences. 

REV.    MR.    NICHOLS'    ADDRESS. 

The  lateness  of  the  hour  forbids  more  than  a  brief  recital  of  remin- 
iscences which  running  back  to  my  childhood,  cover  a  space  of  more 
than  sixty  years.  I  remember  Portland  as  a  town  not  of  forest  trees, 
but  of  fruit  trees,  in  which  nearly  every  householder  had  his  garden 
and  his  cow.  Along  High  street,  from  Congress  to  Pleasant,  on  the 
eastern  side,  were  but  three  dwellings  (Matthew  Cobb's,  General 
Wingate's,  and  Robert  Boyd's),  the  rest  was  garden  —  the  garden  of 
the  latter  taking  in  also  a  considerable  portion  of  Spring  street. 


200  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Down  State  street,  from  where  Spring  now  crosses  it,  to  Danforth, 
on  the  eastern  side,  were  only  three  houses  —  the  spaces  between 
being  fields  and  gardens,  while  north  from  the  same  point  up  as  far 
as  Congress,  was  not  a  single  dwelling.  I  remember  when  the  long 
row  of  poplar  trees  lining  this  portion  of  State  street,  was  cut  down, 
and  elm  trees  were  planted  in  their  places.  Up  and  down  Park  from 
Gray,  almost  to  Congress  street,  midway  between  State  and  Park, 
was  Gray's  ropewalk,  "  long  and  low,"  with  its  tar-house.  Park  street 
was  then  Ann  street.  From  the  head  of  High  to  the  end  of  Congress 
street,  on  the  northern  side  towards  "  Deering's  woods  "  (as  Deering 
park  was  then  called),  was,  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three  dwell- 
ings, continuous  pasture  land.  From  State  street,  between  Gray  and 
Congress,  west  to  Bramhall's  Hill,  was  mostly  bushes  and  bog,  in- 
cluding two  small  ponds.  There  we  skated  in  winter  and  picked 
berries  in  summer. 

On  Munjoy  Hill  was  but  a  single  dwelling  of  white  persons.  It 
was  a  frequent  resort  of  sportsmen  for  curlew  and  plover. 

The  town  had  then  no  graded  public  schools.  Master  Libby's  was 
a  mixed  town  school,  of  good  reputation.  Master  Jackson  (of  hon- 
ored memory),  taught  upon  the  Lancasterian  or  monitorial  system. 
My  first  visit  to  the  school  when  I  was  about  ten  years  of  age,  is 
impressed  upon  my  memory  by  the  fact  that  shortly  after  my  entrance 
I  was  called  to  the  floor  to  hear  a  class  of  boys  recite,  who  were  most 
of  them  more  than  a  head  taller  than  myself. 

The  Portland  Academy  was  then  taught  by  Mr.  Bezaleel  Cushman, 
a  man  whose  name  was  a  synonym  for  uprightness  and  fidelity.  Mr. 
James  Furbish  taught  young  ladies  in  the  same  building  overhead. 
His  success  as  a  teacher  some  still  live  to  attest  and  praise.  Besides 
these  were  the  school  of  Master  Gregg  for  boys,  and  several  for 
young  ladies,  of  which  particular  mention  should  be  made  of  that  of 
the  Misses  Cross,  of  Miss  Neal,  of  Madam  Wood,  and  of  the  Misses 
Martin. 

There  were  no  steam  fire  engines.  Every  householder  was  re- 
quired by  law  to  keep  a  pair  of  leathern  buckets,  a  fire-bag  and  bed- 
key,  and  carry  or  send  them  to  the  fire.  All  persons  present  at  a  fire 
might  be  called  upon  to  form  lines,  by  one  of  which  the  buckets  of 
water  were  passed  to  the  fire,  and  by  the  other  the  empty  buckets 
handed  back.     Even  ladies  not  infrequently  lent  their  aid. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  201 

There  was  no  railroad  in  the  town.  One  daily  mail  coach,  with 
two  seats  for  three  persons  each  inside  and  one  outside  with  the 
driver,  and  one  daily  accommodation  stage,  carrying  nine  inside  and 
two  outside,  with  occasionally  an  extra  chaise,  took  all  the  passengers 
who  desired  to  travel  "West,"  as  the  journey  to  Boston  was  then 
called.  One  daily  coach  went  east  and  one  in  the  direction  of  the 
White  Mountains.  All  these  were  quite  as  often  half  empty  as  they 
were  full.  The  mail-stage  for  Boston  left  Portland  at  4  a.  m.,  arriv- 
ing at  10  p.  M.  The  accommodation  took  two  days,  spending  the 
first  night  in  Portsmouth, 

I  remember  the  pulling  down  of  the  steeple  of  the  old  First  Parish 
church.  It  was  supported  by  short  pillars.  It  was  supposed  to  have 
grown  weak  with  years  and  to  be  liable  to  fall.  Once,  great  was  the 
consternation  at  an  evening  meeting  when  the  overturning  of  a  bench 
in  the  gallery  caused  someone  to  cry  out  that  the  church  was  coming 
down.  But,  as  it  is  said,  there  is  a  period  in  human  life  when  one 
ceases  to  grow  old,  it  was  eminently  true  of  the  aged  church,  that  it 
had  passed  apparently  the  period  of  decay.  Instead  of  yielding 
easily,  as  was  imagined,  to  the  force  applied  from  below,  it  was 
necessary  to  saw  off  pillar  after  pillar  of  the  staunch  old  steeple, 
until  all  but  one  were  severed;  and  then  only  after  repeated  efforts 
was  it  moved  from  its  perpendicular  and  brought  to  the  ground — its 
wood  as  sound  as  on  the  day  of  its  erection. 

The  ancient  square  pews  I  well  remember,  with  narrow  enclosed 
passage-ways  to  some  of  them,  the  seats  facing  each  other,  and  the 
panels  left  unrepaired  through  which  the  cannon  balls  of  Mowatt 
passed.  The  chandelier  in  the  center  of  the  church  ceiling  is  still 
suspended  from  one  of  the  balls.  There  were  no  church  furnaces, 
but  a  small  iron  stove  had  just  been  introduced,  to  the  joy  of  the 
younger  members,  whom  the  heat  of  the  foot-stove  seldom  reached. 

It  was  customary  for  families  into  which  death  had  entered  to  have 
a  "note-up,"  as  it  was  called,  which  was  generally  after  this  form, 
viz.:  "Mr.  A.  and  wife  desire  the  prayers  of  this  congregation  that 
the  death  of  a  child  may  be  sanctified  to  them  and  their  surviving 
children  for  their  spiritual  and  everlasting  good."  Sometimes  there 
were  two  or  more  notes  from  different  members  of  the  family  for  the 
same  death,  and  all  family  connections  made  a  religious  point  of 
being  present  the  Sunday  following  the  funeral. 


202 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


In  case  one  desired  to  join  the  church,  notice  was  given  from  the 
pulpit  on  the  Sunday  preceding  the  communion,  in  the  following 
words  :  "It  is  the  desire  of  A.  B.  to  become  a  member  of  this  church 
in  full  communion."  Notice  was  at  the  same  time  given  that  "the 
ordinance  of  the  Lord's  Supper  would  be  administered  the  next 
Lord's  day,  and  the  preparatory  lecture  will  be  on  Friday  evening 
preceding."  The  change  of  this  lecture  from  afternoon  to  evening 
had  been  lately  made  at  the  request  of  certain  business  men,  but  not 
without  earnest  remonstrance. 

Marriage  publications  were  posted  in  a  frame  with  a  glass  case  at 
the  church  doors  for  public  inspection.  Never  was  a  vase  of  flowers 
in  my  early  days  brought  to  any  church  pulpit  or  communion  table. 
Only  one  church  in  the  town  (the  Episcopal)  kept  Easter  or 
Christmas  days. 

But  among  my  many  interesting  memories  of  old  (i.e.,  young) 
Portland,  none  is  more  deeply  impressed  than  its  extraordinary 
galaxy  of  literary  and  professional  men,  and  noble  women  not  few. 
It  would  be  invidious  to  particularize,  even  if  time  permitted.  But  I 
may  be  allowed  to  express  my  conviction  that  no  town  of  its  popula- 
tion in  our  country  could  have  furnished  its  superior.  I  need  not 
remind  you  what  introduction  the  dear  old  city  has  had  not  only  to 
the  remotest  quarters  of  our  own  land,  but  to  every  city  and  town, 
almost,  I  may  say,  in  the  civilized  world  by  the  honored  and  beloved 
Christian  poet  who  has  told  all  nations  of  "the  beautiful  city  by  the 
sea."  As  long  as  that  sea  shall  wash  its  shores  may  its  lip-ht  still 
shine,  and  its  fair  record  receive  no  blot ;  still  may  it  prove  itself  a 
city  that  has  foundations  in  Christian  faith  and  rectitude,  and  its 
children  come  back  from  generation  to  generation  with  gratitude, 
pride  and  joy  to  find  here  "their  lost  youth  again." 

"  To  Thee,  O  Country "  was  sung  by  the  choir,  as 
follows : 

TO  THEE,  O  COUNTRY. 

To  thee,  O  country,  great  and  free,  Upon  thy  mighty  faithful  heart, 

With  trusting  hearts  we  cling ;  We  lay  our  burden  down ; 

Our  voices  tuned  by  joyous  love,  Thou  art  the  only  friend 

Thy  power  and  praises  sing,  Who  feels  their  weight  without  a  frown. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


203 


For  thee  we  daily  work  and  strive, 
To  thee  we  give  our  love ; 

For  thee  with  fervor  deep  we  pray, 
To  Him  who  dwells  above. 


O  God,  preserve  our  fatherland. 

Let  peace  its  ruler  be, 
And  let  her  happy  kingdom  stretch 

From  north  to  southmost  sea. 


The  Mayor  read  despatches  from  Stephen  R.  Niles, 
in  London,  and  Hon.  Francis  Springer,  Columbus 
Junction,  Iowa,  sending  cordial  greetings.^ 

The  audience  and  choir  united  in  singing  the  well- 
known  words  of  — 


AMERICA. 
(Chorus  and  Coiigregation.) 

My  country !  'tis  of  thee,  Let  music  swell  the  breeze, 

Sweet  land  of  liberty.  And  ring  from  all  the  trees 

Of  thee  I  sing ;  Sweet  freedom's  song ; 

Land  where  my  fathers  died  I  Let  mortal  tongues  awake  ; 

Land  of  the  Pilgrim's  pride  !  Let  all  that  breathe  partake ; 

From  every  mountain  side,  Let  rocks  their  silence  break,- 

Let  freedom  ring !  The  sound  prolong. 


My  native  country,  thee — 
Land  of  the  noble  free — 

Thy  name — I  love ; 
I  love  thy  rocks  and  rills. 
Thy  woods  and  templed  hills. 
My  heart  with  rapture  thrills 

Like  that  above. 


Our  father's  God  !  to  thee. 
Author  of  liberty. 

To  thee  we  sing; 
Long  may  our  land  be  bright. 
With  freedom's  holy  light, 
Protect  us  by  thy  might, 

Great  God,  our  King  ! 


Rev.  C.  H.  Daniels  pronounced  the  benediction,  and 
the  meeting  dispersed. 

'  See  Appendi.x. 


204  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


Women's  Philanthropic  Associations. 


In  addition  to  the  programme  for  Sunday  services  as 
arranged  by  the  committee,  it  was  deemed  expedient  by 
some  of  the  ladies  connected  with  the  various  women's 
charitable  associations  of  the  city  to  hold  a  union  cen- 
tennial service  on  Sunday  evening,  July  4th.  This 
service  was  accordingly  held  at  the  M.  E.  church  on 
Chestnut  street,  and  the  report  of  the  proceedings  we 
take  from  the  columns  of  the  Daily  Press  of  Monday, 
July  5th. 

"  A  large  and  representative  body  gathered  in  Chestnut  Street 
church  last  evening  to  testify  their  interest  in  the  benevolent  work 
of  the  women  of  Portland.  A  large  platform  was  filled  with  repre- 
sentatives of  the  various  organizations.  The  church  was  handsomely 
decorated  with  bunting  and  a  profusion  of  flowers.  Mrs.  L.  M.  N. 
Stevens,  whose  name  is  a  synonym  for  philanthropy  throughout  the 
city  and  the  State,  presided.  The  exercises  began  with  the  singing 
of  America  by  the  congregation,  led  by  Mrs.  Geo.  O.  Gosse  at  the 
organ.  Mrs.  Wm.  Clark  read  a  portion  of  the  15th  chapter  of  John, 
and  offered  prayer. 

The  historical  reports  appropriately  opened  with  that  of  the 

FEMALE    CHARITABLE    ASSOCIATION, 

presented  by  Mrs.  Lewis  O'Brion.  This  society  is  the  oldest  chari- 
table organization  in  the  city  with  the  exception  of  the  Portland 
Benevolent  Society,  which  is  sometimes  called  its  twin  brother.  It 
was  formed  in  18 12,  when  the  distress  occasioned  by  war  was  ex- 
treme. Through  its  efforts  the  destitute  were  supplied  with  clothing 
and  poor  women  employed  to  spin  and  weave,  to  knit  and  sew.  A 
sewing-school  was  opened  for  girls.  Mrs.  Polly  Hobart  left  the 
society  a  legacy  of  five  hundred  dollars  in  1824,  which  necessitated 
its  incorporation.  The  original  constitution  contains  some  quaint 
features,  such  as  the  promise  to  be  watchful  over  each  other  in  sisterly 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  205 

love,  not  to  divulge  each  other's  infirmities,  and  engaging  that  no 
trifling  conversation  shall  be  indulged  in.  The  aim  of  the  society 
has  ever  been  to  help  the  worthy  poor,  especially  the  aged,  widows 
and  little  children. 

THE   SAMARITAN    ASSOCIATION, 

reported  by  Mrs.  Henry  Blanchard,  originated  in  the  First  Uni- 
versalist  church,  and  its  officers  have  always  been  of  the  same  faith. 
It  was  formed  in  1828,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mrs.  Mercy  Bisbee,  wife 
of  Rev.  John  Bisbee,  a  woman  of  great  talent  and  piety.  The  object 
from  the  first  has  been  to  care  for  the  physical  as  well  as  spiritual 
needs  of  the  poor  outside  of  churches.  Since  1834  it  has  raised 
money  through  fairs  in  addition  to  its  regular  assessments.  The 
amount  dispensed  since  its  organization  is  as  follows  :  First  thirty- 
nine  years,  $3,000;  next  eleven  years,  $4,871;  next  eight  years, 
$4,731.  Boxes  of  clothing  were  sent  to  the  soldiers  during  the  war. 
The  association  now  numbers  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  members. 

THE    FEMALE   ORPHAN    ASYLUM 

was  represented  by  Mrs.  James  L.  Farmer.  Fifty-eight  years  ago  a 
band  of  Christian  women  petitioned  the  Legislature  of  Maine  for 
"  an  act  to  incorporate  the  Female  Orphan  Asylum  of  Portland." 
The  act  was  passed  and  approved  in  1828.  Of  the  officers  of  the 
first  board,  Mrs.  Henry  Smith  of  this  city,  and  Mrs.  Nathaniel  Dana, 
now  of  Wellesley,  Mass.,  alone  survive.  The  aim  of  the  institution 
is  to  gather  destitute  or  orphan  children  to  be  educated  and  cared 
for  until  other  good  homes  are  provided. 

Miss  Harriet  S.  McCobb  gave  a  report  of   the 

HOME    FOR   AGED    WOMEN, 

established  in  1854.  The  secretary  of  the  first  board  of  officers, 
Mrs.  Charles  A.  Lord,  is  still  living.  Mrs.  Neal  Dow  and  Mrs. 
Albus  Rea,  recently  deceased — the  last  of  the  original  twenty- 
five  managers, —  gave  their  untiring  services  for  nearly  thirty 
years.  The  first  home,  on  the  corner  of  Elm  and  Oxford 
streets,  accommodated  eight  persons.  The  present  commodious 
home  on   Emery  street  was  completed  and  occupied  in   1872.      It 


206  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

accommodates  twenty-two  inmates,  and  is  always  full,  with  many 
applications  ahead.  The  rules  require  an  admission  fee  of  fifty 
dollars  and  the  surrender  of  any  property  owned.  No  one  under 
sixty  years  of  age  is  received.  Since  the  establishment  of  the  home 
seventy-one  aged  women  have  found  a  shelter  there.  The  property 
of  the  institution,  exclusive  of  the  house  and  lot  in  Evergreen 
Cemetery,  the  gift  of  the  city,  is  valued  at  $25,000. 
The  account  of  the 

woman's  christian  association, 

by  Mrs.  Asa  Dalton,  President,  was  read  by  the  secretary.  Miss 
Cornelia  Dow.  This  institution  was  organized  in  1869,  and  work 
projected  under  several  departments.  The  first  of  these  in  operation 
was  the  visiting  department,  whose  work  was  an  expansion  of  that  of 
the  old  Portland  Tract  Society,  formed  fifty-nine  years  ago,  which 
society  was  merged  in  the  association  in  1869.  The  association  has 
started  a  loan  library.  It  has  partly  sustained  Rev.  Mr.  Wilson  as 
missionary  at  large.  A  second  distinct  work  of  the  association  has 
been  the  establishment  of  a  boarding-home  for  women  coming 
to  the  city  to  engage  in  business — teaching  sewing  and  the  like. 
A  substantial  brick  house.  No.  26  Spring  street,  was  opened  in  1874. 
The  boarders  are  in  no  sense  beneficiaries,  but  pay  their  way,  and 
the  home  is  self-supporting.  After  thorough  repairs  it  re-opens  this 
month  with  promise  of  increasing  usefulness.  There  are  also  relief 
and  employment  departments,  with  the  germ  of  a  bureau  of  industry 
and  instruction. 

woman's  missionary  w^ork. 

The  report  of  woman's  missionary  work  in  connection  with  the 
churches  of  Portland  was  prepared  and  read  by  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Fenn. 
Fifty  years  ago  the  women  of  one  of  our  churches  supported  two 
children  in  Ceylon,  one  of  whom,  Frances  Chickering,  still  lives,  a 
faithful  Christian  woman.  The  women  in  connection  with  the  Bap- 
tist church  contributed  over  five  hundred  dollars  a  year  to  foreign 
missions.  Good  work  is  also  done  for  home  missions,  and  for 
the  McAll  mission  in  France.  The  women  of  the  seven  Congrega- 
tional churches  organized  in  1873  for  foreign  missionary  work,  and 
raised  about  one  thousand  dollars  a  year  for  that  field  and  three 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  207 

hundred  dollars  a  year  for  home  missions.  Boxes  of  clothing  are  also 
sent.  The  women  of  the  Episcopal  churches  contribute  about  four 
hundred  dollars  a  year  to  home  missions,  chiefly  for  the  Oneida 
Indians  and  for  a  mission  in  Mexico.  The  Free  Baptist  church  con- 
tributes very  generously  in  proportion  to  its  membership,  raising  two 
hundred  and  thirty-eight  dollars  last  year  for  missions,  most  of  which 
was  sent  to  India.  The  Friends  contribute  one  hundred  dollars  a 
year  to  missionary  work.  The  Methodist  women  of  Portland  organ- 
ized a  W,  F,  M,  society  in  1870,  to  which  they  contributed  over  four 
hundred  dollars  last  year.  The  Roman  Catholic  sisters  of  mercy  do 
a  large  amount  of  home  mission  work.  The  Portland  Unitarian 
Auxiliary  numbers  about  one  hundred  members,  and  contributes  one 
hundred  and  ten  dollars  a  year  to  Preble  Chapel,  seventy  dollars  a 
year  to  the  American  Unitarian  Association,  and  about  five  hundred 
tracts,  pamphlets,  books  and  packages  to  the  post-office  mission. 
The  ladies  of  the  Universalist  churches  have  only  recently  organized. 
They  have  contributed  sixty  dollars  to  a  small  mission  in  Glasgow, 
but  have  been  mainly  engrossed  in  home  charities. 

THE    INDIAN    ASSOCIATION 

was  represented  by  its  president,  Mrs.  Myra  Frye,  The  society  was 
organized  in  1882,  Allusion  was  made  to  the  recent  sad  death  of 
Frank  Modoc,  occasioned  by  his  unwarrantable  removal  with  his 
tribe  to  unhealthy  lands. 

THE    RELIEF    CORPS 

connected  with  Bosworth  and  Thatcher  Posts  were  reported  by  Mrs. 
F.  C.  Johnston.  The  former  was  organized  in  1869  and  has  the 
distinction  of  being  the  first  association  of  that  kind  in  the  country. 
The  object  of  these  societies  is  well  known. 

THE    FEMALE    PROVIDENT    ASSOCIATION 

was  reported  by  its  secretary,  Mrs.  J.  H,  Coffin.  The  early  records 
were  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  1866;  an  old  cash  book  which  was  alone 
preserved,  commences  with  an  entry  of  $1.00  from  Mr.  St.  John 
Smith,  December,  1855.  The  amount  raised  by  regular  subscriptions, 
from  1855  to  the  present  time  is  about  $9,000.  But  a  single  dollar 
has  ever  been  given  in  money.     In  material,  the  amounts  given  since 


208  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

the  reorganization,  in  1866,  have  been,  in  round  numbers:  10,000 
yards  print,  9,000  yards  cotton  cloth,  2,000  yards  flannel,  1,000  yards 
cotton  flannel,  300  yards  dress  goods,  800  pairs  boots  and  shoes, 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Bashford  presented  a  report  prepared  by  Mrs.  A,  W. 
Longfellow  concerning  the 

TEMPORARY    HOME    FOR    WOMEN    AND    CHILDREN. 

The  idea  and  the  first  efforts  toward  a  temporary  home  were  the 
direct  outgrowth  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  In  1882  it  became  a  separate 
organization,  being  incorporated  as  a  State  institution.  The  man- 
agement is  in  the  hands  of  an  executive  committee  of  six,  one  of 
whom  visits  the  home  daily,  and  reports  at  the  weekly  meeting.  By 
the  gifts  of  friends  a  new  house  and  pleasant  grounds  were  secured 
at  the  West  End,  in  1884,  with  no  indebtedness.  One  hundred  and 
seventeen  inmates  have  been  received  and  the  results  in  saving  the 
fallen  and  finding  homes  for  fatherless  children  have  been  most 
encouraging.  The  State  recognizes  and  appropriates  $500  annually 
for  this  institution. 

The  report  of  the 

MARTHA    WASHINGTON    SOCIETY 

prepared  by  its  secretary,  Mrs.  G.  W.  Beals,  was  read  by  Mrs. 
George  S.  Hunt.  It  was  formed  in  1841,  as  a  total  abstinence 
society.  Hon.  Neal  Dow  has  been  a  firm  friend  of  the  society  from 
the  first.  Among  the  early  officers  were  Mrs.  Dr.  Lord,  Mrs.  George 
S.  Barstow,  Mrs.  Roberts,  Mrs.  Holden  and  others.  Mrs.  Moses 
Dodge,  who  has  held  the  office  of  treasurer  since  1853,  celebrates 
her  seventy-fourth  birthday  on  this  centennial  occasion. 

THE    woman's    CHRISTIAN    TEMPERANCE    UNION 

was  represented  by  its  president,  Mrs.  George  S.  Hunt.  The  motto 
of  the  union,  "For  God  and  Home  and  Native  Land,"  expresses  its 
aim  in  a  sentence.  The  women  in  the  Martha  Washington  Society, 
among  the  Good  Templars,  etc.,  doubtless  prepared  the  way  for  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.  The  union,  however,  grew  directly  out  of  the  Woman's 
Temperance  Society,  and  was  organized  in  1879.  The  Woman's 
Temperance    Society   opened    the    coffee    house    in    January,    1877, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  209 

established  the  Diet  and  Flower  Missions  the  summer  of  1S77,  and 
the  Police  Mission,  June  18,  1877.  The  Diet  Mission  is  now  carried 
on  by  a  separate  organization,  the  Flower  Mission  has  just  been 
passed  over  to  the  Y.  W.  C.  T.  U.,  while  the  Friendly  Inn  and  the 
Police  Mission  remain  in  charge  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  The  Police 
Mission  is  characterized  by  deeds,  not  words.  The  Police  Matron 
looks  after  from  300  to  400  unfortunate  and  sinful  women  a  year. 
The  coffee  house  is  now  called  the  Friendly  Inn,  and  is  kept  as  a 
lodging  house.  It  embraces  a  boys'  reading  and  amusement  room  for 
the  winter,  and  will  open  a  charity  kindergarten  this  summer. 

THE   YOUNG   WOMEn'S    CHRISTIAN   TEMPERANCE   UNION 

was  reported  by  its  secretary,  Miss  Florence  Scales.  It  was  or- 
ganized in  January,  1886.  The  beginning  is  characterized  by  much 
enthusiasm  and  vigorous  action,  especially  in  the  Flower  Mission  and 
Kitchen  Garden  departments.  The  society  is  certain  to  have  a 
future. 

The  exercises  were  happily  interspersed  with  music,  Mrs.  Jennie 
King  Morrison  and  Miss  Lizzie  Brown  rendering -solos,  and  Mrs. 
Morrison  and  Miss  Brown  a  duet.  Dr.  Bashford  pronounced  the 
benediction." 


14 


210  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


TtiK    SKCOND    DAV. 


OBSKRVANCKS    ON     NlONDAY,    JULY    STH. 


The  day  opened  auspiciously.  A  slight  shower  dur- 
ing the  night  had  cooled  the  air  and  laid  the  dust.  The 
weather  was  pleasant,  but  not  oppressively  warm.  The 
boys  long  before  daylight  began  their  usual  celebration 
of  the  anniversary  of  the  nation's  independence,  by  the 
discharge  of  fire-arms  and  crackers.  At  sunrise  a 
salute  of  one  hundred  guns  was  fired  from  the  Eastern 
Promenade. 

By  eight  o'clock  the  streets  presented  a  holiday 
aspect.  The.  public  buildings  and  many  stores  and 
private  residences,  which  on  Saturday  had  been  finely 
decorated,  were  increased  in  number  until  bright  col- 
ored flags  and  bunting  greeted  the  eye  in  all  directions. 
The  streets  were  filled  with  an  immense  throng  of 
people  seeking  the  best  places  to  view  the  great  parade. 
The  ubiquitous  vender  of  lemonade  of  all  colors,  and 
candy  equally  varied  in  hue,  was  driving  a  lively  trade. 
Men  with  toy  balloons,  and  men  with  all  sorts  of  notions 
were  moving  about  and  offering  their  wares.  The 
crowd  was  constantly  increased  by  fresh  numbers  arriv- 
ing from  the  surrounding  country  and  points  upon  the 
railroads.  In  some  places  walking  on  the  sidewalks 
was  an  impossibility.  People  accordingly  filled  the 
roadways,  and  in  the  central  part  of  the  city  moved 
rapidly  back  and  forth  to  the  ever-changing  points  of 
interest   as   the  troops   commenced  to  arrive  and  take 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  211 

positions.  The  police  in  their  full  dress  uniforms  were 
busily  engaged  keeping  clear  those  places  reserved  for 
guests  and  the  different  divisions  in  the  parade. 

PROCESSION. 

The  second  day  of  the  Centennial  Celebration  was 
devoted  to  the  parade  and  procession.  This  feature  of 
the  celebration  from  the  time  spent  in  the  preparation 
of  its  details,  and  the  large  number  of  the  bodies  and 
associations,  who  were  to  take  part  in  the  parade,  was 
expected  to  be  the  attractive  feature  of  the  three  days' 
celebration.  The  results  fully  justified  this  opinion;  for 
at  no  previous  time  in  the  history  of  our  city  was  there 
such  a  varied  and  magnificent  display.  It  not  only 
excited  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  the  strangers, 
who  came  from  abroad  to  take  a  part  in  and  witness  the 
celebration,  but  our  own  citizens  were  not  prepared  for 
such  a  pageant,  illustrating  as  it  did  in  some  of  its 
features,  the  growth  and  progress  of  our  city  during 
the  past  century.  It  was  the  longest  procession  that 
ever  paraded  the  streets  of  Portland,  excepting  how- 
ever, perhaps,  the  parade  of  the  Grand  Army  in  June, 
1885,  being  three  and  a  half  miles  in  length. 

"  The  procession,  as  a  whole,  was  the  most  magnifi- 
cent pageant  ever  seen  in  the  State  of  Maine.  It  was 
as  varied  in  its  character  as  it  was  splendid  in  all  its 
details.  It  represented  the  army,  the  navy,  the  veterans 
who  put  down  the  rebellion,  the  good  old  times  of  the 
past,  the  schools,  which  are  the  hope  of  the  future,  the 
civic  bodies  of  the  city,  the  railroads  which  have  built 
up  its  trade,  its  manufactures  and  commerce,  and  its 
splendid  fire  department.     The   display  of   the   trades 


212  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

was  a  surprise,  showing  as  it  did  the  variety  of  our 
manufactures  and  the  extent  of  our  business  relations. 
Great  taste  was  displayed  in  the  several  exhibits,  and 
the  whole  did  much  credit  to  the  public  spirit  of  our 
business  men." 

The  gentlemen  who  were  members  of  the  various 
committees  under  whose  direction  and  by  whose  labors 
the  procession  was  so  successfully  carried  out,  are  enti- 
tled to  great  thanks  for  their  valuable  services. 

The  procession  was  divided  into  nine  divisions  as 
follows,  viz.:  I,  Naval  Division;  2,  Military  Division; 
3,  Historical  Division;  4,  Public  Schools;  2,  Civic  Divis- 
ion; 6,  Transportation  Division;  7,  Manufacturers  and 
Trades;  8,  Fire  Department;  9,  Street  Department. 

ROUTE    OF    THE     PROCESSION. 

The  route  of  the  procession  was  as  follows,  viz.: 
Beginning  at  City  Hall,  and  proceeded  through  Con- 
gress, Washington,  Cumberland,  High,  Deering,  State, 
Congress,  Carlton,  Pine,  State,  Danforth,  Park,  Pleas- 
ant, High  and  Congress  streets,  to  Lincoln  Park,  where 
the  procession  was  reviewed  and  dismissed. 

The  order  of  formation  was  according  to  the  follow- 
ing order,  viz.: 

Headquarters  Chief  Marshal, 

Centennial  Procession, 

Portland,  July  J,  1886. 
General  Order,  No.  3. 

The  column  of  the  Centennial  Procession  will  move  in  the  follow- 
ing order. 

By  order  of  H.  S.  Melcher,  C/iief  Marshal. 

Charles  D.  Clark,  Adjt.  General. 
Official : 

Merwin  W.  Clark,  Asst.  Adjt.  Ge?ieral. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


213 


PLATOON    OF    POLICE. 

Chandler's  Band. 

Detachment  of  Battery  M,  4th  U.  S.  Art.,  as  escort  to  Chief  Marshal. 

Chief  Marshal,  Holman  S.  Melcher. 

Captain  Charles  D.  Clark,  A.  G. 

Colonel  HoLLis  B.  Hill,  Chief  of  Staff. 

Bugler.  Colors. 

Colonel  Henry  M.  Sprague,  Chief  of  Ordnance. 

Major  Albert  A.  Nickerson,  Inspector  General. 

Major  William  H.  Green,  Paymaster  General. 

Major  Charles  H.  Boyd,  Chief  of  Topographical  Engineers. 

Captain  Whitman  Sawyer,  Quartermaster  General. 

Captain  Geo.  M.  Seiders,  Judge  Advocate  General. 

George  L.  Swett,  Commissary  General. 

Edward  C.  Jordan,  Chief  of  Engineers. 

Lyman  W.  Hanson,  Chief  of  Artillery. 

John  P.  Thomas,  Chief  of  Cavalry. 

Mervin  W.  Clark,  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

Arthur  K.  Hunt,  Assistant  Quartermaster  General. 


AIDS. 


Capt.  Horace  H.  Shaw, 
Capt.  Appleton  H,  Plaisted, 
William  Senter,  jr., 
Jabez  True, 
X.  John  Little, 
Geo.  H.  McKenney, 
William  L.  Dana, 


Capt.  Samuel  Thurston, 
Caleb  N.  Lang, 
George  M.  Young, 
Jere.  S.  Douglass, 
Augustus  H.  Prince, 
Fred  B.  Libby, 
William  McLellan. 


honorary  staff. 

Gen.  Henry  G.  Thomas,  Chief,  and  the  following  gentlemen 

mounted. 


Mathew  Benson, 
John  F.  Barrett, 
Dr.  A.  G.  Pierce, 
Edward  S.  Hall, 
John  W.  Leathe, 
Charles  J.  Anderson, 
Charles  H.  Oldham, 


Burt  M.  Woodman, 
Melvin  J.  Hawkes, 
Elias  Thomas, 
Harry  G.  Thomas, 
Wilbert  O.  Pitcher, 
F.  A.  Smith,  jr. 
James  H.  Barnes, 


George  L.  Barrows, 
Joseph  H.  Day, 
E.  H.  Baker, 
Levi  M.  Blake, 
George  Tohnan, 
Capt.  J.  P.  INLirquand, 
Washington  Libby, 


214 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


T.  Johnson, 
Joseph  H.  Wolff, 
Amory  H.  Rogers, 
Frank  E.  Haggett, 
F.  L.  Jones, 
John  A.  Thompson, 
J.  A.  King, 
James  S.  Marrett, 


Fred  H.  Cobb, 
Benj.  F.  Strickland, 
Fred  Groves, 
Daniel  P.  Horr, 
George  S.  Hawkes, 
Charles  A.  Brown, 
John  W.  Stockwell, 
Freedom  Nash, 


John  H.  Russell, 
Andrew  J.  Rich, 
Thomas  H.  Randall, 
Milton  A.  Jewell, 
Fred  A,  Kimball, 
Wm.  J.  Knowlton, 
Dr.  Wm.  H.  True, 
John  H.  Flannagan. 


FIRST   DIVISION   (NAVAL). 

NAVAL  BRIGADE  NORTH  ATLANTIC  SQUADRON. 

Naval  Brigade  Band. 

Commander  E.  T.  Woodward,  Commanding. 
Lieutenant  R.  H.  McLean,  Adjutant  General. 
Surgeon  F.  M.  DuBois,  Surgeon. 
Paymaster  Theodore  S.  Thompson,  Commissary. 
Paymaster  H.  G.  Skelding,  Quartermaster. 
Ensign  W.  S.  Sims,  Signal  Officer, 

MARINE    BATTALION. 

Captain  J.  M.  T.  Young,  Commanding. 

First  Lieutenant  H.  G.  Ellsworth,  Commanding  First  Company. 
Second  Lieut.  C.  M.  Perkins,  Commanding  Second  Company. 
Second  Lieut.  C.  A.  Doyen,  Commanding  Third  Company. 

INFANTRY    BATTALION. 

Lieutenant  Commander  W.  Reisinger,  Commanding. 
Lieutenant  Richard  Wainwright,  Major. 
Lieutenant  H.  H.  Hostey,  Adjutant. 
Past  Assistant  Surgeon  D.  N.  Bertolette,  Surgeon. 
Lieutenant  W.  Kilburn,  Commanding  First  Company. 
Lieutenant  R.  M.  Doyle,  Commanding  Second  Company. 
Ensign  T.  W.  Kellogg,  Commanding  Third  Company. 
Lieutenant  S.  Seabury,  Commanding  Fourth  Company. 
Lieutenant  York  Noel,  Commanding  Fifth  Company. 
Naval  Cadet  W.  W.  Joynes,   Commanding  Sixth  Company. 
Ensign  B.  C.  Dent,  Commanding  Seventh  Company. 
Lieutenant  W.  P.  Elliott,  Commanding  Eighth  Company, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  215 

ARTILLERY    BATrALION, 

Lieutenant  Commander  T.  A.  Lyons,  Commanding. 

Lieutenant  A.  P.  Nazro,  Major. 

Ensign  E.  E.  Capehart,  Adjutant. 

Past  Assistant  Surgeon  R.  Ashbridge. 

Lieutenant  F.  E.  Sawyer,  Commanding  Platoon. 

Naval  Cadet  B,  M.  Lombard,  Chief  of  Section. 

Naval  Cadet  James  E.  Shindel,  Chief  of  Section. 

Ensign  J.  M.  Orchard,  Commanding  Platoon. 

Naval  Cadet  H.  A.  Bispham,  Chief  of  Section. 

Naval  Cadet  J.  T.  Bootes,  Chief  of  Section. 

Ensign  Houston  Eldridge,  Commanding  Platoon. 

Naval  Cadet  A.  Rust,  Chief  of  Section. 

Naval  Cadet  W.  W.  Gilmer,  Chief  of  Section. 

Detachment  from  U.  S.  Revenue  Cutter  Dallas,  with  gun. 

Detachment  from  U.  S.  Revenue  Cutter  Woodbury,  with  gun. 

SECOND  DIVISION  (MILITARY). 

Yarmouth  Brass  Band. 

Brig.  Gen.  Charles  P.  Mattocks,  Commanding  Staff. 
Lieut.  Col.  A.  W.  Bradbury,  Chief  of  Staff. 
Lieut.  Col.  D.  O'C.  O'Donoghue,  Inspector. 
Lieut.  Col.  George  F.  McQuillan,  Commissary. 
Major  Thomas  P.  Shaw,  Quartermaster. 
Major  Charles  W.  Bray,  Surgeon, 
Lieut.  Charles  F.  Swett,  Acting  Assistant  General. 
Lieut.  Elmer  E.  Waterhouse,  Aid. 
Lieut.  Charles  H.  McKusick,  Aid. 

FIRST    REGIMENT    OF    INFANTRV. 

John  J.  Lynch,  Colonel,  Portland. 

Edward  H.  Ballard,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Augusta. 

Benjamin  J.  Hill,  Major,  Auburn. 

Edwin  C.  Milliken,  First  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant,  Portland. 

Charles  A.  Perry,  First  Lieutenant  and  Quartermaster,  Portland. 

Frank  P.  Scully,  Major  and  Surgeon,  Portland. 

G.  Hartwell  Brickett,  First  Lieut,  and  Assist.  Surgeon,  Augusta. 


216  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

NON-COMMISIONED    STAFF, 

Thomas  J.  Hogan,  Sergeant  Major,  Portland, 
D.  Wilbur  Heseltine,  Hospital  Steward,  Portland, 
Thomas  J.  Lappin,  Quartermaster  Sergeant,  Portland. 
George  C.  Barrows,  Commissary  Sergeant,  Portland, 
Charles  W,  Bean,  Principal  Musician,  Portland. 
Walter  S.  Abbott,  Principal  Musician,  Norway. 

PORTLAND    LIGHT    INFANTRY,  CO.    A. 

Benjamin  A,  Norton,  Captain,  Portland. 
George  C.  Barrows,  First  Lieutenant,  Portland. 
George  M,  Blake,  Second  Lieutenant,  Portland, 

PORTLAND    MECHANIC    BLUES,    CO,    B. 

Charles  W.  Davis,  Captain,  Portland. 

AUBURN    LIGHT    INFANTRY,    CO,    C. 

Fred  E.  Bisbee,  First  Lieutenant,  Auburn. 

NORWAY    LIGHT    INFANTRY,    CO.    D. 

George  R.  Howe,  Captain,  Norway. 

Seward  S.  Stearns,  First  Lieutenant,  Norway. 

William  K.  Reed,  Second  Lieutenant,  Norway. 

PORTLAND    MONTGOMERY   GUARDS,    CO.    E. 

John  A.  Gallagher,  Captain,  Portland, 

John  A.  Hankard,  First  Lieutenant,  Portland. 

Edward  E.  Philbrook,  Second  Lieutenant,  Portland. 

CAPITAL   GUARDS,    AUGUSTA,    CO.    F. 

Winfield  S.  Choate,  Captain,  Augusta. 
George  Doughty,  First  Lieutenant,  Augusta. 
Edwin  R.  Bean,  Second  Lieutenant,  Augusta. 

BIDDEFORD    LIGHT    INFANTRY,    CO.    G, 

Lucius  H.  Kendall,  Captain,  Biddeford. 
George  W.  Bryant,  First  Lieutenant,  Biddeford. 
Timothy  Elliot,  Second  Lieutenant,  Biddeford. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  217 

RICHARDS    LIGHT   INFANTRY,    CO.    H. 

Edward  A.  Southard,  Captain,  Gardiner. 
Alva  G.  Moody,  First  Lieutenant,  Gardiner. 

GRAND   ARMY    BATTALION. 

Colonel,  E.  H.  Harmon. 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  E.  L.  Prindle. 
Major,  Edward  E.  Philbrook. 

BOSWORTH    POST,    PORTLAND. 

Fred  A.  Motley,  Commander. 

George  F.  French,  Senior  Vice  Commander. 

Richard  D.  Berry,  Junior  Vice  Commander. 

William  S.  Dunn,  Quartermaster. 

George  H.  Bailey,  Surgeon, 

Edwin  C.  Milliken,  Adjutant. 

SHEPLEY  CAMP,  SONS  OF  VETERANS,  PORTLAND. 

William  A.  Perry,  Captain. 

THATCHER    POST,    PORTLAND, 

John  D.  Williams,  Commander. 

Edward  L,  Prindle,  Senior  Vice  Commander. 

William  H.  H.  Pettengill,  Junior  Vice  Commander. 

William  H.  True,  Surgeon. 

Charles  W.  Hadlock,  Quartermaster. 

Daniel  W.  Scribner,  Adjutant. 

UNATTACHED   COMPANIES. 

Yarmouth  Rifles,  Captain  F.  B.  Merrill. 

Bath  Light  Infantry,  Captain  Harry  C.  Stetson. 

Portland  Cadets,  Captain  H,  C.  Eastman. 

THIRD  DIVISION  (HISTORICAL). 

Buxton  Band. 

George  Doane  Rand,  Marshal. 

Aids,  J.  Winchester  Dana,  Captain  George  E.  Brown. 

Guidon,  Howard  Corning, 


218  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

FIRST    CAR INDIAN    CAMP. 

Two  men  in  costumes  of  loo  years  ago. 

SECOND   CAR — THE   COMING   OF    CLEEVE   AND   TUCKER. 

Two  men  in  costumes  of  ninety  years  ago. 

THIRD    CAR THE    FIRST    HOUSE. 

Two  men  in  costumes  of  eighty  years  ago. 

FOURTH    CAR — BLOCKHOUSE,    1 689. 

Two  men  in  costume  of  seventy  years  ago. 

FIFTH    CAR THE    HEBDOMADAL    TRIBE,   GEORGE    D.    WEEKS,    CHIEF, 

Two  men  in  costume  of  sixty  years  ago. 

SIXTH    CAR INTERVIEW    WITH    MOWATT. 

Two  men  in  costume  of  fifty  years  ago. 

SEVENTH    CAR TOWN    MEETING. 

Two  men  in  costume  of  forty  years  ago. 

EIGHTH    CAR AN    EARLY    COURT. 

Two  men  in  costume  of  thirty  years  ago. 

NINTH    CAR GOING    TO    CHURCH    IN    YE    OLDEN    TIME. 

Two  men  in  costume  of  twenty  years  ago. 

TENTH  CAR — EXPRESS  COACH  TO  BOSTON. 

Two  men  in  costume  of  ten  years  ago. 
Heralds. 

ELEVENTH  ALLEGORICAL  CAR PORTLAND. 

FOURTH  DIVISION  (SCHOOLS). 

Albro  E.  Chase,  ISIarshal. 
Aids,    Nathan    Clifford,    Fred    C.    Tolman,    William  F.  S.    Brown, 
Arthur  B.  Fernald. 

Colors. 

Jiri'efiile  Band  of  Brimsiuick. 

High  School  —  60  Pupils. 
Marshal,  David  Welch. 
Aids,  John  W.  Connellan,  George  G.  Gatley,  Edward  B.   Mathews, 
Edwin  M.  Latham. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  219 

Shailer  School — 80  Pupils. 
Marshal,  LeRoy  S.  Moody, 
Aids,  Lewis  P.  Huston,  George  Neal,  Clarence  H.  Sparrow. 

Primary  No.  i,  Monument  Street — 32  Pupils. 
Marshal,  Clarence  Brooks. 
Aids,  John  Gulliver,  Fred  Oliver. 

North  School — 250  Pupils. 
Marshals,  Grammar   Department,  William    Hawkins,   Thomas    Des- 
mond, Ernest  Turner,  William  Farrington.    Primary  Department, 
Joseph  Anderson,    John  Murphy,    Weaker  Davis,    Willie  Davis, 
James  Connellan,  Edward  McDonough. 

Center  Street — 112  Pupils. 
Marshals,  Michael    Dooley,   Mark    Lang,    Thomas  Closson,  Patrick 

Wallace. 
Aids,  Joseph  Curran,  William  Casley,  Patrick  Delaney,  John  Barrett, 

William  McAlmon,  Thomas  Conley,  John  Conley,  lidward  Cady. 

Peaks  Island — 20  Pupils. 
Marshal,  George  Lapham. 

West  School — 50  Pupils. 

Marshals,  Henry  W.  Varney,  Chas.  C.  Garland,  Ernest  Haskell. 

LegauWs  Band  of  Portland. 

Butler  School — 130  Pupils. 

Marshals,  Frank  C.  Allen,  Leon  Riggs,  Richard  D.  Small,  Stephen 

T.  Rogers,  Fred  P.  Noyes. 
Aids,  Edwin  A.    Merritt,    Frank    L.    Wiggin,   Daniel    O'Donoghue, 
Charles    E.    Strong,    John    K.    Symonds,     Harry    C.    Josselyn, 
Winifred   D.    Denison,    Edwin    C.    Nesmith,   Maurice  C.   Rich, 
Frelon  C.  Bolster. 

Primary  No.  9,  Vaughan  Street — 35  Pupils. 
Marshal,  Arthur  Chamberlain. 
Aids,  Bertie  Edson,  Percy  Burrowes. 

Primary  No.  8,  Brackett  Street — 125  Pupils. 
Marshals,  Wm.  H.  Clifford,  jr.,  George  W.  Herscy. 

Primary  No.  6,  Park  Street — 39  Pupils. 
Marshal,  Robert  Weiss. 
Aids,  Charles  Brown,  Prince  Davis. 


220  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Primary  No.  5,  Spring  Street — 52  Pupils. 
Marshals,  Paul  Goold,  Jakie  Hume. 
Aids,  Edmund  Sawyer,  John  Hayes,  Weston  Eaton. 
Butler  School  Drum  Corps. 
Cumberland  Street  School — 80  Pupils. 
Marshals,  Fred  H.  Sanborn,  Percy  W.  Swett,  Chas.  M.  Leighton. 
Aids,  Harry  Colburn,  Arthur  Leach,  Charles  May,  Robert  Dunbar, 
Almon  Rich,  Charles  Baker. 

Primary  No.  2,  Chestnut  Street — 55  Pupils. 
Marshal,  William  G.  Clark. 
Aids,  James  C.  Smith,  Thomas  E.  Bibber. 

Primary  School  No.  4,  Casco  Street — 80  Pupils. 
Marshals,  Albert  F.  Smith,  Wm.  J.  Plummer,  Bertram  E.  Brett. 
Aids,    Charles    M.    Carney,    Edward    E.    Meserve,    Fred    H.   King, 
Albert  E.  Jordan,  Percy  Clark,  Eugene  C.  Smith. 

Primary  School  No.  7,  School  Street — 44  Pupils. 
Marshal,  John  Sheehan. 
Aids,  George  P.  King,  Gustave  Welchman. 
School  Committee  in  carriages. 

Seventeen  barges  and  wagonettes  conveying  the  misses  of  the 
Grammar  Schools. 

Six  cars  representing  allegorical  subjects. 

FIFTH  DIVISION   (CIVIC). 
Institute  Band. 
Major  Frank  L.  Mosely,  Marshal. 
Aids,  Charles  F.  Tobie,  Lewis  J.  Carney. 

Colo7-S. 

Canton  Ridgely,  No.  i,  Patriarchs  Militant — Captain  H.  C. 
Colesworthy,  commanding,  Lieutenant  W.  E.  Plummer. 

Canton  Ridgely,  No.  5,  Patriarchs  Militant — Lieut.  Freeman 
T.  Merrill,  commanding,  Ensign  Fred  E.  Haskell. 

jPortland  Fife  and  Drum   Corps. 
Damon  Division  Uniform  Rank  No.  i,  K.  of  P.,  of  Lewiston — 

John  Sabine,  commanding, 
Portland  Fraternity  Cadets. 
Portland  Wheel  Club — Captain  Plarry  Higgins. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  221 

Carriages. 

Portland  Yacht  Club,  Patriarchs  Militant, 

Knights  of  Pythias,  Board  of  Trade, 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Irish  American  Relief  Association. 

Grattan  Literary  Association. 

Maine  Charitable  Mechanics'  Association. 

Sons  of  Temperance. 

Maine  Genealogical  Society. 

SIXTH  DIVISION  (TRANSPORTATION). 

Colors. 

Merryman^s  Band. 
Walter  Tolman,  Marshal. 

Aids,  Frank  D.  Rogers,  William  Allen,  jr.,  John  Evans,    Dana  H. 
Miles. 

Carriage  containing  representatives  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad. 

Carriage  drawn  by  six  horses  —  Maine  Central  Railroad. 

Carriage  containing  representatives  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway. 

Two  teams  drawn  by  four  horses  each — Grand  Trunk  Railway. 

Twelve  coaches  drawn   by  six  horses  each — C.    R.    Milliken,   Glen 
House. 

Carriage  containing  representatives  of  the  Portland  and  Ogdensburg 
Railroad. 

Three  teams  drawn  respectively  by  two,  four  and  six  horses — Portland 
and  Ogdensburg  Railroad. 

Six  teams,  four  two  and  one  horse  teams — American  Express  Com- 
pany. 

One  team — Canadian  Express  Company. 

Three  teams — Prince's  Express. 

Two  teams — International  Express  Company. 

SEVENTH  DIVISION  (MANUFACTURES  AND  TRADES). 

Bridgton  Band. 

Herald  with  Banner. 
George  M.  Moore,  Marshal. 
Fred  D.  Ellis,  Chief  of  Staff. 


222  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Aids,  Austin  D.  Sulivan,  Martin  A.  Dillingham,  Isaac  C.  Atkinson, 
Peter  H.  Bradley,  Charles  A.  Plummer,  William  P.  Goss,  Albert 
L.  Merry,  Joseph  H.  Lamson,  George  W.  Sylvester,  Willard  C. 
Ware,  William  H.  Stevens,  Albert  S.  Rines,  Charles  A.  Gushing, 
Wm.  H.  H.  Saunders,  Thomas  P.  R.  Cartland,  Thomas  H. 
McDonnell. 

Glover's  Band  of  Auburn. 

Maine  Commercial  Travellers  Association. 

Portland  Company. 

Quinn  &  Company. 

Portland  Stone  Ware  Company. 

Atwood  Lead  Company. 

G.  M.  Stanwood  &  Company. 

Diamond  Wrench  Company. 

Star  Match  Company. 
Forest  City  Sugar  Refinery. 
Webb  &  Gushing. 
Boot  and  Shoe  Manufacturers. 
Shaw,  Coding  &  Co.  C.  J.  Walker  &  Co. 

Lord,  Haskell  &  Co.  B.  B.  Farnsworth, 

A.  F.  Cox  &  Co.  John  P.  Thomas. 

Bridgto?i  Band. 

Miscellaneous  Firms. 

True  Bros.  J.  W.  Perkins  &  Co. 

Cook,  Everett  &  Pennell.  H.  H.  Hay  &  Son. 

Chas  McLaughlin  &  Co.  W.  &  C.  R.  Milliken. 

Cousens  &  Tomlinson,  Shaw,  Son  &  Hawkes. 

Conant,  Patrick  &  Co.  H.  S.  Melcher  &  Co. 

Fletcher  &  Co.  F.  A.  Smith  &  Co. 

Washburn  &  Skillings.  Howes,  Hilton  &:  Harris. 

S.  A.  &  J.  H.  True.  S.  W.  Thaxter  &  Co. 

Stevens  &  Co.  J,  B.  Donnell. 

Perley,  Russell  &  Co.  I.  S.  Bean. 

Dana  &  Co.  A.  T.  Hall. 

A.  H.  Sawyer.  F.  D.  Lunt  &  Co. 

Twitchell,  Champlin  &  Co.  John  L.  Best. 

Swift  &  Co.  A.  E.  Stevens  &  Co. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


223 


C.  E.  Jose  &  Co. 

Cumberland  Bone  Co. 

L.  C.  Cummings  &  Co. 

F.  O.  Bodge. 

John  Conley  &  Co. 

Berlin  Mills  Co. 

S.  W.  Larrabee. 

Rumery,  Birnie  &  Co. 

Gilbert  M.  Soule. 

Samuel  Rounds. 

Clark  Bros. 

George  Rounds. 

Frank  Gould. 

C.  H.  Pike. 

McCue  &  Walsh. 

C.  W.  York. 

Parker  &  Nagle. 

Plummer  Bros. 

O.  C.  Evans. 

Jas.  T.  Knight. 

Walter  Corey  &  Co. 

T.  P.  Beals. 

T.  H.  McDonnell  &  Co. 

Portland  Carpet  Beating  Co. 

J.  F.  Merrill. 

Boston  &  Portland  Clothing  Co. 

A.  H.  Coe. 

Wm.  P.  Goss. 

A.  Little  Sc  Co. 

Millett  &  Little. 

Megquier  &  Jones. 

E,  B.  Robinson. 

New  England  Organ  Co. 

Algernon  Stubbs. 

Portland  Advertiser. 

Portland  Globe. 

Zenas  Thompson,  jr. 

C.  G.  Robinson, 


A.  A.  Mitchell. 

C.  W.  Belknap  &  Co. 
Daniel  T.  Kelley. 
Kendall  &  Whitney. 
W.  L.  Blake  &  Co. 

W.  H.  Simonton  &  Son, 
Legrow  Bros. 
S.  M.  Smart. 
Randall  &  McAllister. 
J.  Larochelle. 

D.  S.  Warren. 
J.  L.  Watson. 
Randall  Johnson. 
William  Haggett. 
Isaac  Littlejohn. 
R.  H.  White. 

W,  E.  Carter, 

A.  N,  Hawes. 
K.  McDonald. 
Durgin  &  Crocker. 
Tenney  &  Dunham. 
T.  F,  Foss  &  Sons. 
R.  T.  Davis  &  Co. 
W.  H.  Winslow  &  Co. 
John  N.  Lord. 

B.  A.  Atkinson  &  Co. 
A.  L.  Merry. 

R.  F.  Somers  &  Co. 
Chinese  Laundry. 
Eastman  Bros.  &  Bancroft. 

C.  E.  Bean. 
Owen,  Moore  &  Co. 
Samuel  Thurston. 

J.  L.  Brackett  &  Co. 
J.  H.  Lamson. 
Evening  Express. 
Horse  and  Carriage  Mart. 
G,  W.  Jones. 


224  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

W.  H.  Dunham.  P.  H.  Bradley. 

Goudy  &  Kent  West  &  Calderwood. 

W.  H.  Whittier.  George  Hudson. 


Thomas  Carey. 


Cavalcade  of  Grocers. 
Provision  Dealers. 


EIGHTH  DIVISION  (FIRE  DEPARTMENT). 

Cataract  Engine,  No.  i  (1802). 

Atlantic  Engine,  No.  2  (the  first  engine  built  here). 

Peaks  Island  Engine,  No.  i. 

Norway  Band. 

Board  of  Engineers. 
Officers  and  Members  of  the  Department. 
Machigonne  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  i. 
Portland  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  2. 
Cumberland  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  3. 
Falmouth  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  4. 
Casco  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  5. 

NINTH   DIVISION  (STREET  DEPARTMENT). 

George  S.  Staples,  Marshal. 
Colors. 

Ox  train  of  1786  for  road  building. 
Modern  street  sweepers. 
Road  roller  of  1836  —  fifty  years  ago. 
Steam  Road  Roller  of  1886. 

Accounts  of  the  Procession  as  published  in  the 
Portland  Daily  Press  and  Portland  Daily 
Argus  of  Tuesday,  July  6th: 

"  It  was  about  half-past  nine  o'clock  when  the  naval  brigade  from 
the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  landed  and  moved,  in  a  long  column  of 
marines,  blue-jackets  and  artillery,  up  Exchange  street  to  Chestnut 
street,  where  they  formed  in  line  to  await  the  starting  of  the  pro- 
cession.    By  this  time  there  were  signs  of    preparation  on  every 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  225 

Street  in  the  central  part  of  the  city.  The  historical  tableaux  were 
lumbering  out  from  behind  business  blocks  and  taking  in  their 
occupants — men  in  cocked  hats,  knee  breeches  and  remarkable  wigs, 
women  in  great  bonnets  and  antiquated  gowns,  girls  in  white  robes, 
and  boys  in  every  fashion  of  garb.  Mounted  officers  dashed  hither 
and  thither  in  the  dense  crowds  that  lined  the  whole  length  of 
Congress  street,  from  the  corner  of  Washington  to  the  cross  streets 
far  up  town. 

About  ten  o'clock  the  school  children  marched  into  position  at 
Lincoln  Park,  and  formed  in  a  line  which  extended  the  whole 
length  of  the  Park  on  Congress  street.  They  stood  arrayed  in  their 
best  clothes  and  whitest  collars  for  full  half  an  hour  waiting  for  the 
van  of  the  procession.  The  commercial  travelers,  in  white  stove- 
pipes and  linen  dusters,  crowded  on  to  the  grand  stand  behind  the 
school  boys,  and  joined  the  urchins  in  cheering  the  naval  brigade, 
the  Governor,  the  venerable  fathers  of  the  city,  and  other  people  or 
objects  of  interest  when  the  procession  was  starting.  The  Heb- 
domadal Indians,  with  great  fluttering  of  feathers  and  scalp  locks, 
moved  to  their  positions  just  before  the  procession  was  ready  to 
start.  They  were  much  admired  by  the  line  of  school  boys,  and  the 
drummers  answered  their  war  whoops  with  cheers.  No  barter  was 
attempted,  however. 

At  ten  o'clock  the  streets  were  closed  to  teams,  when  the  booming 
of  cannon  announced  the  formation  of  the  procession,  and  carriages 
were  hurried  into  side  streets. 

As  the  hour  for  the  line  to  move  approached,  steps  of  the  houses 
and  buildings  were  taken  possession  of  by  the  crowd.  The  boys 
were  equal  to  the  occasion,  and  every  fence  and  post  had  its 
occupants.  While  waiting  for  the  parade  to  appear  on  the  different 
streets  there  was  plenty  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  people.  In 
Lincoln  Park  the  great  balloon  was  slowly  assuming  shape  as  the  gas 
flowed  into  it,  and  on  every  hand  there  was  something  of  interest. 

At  the  instant  the  signal  guns  were  fired  (10.30  o'clock)  the  van  of 
the  procession  started  down  Congress  street,  picking  up  the  various 
detachments  as  it  moved.  Nearly  every  cross  street  added  its  con- 
tingent to  the  line,  and  after  the  naval  brigade  had  been  marcliing  in 
the  van  for  an  hour  and  a  half  the  rear  of  the  line  had  not  started. 
It  was  not  until  the  bells  of  the  city  were  ringing  for  noon,  and  the 
15 


226  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

war-ships  in  the  harbor  were  firing  the  noon  salute,  that  the  fire 
companies  began  moving  from  their  place  of  formation  on  Federal 
street  to  take  their  places  in  the  rear  of  the  long  line.  Behind  the 
fire  department  was  the  street  department,  and  it  was  past  noon 
when  the  steam  road  machine  began  to  rumble  along,  the  last  and 
by  no  means  the  least  remarkable  object  in  the  long  caravan.  By 
this  time  the  van  had  passed  from  Congress  street  to  Washington, 
and  thence  into  Cumberland,  and  had  been  on  the  march  for  over  an 
hour  and  a  half. 

At  a  few  minutes  after  half-past  twelve  o'clock,  while  the  last 
division  was  swinging  into  line  down  on  India  street,  the  people  in 
Lincoln  Park  heard  the  music  of  the  leading  band  as  the  head  of  the 
column  reached  the  City  Hall,  having  nearly  completed  the  march. 
Immediately  after  the  members  of  the  staff  of  the  chief  marshal 
dashed  up  to  the  Congress  street  entrance  to  the  Park,  escorting  the 
Governor  and  his  staff,  the  naval  and  military  officers,  and  other 
guests  who  had  ridden  in  barouches  in  the  procession.  The 
voccupants  of  the  carriages  alighted  and  ascended  the  steps  to  the  ' 
long  reviewing  stand  which  had  been  built  behind  the  iron  railings 
of  the  Park.  Governor  Robie  and  his  staff  occupied  seats  about 
midway  between  the  entrance  and  Franklin  street.  Next  came  the 
officers  from  the  squadron  and  the  military  officers,  with  members  of 
the  City  Government  and  distinguished  guests,  who  occupied  seats 
upon  both  sides  of  the  entrance.  As  the  procession  passed  the  stand 
the  numbers  upon  it  received  accessions  as  the  gentlemen  who  had 
ridden  in  other  parts  of  the  procession  came  forward  to  see  the 
passing  of  what  came  behind  them  in  the  long  line.  The  first 
arrivals  had  scarcely  taken  their  seats  before  the  head  of  the  pro- 
cession reached  the  Park,  and  then  for  an  hour  and  a  half  the  long 
line  moved  on  by  the  stand,  each  division  being  greeted  with  great 
applause  by  the  spectators,  and  their  salutations  being  returned  by 
the  gentlemen  upon  the  stand. 

First  came  the  detached  platoon  of  the  policemen,  looking  finely 
in  their  liandsome  uniforms  and  marching  with  precision.  Chandler's 
Band,  discoursing  the  best  of  martial  music,  preceded  the  detach- 
ment of  Battery  M,  Fourth  United  States  Artillery,  which  acted  as 
escort  to  the  chief  marshal.  The  regulars  marched  with  the  pre- 
cision of  veterans,  and,  with  the  sunlight  shining  on  their  arms   and 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  227 

accoutrements,  presented  a  fine  appearance.  Major  Hoi  man  S. 
Melcher  and  his  staff,  dressed  in  their  neat  uniforms,  consisting  of 
dark  coats,  top  boots,  gauntlet  gloves  and  soft  felt  hats,  then  moved 
by  the  stand  and  wheeled  into  line  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street. 
After  them  came  the  honorary  staff  of  fifty  horsemen  under  the 
command  of  General  Henry  G.  Thomas. 

FIRST  DIVISION. 

The  naval  brigade  of  the  North  Atlantic  squadron  composed  of 
the  officers,  seamen  and  marines  of  the  flagship  Tennessee,  the 
Swatara,  the  Galena  and  Yantic  certainly  was  one  of  the  prettiest 
and  most  attractive  features  of  the  parade.  The  naval  men,  with 
their  weather-beaten  faces,  bronzed  by  tropical  climates  and  stormy 
winds,  appeared  as  a  fine  body  of  soldiers  and  the  manner  in  which 
those  tars  paraded,  the  way  they  carried  themselves,  keeping  step 
with  the  sounds  of  the  marches  furnished  by  the  famous  brass  band 
of  the  flagship  Tennessee,  certainly  put  many  a  landsman  to  shame, 
and  the  praises  and  commendations  bestowed  upon  such  a  fine  and 
handsome  body  of  officers  and  men,  were  certainly  not  misplaced, 
but  w^ell  deserving. 

In  front  of  the  brigade  marched  Commander  E.  T.  Woodward,  U. 
S.  Navy,  the  commander  of  the  forces,  dressed  in  a  well-fitting  dress- 
coat,  bound  with  gold  laced  stripes  and  wearing  a  service  cap  of  blue 
naval  cloth,  and  as  well  as  everybody  in  the  brigade,  supplied  with  a 
pair  of  snow-white,  well-fitting  duck  leggins.  After  their  commander, 
followed  in  line  abreast  the  personal  staff  of  Captain  Woodward, 
composed  of  Lieut.  R.  H.  McLean,  the  handsome  Adjutant  General, 
Surgeon  F.  M.  Dubois,  Paymaster  T.  S.  Thompson,  Commissary, 
Paymaster  H.  G.  Skelding,  Quartermaster  and  Ensign  W.  S.  Sims, 
signal  officer. 

A  tall,  handsome  drum  major,  Mr.  James  Liebe,  U.  S.  M.  C.  of 
flagship  Tennessee,  headed  the  excellent  brass  band  of  the  tlaj^sliip 
which,  dressed  in  their  full  dress  uniform  with  helmets,  marched  in  a 
manner  which  could  not  for  a  moment  betray  to  the  observer  that 
those  musicians  travelled  on  the  deep  blue   sea  in  our  naval  vessels. 

The  marches  played  by  the  band  were  fine  ones,  and  the  nuisic 
furnished  was  delivered  in  an  excellent  manner. 

The  marine  battalion  under  command  of  the  gallant  Captain  J.  M. 


228  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

T.  Young,  the  fleet  marine  officer  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron, 
was  welcomed  with  cheers  and  the  noble  soldiers  certainly  did  honor 
to  their  flag,  and  maintained  also  on  this  occasion  their  well  earned 
reputation.  The  marine  battalion  was  composed  of  three  companies, 
which  were  in  charge  of  the  following  named  officers  of  the  United 
States  Marine  Corps:  First  Lieutenant  H.  G.  Ellsworth,  commanded 
the  first  company;  Lieutenant  C.  M.  Perkins,  the  second;  and  Lieu- 
tenant C.  F.  Dogen,  the  third. 

After  the  marine  battalion,  came  the  second  battalion  of  the  Naval 
Brigade,  Lieutenant  Commander  W.  W.  Reisinger,  U,  S.  Navy.  A 
short,  stout  and  very  fascinating  officer  headed  the  battalion  of 
infantry  of  blue  jackets ;  his  staff  was  composed  of  the  following 
named  officers  who  came  next  to  their  hero  commander :  Lieutenant 
Richard  Wainwright,  as  handsome  an  officer  as  ever  bore  his  coun- 
try's colors;  Lieutenant  H.  H.  Hosley ;  Adjutant  and  Passed  Assist- 
ant Surgeon,  D.  N.  Bertolette.  This  battalion  consisted  of  eight 
companies. 

In  the  center  of  the  battalion  the  color-guard  of  the  Tennessee 
was  noticed,  bearing  the  beautiful  silk  battalion  flags  and  the  National 
ensign  borne  by  Corporal  Julian  Delaney,  U.  S.  Navy. 

The  Infantry  men  carried  rifles  and  all  were  furnished  with 
canteens. 

The  third  and  last  battalion  of  this  portion  of  the  procession  was 
the  Artillery.. 

To  see  a  parade  of  men-of-war's-men  certainly  is  a  rare  sight,  but 
to  see  a  battalion  of  Naval  Artillery  a  still  rarer  one,  and  great 
interest  was  aroused  when  the  ships'  guns  in  the  form  of  artillery 
field  pieces  were  dragged  along.  The  guns  consisted  of  four  three- 
inch  breech  loading  howitzers,  boat  guns,  and  two  of  the  wliolesale 
death-dealing  machines,  the  Gatling  guns,  guns  which  fire  at  the  rate 
of  from  iioo  to  1300  shots  per  minute. 

This  battalion  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant-Commander  T.  A. 
Lyons,  U.  S.  Navy,  the  executive  officer  of  the  U.  S.  Steamer  Galena. 
To  the  left  of  the  Colonel  was  Lieut.  A.  P.  Nazro,  of  the  Tennessee,  an 
excellent  officer  and  a  handsome  soldier,  the  Major  of  the  artillery: 
Ensign  E.  E.  Carpsehart,  Adjutant,  and  P.  A.  Surgeon  Richard 
Ashbridge,  were  the  other  officers  on  the  Colonel's  staff. 

The  first  platoon  of  artillery  was  under  the  charge  of  Lieut.  F.  E, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  220 

Sawyer,  and  the  field  pieces  of  this  section  were  commanded  by 
Cadet  R.  M.  Lombard  and  Cadet  James  E.  Shindel.  Cadet  Shindel 
is  the  officer  who  had  charge  of  the  rescuing  party  of  sailors,  which 
so  gallantly  saved  the  property  from  the  burning  schooner,  Li/zie 
Baker,  in  this  harbor  the  week  previous.  Ensign  J.  M.  Orchard  com- 
manded the  second  platoon.  The  following  named  officers  were  in 
charge  of  pieces  :  Cadet  H.  A.  Bispham,  Cadet  J.  T.  Bootes,  Cadet 
Arnistead  Rust  and  Cadet  W.  W.  Gilmer. 

We  feel  confident,  and  everyone  to  whom  we  have  spoken  on  this 
subject  acknowledge  and  say  with  us,  that  it  is  an  impossibility  to 
bestow  too  high  praise,  too  much  honor  upon  the  naval  brigade  ;  the 
sailors,  marines  and  their  officers  certainly  deserve  the  highest  credit, 
and  we  cannot  help  but  thanking  and  expressing  our  highest  grati- 
tude to  Capt.  Robert  Boyd,  the  chief  of  staff  of  the  North  Atlantic 
Station,  this  handsome  son  of  Portland,  the  noble  sailor,  for  pre- 
senting to  the  city  so  magnificent  and  noble  a  sight  as  we  saw  in 
the  naval  brigade  which  participated  in  the  parade. 

A  detachment  of  officers  and  sailors  from  the  revenue  cutter 
Woodbury,  in  port,  followed  the  naval  brigade,  and  appeared  as  a 
fine,  though  small  body  of  men.  A  muzzle-loading  gun,  placed  on  a 
wagon  handsomely  decorated  with  a  U.  S.  revenue  flag  and  pennants, 
and  drawn  by  four  horses,  with  a  jolly  tar  for  driver,  followed. 

SECOND   DIVISION. 

The  military  division,  headed  by  the  Yarmouth  band,  followed  the 
blue  jackets.  The  First  Regiment  of  the  Maine  Militia  is  a  well 
drilled  and  good  looking  body  of  men,  and  never  marched  better  than 
on  yesterday  when  with  full  ranks  and  moving  in  excellent  order  the 
companies  swept  by  the  grand  stand,  following  General  Charles  P. 
Mattocks,  marshal  of  the  division,  and  his  staff,  and  Col.  John  J. 
Lynch,  commanding,  and  staff.  The  troops,  just  from  the  annual 
muster,  had  the  bearing  of  veterans  and  they  won  the  praise  of  all 
who  saw  them. 

The  soldiers  of  today  were  followed  by  the  soldiers  of  twenty-four 
years  ago,  forming  the  Grand  Army  battalion  under  command  of  Col. 
E.  H.  Harmon.  The  members  of  Bosworth  Post,  Commander  Motley, 
and  Thatcher  Post,  Commander  Williams,  wore  the  Grand  Army 
regalia   and   turned    out    with    full    ranks.     A    color    guard    from 


230  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Bosvvorth  Post  had  charge  of  the  battered  battle  flag  of  the  13th 
Maine,  which  was  torn  and  worn  in  the  campaigns  of  the  rebellion. 
The  tattered  flag  of  the  First  Maine  Battery  was  also  carried.  With 
them  were  carried  the  staffs  of  a  number  of  captured  Confederate 
flags,  the  flags  themselves  being  kept  in  Washington.  The  Boxer 
gun  on  a  decorated  floor  was  drawn  after  the  Grand  Arm}^  Posts. 

Shepley  Camp,  Sons  of  Veterans,  Captain  Wm.  H.  Perry,  were  in 
the  battalion  and  did  themselves  credit. 

The  unattached  companies  came  next.  There  were  four  of  them, 
the  Portland  Cadets,  Captain  Eastman ;  the  Yarmouth  Rifles, 
Captain  Merrill;  the  Bath  Light  Infantry,  Captain  Stetson,  and  the 
Fraternity  Primary  Cadets  who,  forty-five  strong,  in  the  gray  uniforms 
showed  themselves  worthy  of  marching  with  the  other  companies, 
and  that  is  saying  a  good  deal  for  them.  About  500  men  were  in  the 
ranks  in  this  division.  Carriages  containing  the  following  were 
escorted  by  the  military : 

Gov.  Frederick  Robie,  Mayor  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Hon.  Wm.  D. 
Pennell,  Lewiston,  President  of  the  Senate ;  Gen.  Samuel  J. 
Gallagher,  Augusta. 

Col.  Augustus  C.  Hamlin,  Bangor;  Col.  F.  M.  Guptill,  Saco  ;  Col. 
Samuel  N.  Campbell,  Cherryfield ;  Col.  Charles  C.  Burrill,  Ellsworth. 

Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin,  Bangor;  Col.  Albert  B.  Nealley,  Lewis- 
ton;  Col.  William  B.  King,  Calais;  Col.  Frank  D.  Pullen,  Bangor. 

Col.  Wm.  A.  R.  Boothby,  Waterville ;  Col.  Wm.  F.  Boardman,  Calais ; 
Col.  Enoch  C.  Farrington,  Portland ;  Col.  Frank  C.  Knight,  Rock- 
land. 

Col.  George  E.  Dole,  Bangor ;  Col.  Ruel  T.  McLellan,  Portland ; 
Col.  J.  Frank  Hayden,  Bath. 

Governor's  Council — Hon.  Silas  C.  Hatch,  Bangor ;  Hon.  A.  R. 
Bixby,  Skowhegan  ;  Hon.  Joseph  A.  Locke,  Portland ;  Hon.  Andrew 
R.  G.  Smith,  Whitefield. 

Captain  Robert  Boyd,  Fleet  Surgeon  Jackson  McElwell,  of  the  U. 
S.  flagship  Tennessee. 

Commander  Chester,  Chief  Engineer  White,  of  the  U.  S.  S. 
Galena;  Chief  Engineer  Andrade,  Lieut.  Sharrer,  of  the  U.  S.  S. 
Swatara. 

Commander  Green,  Fleet  Surgeon  Kidder,  Flag  Lieutenant 
Abbott,  Surgeon  McGregor,  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Yantic. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  231 

Hon.  Joseph  R.  Bodwell,  Hallowell ;  George  F.  Emery,  Portland  ; 
Col.  Henry  S.  Osgood,  Portland. 

Collector  Samuel  J.  Anderson,  Surveyor  Bion  Bradbury,  Appraiser 
E.  R.  Pierce,  Postmaster  J.  S.  Palmer. 

Maj.  J.  A.  Smith,  U.  S.  A. ;  Capt.  Frank  Barr,  Lieut.  Rogers, 
Engineer  Barrows,  of  the  Revenue  Cutter  Dallas. 

Lieut.  Quinnon,  First  Engineer  Remick,  Second  Engineer  Water- 
man, of  the  Revenue  Cutter  Woodbury. 

Rev.  John  W.  Chickering,  d.  d.,  Massachusetts;  Rev.  Elijah  Kel- 
logg, Harpswell ;  Hon.  S.  F.  Parcher,  Mayor  of  Biddeford ;  Hon.  L. 
M.  Haskell,  Mayor  of  Auburn. 

Gen.  Horatio  C.  King,  New  York;  D.  Fuller  Appleton,  New 
York;  Hon.  Isaac  A.  Jack,  St.  John,  N.  B. ;  Hon.  Henry  L.  Gregg, 
Mayor  of  Hudson,  New  York. 

Hon.  Horatio  King,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Hon.  John  Lynch,  Wash- 
ington, U.  C. ;  Hon.  Henry  Carter,  Haverhill;  Rev.  J.  P.  T.  Ingra- 
ham,  St.  Louis. 

Rev.  Hugh  Smith  Carpenter,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Major  Charles  W. 
Stevens,  Boston  ;  Dana  Estes,  Boston  ;  John  H.  McDonough,  Boston. 

Prof.  Henry  L.  Chapman,  Bowdoin  College;  Leander  Stevens, 
Boston ;  George  H.  Shirley,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Hon.  D.  Gowan, 
Mayor  of  Lewiston. 

William  D,  Little,  Portland;  John  T.  Walton,  Portland;  William 
G.  Kimball,  Bridgton ;  Joseph  Brooks,  Kennebunk.    (See  Appendix). 

Thomas  G.  Caldwell,  Boston;  George  A.  Hanson,  Lynn;  E.  C. 
Carrigan,  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  Massachusetts;  H.  E. 
Fickett,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Cyrus  K.  Babb,  Boston. 

Rev.  J.  T.  Nichols,  Saco ;  Samuel  Longfellow,  Cambridge ;  Chas. 
P.  Ilsley,  Cambridge ;  N.  Goodwin,  Watertown,  Mass. 

Edward  L.  Greuby,  Wm.  S.  Philbrook,  Capt.  S.  Mitchell,  Col.  B.  B. 
Miller,  all  of  Boston. 

George  W.  Merrill,  Bangor ;  G.  H.  Soule,  Stockton,  Cal. ;  C.  F. 
Ring,  T.  J.  Long. 

Rev.  Horatio  Ilsley,  South  Freeport,  Me. ;  Harry  W.  Lord,  of  the 
East  Boston  Press. 

Charles  A.  Tilton,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Selectmen,  Cape 
Elizabeth ;  G,  W.  Leighton,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Selectmen, 
Westbrook, 


232  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Aldermen  George  W.  Beale,  Horace  H.  Ricker,  Thomas  McMahon, 
William  M.  Marks,  Herbert  G.  Briggs. 

Councilmen  John  P.  Hobbs,  Richard  K.  Gatley,  Henry  P.  Dewey, 
George  Trefethen,  Michael  C.  McCann,  Daniel  S.  Murphy,  Joseph 
A.  McGowan,  Patrick  J.  O'Neil,  Richard  H.  Parker,  Henry  P.  Cox, 
John  Williamson,  George  H.  Abbott,  Edward  W.  Kent,  Ansell  G. 
Dewey,  John  C.  Roberts. 

Assessors  John  W.  York,  Stephen  Marsh,  William  O.  Fox. 

THIRD    DIVISION. 

Historical  Tableaux  '  composed  the  third  division.  Probably  this 
division  was  awaited  with  as  much  interest  as  any  part  of  the  pro- 
cession. The  tableaux  were  eleven  in  number,  ending  with  a  grand 
allegorical  car  representing  Portland.  They  were  all  mounted  on 
what  are  called  floats ;  and  each  but  one,  which  was  drawn  by  oxen, 
was  drawn  by  four  splendid  horses.  As  they  passed  through  the 
streets,  with  their  streamers  and  banners  of  many  colors  floating  in 
the  breeze,  with  their  proudly  caparisoned  steeds,  and  amid  the 
cheers  and  applause  of  the  spectators,  they  formed  a  grand  pageant. 

Tableau  No.  i,  The  Natives,  was  drawn  by  four  horses,  with 
red  housings,  on  which  Indian  tomahawks  were  embroidered.  The 
scene  on  the  float  represented  an  Indian  wigwam  in  the  midst  of  the 
forest.  The  sides  of  the  wigwam  were  adorned  with  Indian  symbols. 
Here  and  there  were  erected  the  tripods  from  which  depended  the 
kettles  containing  the  food  which  the  squaws  were  preparing  for  the 
meals  of  the  warriors.  Indians  were  also  grouped  about,  engaged  in 
their  various  occupations.  The  ground  of  this  float  was  covered  with 
turf,  skins  secured  in  the  chase  were  scattered  about,  scalps  were 
suspended  from  a  pole,  showing  that  the  braves  of  the  tribe  were  at 
home.  The  scene  was  intensely  life-like  and  gave  a  good  idea  of  the 
primitive  Portland,  or  Casco,  as  it  was  then  known  in  1633.  This 
float  was  under  the  especial  care  of  Mr.  Charles  G.  Haines. 

Tableau  No.  2,  The  Approach,  represented  the  approach  of 
Cleeve  and  Tucker,  our  first  settlers,  to  Portland.  On  a  large  float, 
drawn  by  four  horses,  with  housings  decorated  with  pine  trees,  was 
erected  a  boat  of  the  shape  then  in  vogue,  sixteen  feet  in  length,  and 

"  See  appendix  for  illustrations  of  these  Tableaux. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  2o3 

rigged  with  a  lateen  sail.  In  this  boat  were  Cleeve  and  Tucker, 
Cleeve's  wife  and  daughter,  and  Tucker's  wife,  all  attired  in  the 
costume  of  the  period.  The  forward  part  of  the  boat  was  decked 
over  with  canvas,  and  here  was  stored  the  furniture  of  the  new 
settlers  who  were  making  a  landing  on  the  shores  of  Maine.  The 
boat,  on  a  decorated  base,  was  surrounded  by  water.  This  tableau 
was  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Fred  A.  Tompson,  of  Fassett  & 
Tompson,  architects. 

Tableau  No.  3,  Cleeve  and  Tucker  Building  the  First 
House. — Our  new  settlers  having  arrived,  are  in  this  tableau  pre- 
sumed to  be  at  work  erecting  their  residence.  This  float  had  a 
decorated  base,  and  bore  the  date,  1633.  It  represented  Cleeve 
and  Tucker  in  the  costume  of  the  seventeenth  century,  hard  at  work 
constructing  their  log  cabin.  Around  stretched  the  primeval  forest. 
Stumps  of  trees  were  scattered  here  and  there,  while  lying  near  at 
hand  were  the  guns  and  other  implements  of  the  chase  ready  to  be 
used  either  as  against  the  approaches  of  the  hostile  Indians  or  as  a 
protection  from  the  wild  animals  who  prowled  under  cover  of  the 
woods.  The  housings  of  the  horses  were  embroidered  with  an 
Indian  head.  This  tableau  was  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  J.  Calvin 
Stevens. 

Tableau  No.  4,  The  First  Block-house,  represented  an  old 
fashioned  block-house  hemmed  about  by  the  forest.  Here,  sheltered 
by  the  giant  trunks  of  the  trees,  the  Indians  lay  in  ambush,  while 
ever  and  anon  the  report  of  a  gun  would  be  heard  as  a  shot  was 
fired  at  the  occupants  of  the  block-house.  In  response,  the  settlers 
in  the  fort  took  advantage  of  every  movement  of  the  redskins  to  put 
in  a  leaden  messenger  whenever  the  opportunity  offered.  The  float 
was  drawn  by  four  horses,  on  whose  housings  were  represented  block- 
houses.    This  float  was  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  George  D.  Rand. 

Tableau  No.  5,  Munjov's  House. — Following  the  block-house 
was  Munjoy's  house,  a  well-built  pioneer's  cabin.  A  sturdy  settler, 
with  his  brave  wife,  defended  the  doors  of  their  home  against  tlie 
savage  attacks  of  the  Hebdomadal  Indians,  who  swarmed  al)out  tlie 
place.  For  a  while  the  savages  were  unsuccessful ;  but  finally  a 
painted  heathen  went  down  the  chimney  just  as  house  and  settlers 
rolled  away.     The  advantage  was  with  the  Indians. 


234  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Tableau  No.  6,  The  Mowatt  Conference,  represented  the 
scene  on  the  sloop-of-war  Canceau,  the  flagship  of  Mowatt's  fleet, 
when  Dr.  Cofiin,  Gen.  Preble,  and  Robert  Pagan  —  a  committee 
from  this  town  —  visited  Capt.  Mowatt  to  ask  him  not  to  bombard 
the  town.  In  answer  to  their  remonstrance,  Mowatt  said  that  "  if 
the  inhabitants  would,  in  the  morning,  by  eight  o'clock,  deliver  up  four 
pieces  of  cannon,  with  their  arms  in  general,  and  ammunition,  in  that 
case  he  would  do  no  harm  to  the  town  until  he  had  despatched  an 
express  to  Admiral  Graves,  in  command  of  the  station,  to  obtain 
leave  to  save  the  town."  The  sloop-of-war  Canceau,  as  represented 
on  the  float,  was  a  fine  model  of  a  sloop-of-war,  twenty-five  feet  over 
all.  She  was  painted  black,  with  white  ports,  and  showed  that  she 
carried  sixteen  guns.  Her  yards  and  topmasts  had  been  lowered,  so 
as  to  clear  away  for  action,  and  eight  guns  could  be  seen  on  deck 
amidships.  The  English  flag  was  hoisted  at  the  peak,  and  the  craft 
was  manned  by  English  tars.  On  the  quarter-deck  were  Captain 
Mowatt,  and  Lieut.  Hogg,  his  chief  oiificer,  in  full  uniform,  and  Dr. 
Coffin,  Gen.  Preble,  and  Robert  Pagan,  representing  the  citizens,  in 
appropriate  garb.  The  float  was  drawn  by  four  fine  horses,  with 
black  housings,  embroidered  with  anchors.  This  beautiful  tableau 
w'as  designed  from  the  model  in  the  Historical  Society's  collection, 
by  Mr.  Arthur  M.  Sawyer,  who  had  charge  of  the  float. 

Tableau  No.  7,  The  Town  Meeting,  represented  the  scene  after 
the  return  of  the  committee  from  the  interview  with  Mowatt  on  the 
Canceau,  on  October  18,  1775.  The  float  presented  a  shingle  roof 
building  drawn  by  four  horses  whose  housings  were  embroidered 
with  the  Pine  Tree  Flag.  The  float  bore  the  date  of  the  meeting. 
Within  these  walls  were  gathered  the  representative  men  of  the  town 
at  that  time,  such  as  Parson  Smith,  General  Preble,  Robert  Pagan 
and  others.  As  the  float  passed  along  the  streets  the  different  repre- 
sentatives of  the  citizens  rose  and  addressed  the  meeting  on  the 
subject  before  them  and  it  was  voted  under  no  consideration  to 
comply  with  Capt.  Mowatt's  demands.  This  tableau  was  under  the 
charge  of  City  Engineer  Goodwin,  and  the  men,  in  dress  and  general 
features  well  corresponded  to  the  dignified  bearing  of  the  citizens  of 
that  stirring  period. 

Tableau  No.  8,  Justice,  represented  the  Court  of    that  day  in 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  235 

session.  The  front  of  the  float  displayed  criminals  undergoing  the 
peculiar  punishments  of  the  time.  There  was  a  prisoner  tied  to 
the  whipping  post  and  undergoing  the  lashes  that  would  perhaps  still 
do  good  if  the  same  penalty  was  in  vogue  today.  Another  criminal 
was  doing  penance  in  the  stocks.  At  the  rear  of  the  float  was  a 
shingled  roofed  building  representing  the  court-room  where  the 
justice  and  lawyers  in  their  gowns  and  wigs,  with  solemn  and  meas- 
ured language,  tried  the  cases  brought  before  them.  The  housings 
of  the  horses  were  embroidered  with  Justice's  scales.  This  float  was 
under  the  charge  of  Mr.  S.  M.  Watson. 

Tableau  No.  9,  Ye  way  we  went  to  Meeting  in  ye  Olden 
Tyme,  was  represented  by  a  wagon  drawn  by  a  yoke  of  o.ven,  and  all 
the  figures  were  dressed  in  the  long-waisted  coats  and  knee  breeches, 
the  short  skirted  dresses,  capes  and  bonnets,  broad  buckled  shoes 
and  long  yarn  stockings  of  the  Revolutionary  times.  This  wagon 
was  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  George  E.  Brown,  and  the  characters 
were  seated  in  old-fashioned  chairs. 

Tableau  No.  10,  The  Old  Oaken  Buckep,  represented  the  old 
fashioned  well  of  1786.  The  well  itself  was  formed  of  rough  hewn 
logs,  which  had  become  moss-grown  by  time.  There  was  the  long 
old-fashioned  well  sweep,  and  the  bucket,  moss-covered,  that  raised 
to  the  curb  was  brimful  of  the  sparkling  element  drawn  from  its  cool 
depths.  The  well  was  attended  by  a  group  of  girls,  and  the  float 
was  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  Augustine  D.  Smith. 

Tableau  No.  ii.  Carrying  the  Mail,  represented  an  old-fash- 
ioned stage-coach  filled  without  and  inside  with  passengers  in  the 
old-time  costume.  Six  fine  horses  drew  the  mail.  Tlie  driver,  the 
guards  who  blew  their  post-horns,  were  all  mounted  and  armed  to 
resist  the  advances  of  highwaymen.  The  luggage  on  the  rack  was 
covered  with  canvas  on  which  was  painted  the  old  stopping  places, 
Saco,  Biddeford,  Portsmouth,  Newburyport,  Salem  and  Boston. 
Over  the  top  of  the  coach  was  the  inscription  Portland  and  Boston, 
and  underneath  the  coach  was  suspended  a  keg  marked  "  .Sun 
Tavern,  New  England  Rum."  Mr.  George  M.  Moore  was  the 
designer  and  had  charge  of  this  tableau. 

The  Allegorical  Car, —  The  closing  and  greatest  feature  of  the 
historical  display  was  a  grand  allegorical  car  representing  Portland. 
The  car  was  a  float  drawn  by  six  horses  and  as  large  as  one  of  the 


236 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


largest  circus  chariots,  although  it  represented  a  triumphal  car  in 
style.  The  dasher  was  shaped  like  an  eagle  and  gilded.  The  dec- 
orated car  was  festooned  with  rich  cloths  of  various  hues.  On  either 
side  was  the  city  seal,  flanked  with  dates,  in  scroll  work,  1 786-1 886. 

The  car  body  was  shaped  like  a  pavilion,  while  the  rear  of 
the  chariot  was  fashioned  in  the  shape  of  an  horn  of  plenty,  from 
which  sprung  a  cluster  of  handsome  flags.  The  slender  decorated 
Pompeian  pilasters  were  canopied  with  rich  satins  of  all  colors,  with 
streamers  from  the  center  of  the  canopy  diverging  to  the  sides  of 
the  car.  The  corners  of  the  car  were  formed  of  shields.  On  a 
high  throne  at  the  back  of  the  car  sat  a  female  figure  represent- 
ing Portland,  wearing  the  mural  crown  and  grasping  the  caduceas 
or  Mercury's  wand,  and  representing  prosperity.  In  front,  on  other 
elevated  platforms,  sat  other  female  figures.  The  platform  occupied 
by  the  figure  of  Portland  bore  on  either  side  a  scroll  with  the  word 
"  Salved  The  front  of  the  car  was  composed  of  a  smaller  pavilion, 
retaining  the  general  features  of  the  main  car,  and  this  was  also  com- 
posed of  rich  satins,  while  small  banners  decked  the  canopies  of 
both  pavilions  of  the  chariot.  This  smaller  pavilion  was  also  occu- 
pied by  female  figures,  attired  to  represent  —  as  did  those  in  the 
larger  —  history,  science,  painting,  commerce,  architecture,  sculpture, 
poetry  and  manufactures,  while  Minerva,  with  helmet  and  shield,  pre- 
sided over  the  smaller  pavilion.  History  bore  the  trumpet  and  open 
book;  Poetry  a  wreath  of  roses  and  manuscript  trimmed  with  laurel; 
Science,  the  globe  and  composer;  Commerce,  the  trident  and  anchor; 
Manufactures  was  enthroned  on  bales  of  goods;  Architecture  bore  a 
book  of  design;  Painting,  the  easel  and  brush;  Sculpture  was  mod- 
eling. Amidst  all  the  beautiful  surroundings  of  this  magnificent 
allegorical  tableau,  with  its  beautiful  women,  its  flags  and  streamers, 
its  gilded  ornaments,  its  lamps  of  an  Eastern  pattern,  its  rich  satins 
and  ribbons,  flowers  with  their  fragrance  in  tall  Egyptian  jars,  and 
rare  potted  plants  were  distributed,  heightening  the  Oriental  effect. 
To  the  artistic  taste  of  Mr.  H.  B.  Brown,  the  well  known  artist,  is 
due  the  success  of  this  pageant,  and  the  designing  of  this,  the  finest 
allegorical  tableau  ever  seen  in  Portland. 

The  tableaux  was  preceded  by  three  mounted  knights  as  heralds, 
Messrs.  Little,  Keith  and  Weston.  The  housings  of  the  horses  that 
drew  the  car  were  of  purple  and  old  gold. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  237 

The  historical  tableau  special  committee  was  composed  of  Messrs, 
H.  B.  Brown,  William  M.  Marks  and  Augustine  D.  Smith. 

English  Jack  dressed  in  buckskin  and  carrying  a  rifle,  rode  after 
the  historical  tableaux  in  a  decorated  barouche. 

FOURTH    DIVISION. 

Mr.  Albro  E.  Chase,  Principal  of  the  High  School,  was  the  marshal 
of  the  division  made  up  from  the  schools,  and  he  headed  a  fine  repre- 
sentation of  the  pupils  of  the  public  schools,  nearly  seven  hundred 
of  whom  were  in  line.  The  Boys'  Band  of  Brunswick  headed  the 
eighty  pupils  from  the  High  School,  who  bore  a  banner  with  the 
motto,  '■''Possunt  quia  posse  vtdeniur." 

The  pupils  from  the  Shailer  school  came  next  with  their  appropriate 
banner.  The  stout  young  fellows  from  the  North  school  with  their 
banner  and  motto,  "  Knowledge  is  Power,"  were  next  in  line,  and 
then  came  a  long  column,  all  marching  proudly,  wearing  badges  and 
many  dressed  in  appropriate  uniforms.  The  other  schools  carried 
banners  with  the  following  inscriptions  : 

North  Primary  School — "  No  Footstep  Backward." 

West  School — "  Education." 

Butler  School — "  Education  Makes  the  Man." 

Cumberland  Street  School — "  Step  by  Step." 

Primary  4 — "  Upright  and  Loyal." 

Primary  5 — "  By  Perseverance  we  Conquer." 

Primary  6 — "  Excelsior." 

Primary  7 — "  Work  Conquers." 

Primary  8 — "  Our  Schools  Our  Country's  Hope." 

Primary  9 — "  Loyal  to  Our  City." 

Drum  corps  from  the  different  schools  made  music  for  the  small 
marchers  if  not  for  others,  and  all  the  boys  enjoyed  the  parade  hugely, 
judging  from  their  happy  faces  when  they  marched  by  the  reviewing 
stand  looking  as  fresh  as  when  they  started. 

The  Allegorical  Cars. — The  series  of  allegorical  floats  or  cars 
following  the  boys  were  six  in  number,  and  occupied  almost  exclu- 
sively by  members  of  the  public  schools.  The  horses  on  all  the  cars 
had  plumes  and  coverings  of  a  grayish  stripe  and  were  driven  by 
neat  looking  drivers  in  white  caps,  shirts  and  belts.     The  decorations 


238  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

of  these  cars  reflect  great  credit  upon  the  taste  and  skill  of  Mr.  John 
L.  Shaw,  who  had  labored  not  in  vain  to  make  them  a  beautiful  and 
prominent  feature  of  the  procession. 

The  first  float  represented  the  thirteen  original  States,  and  was 
drawn  by  two  horses.  Like  all  the  rest,  it  had  its  name  in  large 
characters  upon  the  side.  The  trimmings  were  red  and  white  stripes 
draped  about  the  base  with  red  and  blue  bunting.  Persian  rugs 
covered  the  floor.  In  this  group  were  thirteen  young  ladies  dressed 
in  white  with  red  and  blue  ribbons.  The  shields  on  their  heads  were 
decorated  with  blue  ribbons  with  the  name  of  the  original  State  on 
each. 

The  second  car,  The  United  States,  drawn  by  four  horses,  was 
lined  by  sm.all  American  flags  and  festooned  with  the  national 
bunting.  The  States  were  represented  by  thirty-eight  girls  dressed 
in  appropriate  costumes.  On  their  heads  were  shields,  each  bearing 
the  name  of  a  State  on  red  ribbon.  From  an  elevated  seat  in  the 
rear  of  this  car  the  Goddess  of  Liberty  presided.  The  colors  red, 
white  and  blue  figured  conspicuously. 

Next  in  order  was  the  Centennial  Car,  prettily  trimmed  and  cov- 
ered with  narrow  stripes  of  blue  and  white  and  bordered  at  the  top 
and  bottom  with  bunting  of  red,  white,  blue  and  orange.  Little  gold 
stars  surrounded  the  top,  Persian  rugs  covered  the  floor,  and  chairs 
of  appropriate  styles  were  upon  this  car.  It  was  drawn  by  two  horses 
and  contained  three  couples.  The  first  couple  were  decorated  with 
costumes  of  the  Revolutionary  times.  The  second  couple  showed  a 
transition  of  fifty  years  leaving  Brother  Jonathan  with  his  stove-pipe 
hat  and  abbreviated  pantaloons.  The  last  pair  showed  what  modern 
art  and  science  have  contributed  to  make  man  stylish  and  elegant. 

The  fourth  car,  Music,  was  drawn  by  four  horses.  The  national 
colors  were  almost  the  only  ones  used,  the  scroll  work  around  the  top 
being  of  the  same  colors.  The  car  was  filled  by  thirty  children  with 
red,  white  and  blue  gauze  caps,  having  on  the  front  a  star  and  harp. 
In  the  rear  with  a  golden  harp  the  "  Queen  of  Song  "  sat  upon  a 
beautiful  chair  beneath  a  red  and  white  striped  canopy.  The  national 
airs  were  prettily  sung  by  these  children  as  the  great  procession 
moved  along  the  route. 

The  car  of  Agriculture,  drawn  by  four  horses,  had  a  large  square 
platform  and  was  one  of  the  richest  in  colors  in  the  whole  series,  th  e 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  239 

principal  colors  being  blue  and  white  upon  a  background  of  orange. 
Implements  and  fruits  of  the  harvest  were  artistically  arranged  at 
the  corners  and  sides  of  the  car.  The  "Queen  of  the  Harvest"' 
wore  a  hat  trimmed  with  wheat  and  a  rich  tarlatan  veil  witii  gilded 
leaves  upon  it  and  on  her  shoulder  carried  a  golden  cornucopia  tilled 
with  emblems  of  a  successful  harvest.  The  three  Catholic  schools 
of  this  city  filled  this  car  with  thirty  misses  who  sang  their  harvest 
songs  in  a  very  pleasing  manner. 

The  last  car  of  the  series  was  Flora,  drawn  by  four  horses.  The 
songs  were  well  given  by  young  lady  graduates  of  the  Portland  High 
School,  who  in  dresses  of  white,  decorated  with  flowers,  made  this 
car  one  of  the  prettiest  and  most  attractive.  The  "  Flower  Queen  " 
on  her  commanding  seat  added  to  the  beauty  of  the  group. 

Following  the  floats  came  ten  barges  closing  the  division  and 
carrying  young  ladies  from  the  schools.  Members  of  the  school 
committee  rode  in  carriages  in  the  division. 

FIFTH    DIVISION. 

Next  to  the  school  children  came  the  civic  bodies,  headed  by 
the  Institute  Band  of  twenty-four  pieces  from  Biddeford,  and  mar- 
shaled by  Major  Frank  L.  Moseley.  Fifty  uniformed  Odd  Fellows 
of  Grand  Canton  Ridgeley,  No.  2,  Patriarchs  Militant,  were  in  line. 
They  were  uniformed  in  black  and  crimson,  and  bore  a  banner  of 
red,  white  and  purple,  with  gilt  devices. 

Twenty-seven  Knights  of  Pythias,  of  the  Uniform  Degree  Rank, 
from  Lewiston,  dressed  in  black,  with  white  helmets  and  red  plumes, 
followed,  marching  to  the  music  of  the  Maine  State  Fife,  Drum  and 
Bugle  Corps. 

Twenty-four  members  of  the  Portland  Wheel  Club  followed  on 
bicycles,  with  two  more  on  tricycles,  commanded  by  Captain  Harry 
Higgins.  They  moved  two  abreast,  and  the  tricycles  brought  up  the 
rear,  decorated  with  banners.  The  wheelmen  were  uniformed  in 
brown,  and  made  a  fine  appearance  as  they  moved  past  the  reviewing 
stand. 

Following  the  wheelmen  was  a  very  pretty  float,  prepared  by  the 
Portland  Yacht  Club.  The  club  displayed  on  a  car,  with  ornamented 
base,  decorated  with  blue  and  red  drapery,  on  which  were  placed 
oars  and  boat-hooks  crossed.       In  the  center  of  the  car,  on  a  raised 


240  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

platform,  was  a  schooner-yacht  in  full  sail,  five  feet  over  all,  and 
eight  feet  in  length  from  the  end  of  the  jib-boom  to  the  end  of  the 
main-boom.  Every  feature  of  the  yacht  was  perfectly  ship-shape, 
and  drew  the  enconiums  of  all  old  sailors.  On  the  platform  about 
the  yacht  were  yachting  emblems,  such  as  swivel  guns,  steering 
apparatus,  etc.  At  the  peak  was  the  yacht  club  flags,  at  the  fore  the 
American  flag,  and  at  the  main  the  private  signal  of  the  yacht.  The 
housings  of  the  horses  were  marked  with  the  monogram  "P.  Y,  C. " 
After  the  float  came  the  officers  of  the  club,  G.  C.  Owen,  Henry  G. 
Smith,  and  Perez  Griffin,  in  a  carriage. 

After  the  officers  of  the  Yacht  Club  were  carriages  containing 
officers  of  the  following  societies  : 

Officers  of  the  Cumberland  Bar  Association,  Byron  D.  Verrill, 
Esq.,  Hon.  Nathan  Cleaves,  Sewall  C.  Strout,  Esq.,  Geo.  F.  Holmes, 
Esq. 

Officers  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  Grand  Secretary  Joshua  K.  Davis, 
Grand  Representative  J.  Henry  Crockett,  Department  Commander 
of  the  State  Oren  B.  Whitten,  Grand  Patriarch  Milton  Higgins. 

Officers  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  Albert  T.  Marsh,  Elliott  King, 
Charles  B.  Nash,  George  C.  Ricker. 

Officers  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  President  Joseph  E.  Blabon,  Vice- 
president  Charles  McLaughlin,  Secretary  M.  N.  Rich,  Treasurer 
Charles  S.  Fobes. 

Officers  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  A.  R.  Verrill, 
V.  R.  Foss,  H.  W.  Shaylor,  N.  D.  Winslow. 

Officers  of  the  Grattan  Literary  Association,  President  W.  W. 
Mclntire,  Vice-president  J.  B.  Bresnan,  Secretary  J.  H.  Conway, 
Treasurer  Peter  O'Connor. 

Officers  of  the  Maine  Charitable  Mechanics'  Association,  M.  A. 
Blanchard,  J.  B.  Thorndike,  A.  F.  Gerrish,  R.  B,  Sewall. 

Officers  of  the  Sons  of  Temperance,  S.  L.  Carleton,  Henry  Towle, 
I.  H.  McDonald,  James  F.  Sheldon. 

Officers  of  the  Maine  Genealogical  Society,  S.  M.  Watson,  Charles 
Burleigh. 

D.  R.  Jack,  Esq.,  Spanish  Vice  Consul  at  St.  John,  N.  B.,  John  T. 
Hull,  Clerk  of  the  Centennial  Committee. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  241 

SIXTH  DIVISION. 

Merriman's  Band,  twenty-five  pieces,  headed  the  sixth  division, 
under  the  command  of  Marshal  Walter  Tolman.  This  division  was 
devoted  to  transportation  companies.  First  came  the  Maine  Central's 
display.  On  a  float  drawn  by  six  horses  was  a  train  bound  for 
Mt.  Desert.  A  lady  passenger  looked  out  of  a  car  window  very  com- 
placently, and  the  bell  of  the  engine  rang  at  suitable  limes.  Extend- 
ing over  the  train,  like  the  sides  of  a  tent,  were  two  large  paintings  of 
Bar  Harbor.  This  was  one  of  the  best  executed  and  most  elaborate 
pieces  in  the  whole  procession.  On  the  housings  of  the  horses  the 
words  "Maine  Central"  were  inscribed.  The  engine  was  partly 
hidden  by  the  paintings,  but  appeared  to  be  a  powerful  machine. 
The  car  attached  to  the  engine  was  of  modern  and  luxurious  ap- 
pointments, if  outside  appearance  indicate  anything.  The  picture  of 
Bar  Harbor  attracted  great  admiration  along  the  whole  route,  and 
was  among  the  most  conspicuous  objects  that  passed  the  reviewing 
stand. 

Six  representatives  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  followed  in  a 
carriage  :  Agent  F.  Smith,  John  Evans,  D.  Menish,  W.  Noyes,  J.  N. 
Martin,  and  Robert  Hay,  district  superintendent. 

The  display  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  followed,  and  consisted 
of  two  of  the  most  unique,  appropriate  and  generally  admired  repre- 
sentations in  the  procession.  Over  each  team,  which  was  drawn  by 
four  spirited  horses,  was  a  frame-work  fifteen  feet  long  and  four  feet 
wide,  covered  with  canvas.  Over  the  first  team,  at  each  corner, 
floated  the  American  flag.  On  either  side  of  the  frame,  painted 
upon  the  canvas  in  water  colors,  was  a  representation  of  the  elevator 
in  use  thirty  years  ago.  This  was  of  special  interest  to  our  citizens 
as  compared  with  the  team  which  followed.  It  showed  at  a  glance 
the  growth  and  development  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  The  old 
mode  of  elevating  was  pictured  most  minutely.  Instead  of  an  im- 
posing structure  like  the  one  now  in  use,  there  was  no  building  at  all. 
Two  cars,  one  painted  green  and  lettered  "A.  &  St.  L..  690,"  the 
other  painted  brown  and  marked  "Grain  Car,  G.  T.  R.  of  Canada, 
No.  1014,"  stood  out  conspicuously  upon  the  roughly  planked  wharf 
with  its  slim  piling.  Opposite  the  door  of  car  1014  was  a  bin  placed 
upon  the  wharf,  into  which,  men  v/ere  engaged  in  shoveling  grain, 
which  ran  down  into  hoppers  constructed  on  a  belt  running  under- 
16 


242  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

neath  the  wharf  and  then  up  to  a  spout  projecting  into  a  one-masted 
schooner  named  the  "  Pathfinder,  St.  John,  N.  B.,"  lying  at  the  side 
of  the  wharf.  This  painting  also  gave  a  view  of  the  harbor,  with  the 
water  slightly  rippled,  and  Cape  Elizabeth  in  the  distance.  On  the 
end  of  the  frame,  in  red  and  black  letters  and  figures,  was  the  fol- 
lowing:  '•  Exported  in  1855,  500,000  bushels  of  grain  ;"  and  below, 
"At.  .'t  St.  L.,  leased  to  G.  T.  Ry.,  August,  1853." 

The  second  team  was  decorated  similar  to  the  first  and  showed  on 
the  large  frame  already  mentioned  a  most  realistic  representation  of 
the  present  Grand  Trunk  elevator  as  viewed  from  the  head  of  Gait 
wharf.  The  elevator,  with  colors  flying  from  the  flagstaff,  stood  out 
prominently  upon  the  canvas,  while  this  painting  also  gave  a  view  of 
the  harbor,  with  several  small  boats  sailing  by,  and  Cape  Elizabeth 
opposite.  Painted  on  the  end  of  the  frame  work,  in  large  characters, 
was  the  following:  "Exports,  1885,  3,000,000  bushels  of  grain." 
Under  this  were  painted  the  American  and  English  shields,  from 
which  projected  flags  of  both  countries,  and  a  scroll  bearing  the 
motto,  "  Vis  imita  fortior r 

Much  credit  is  due  Mr.  F.  Smith,  agent,  Mr.  Duncan  Menish  of 
the  mechanical  department,  Mr.  D.  F.  Corser  and  Mr.  John  Evans 
for  the  success  of  these  representations. 

The  coaches  sent  by  C.  R.  Milliken,  of  the  Glen  House,  in  the 
White  Mountains,  followed  the  Grand  Trunk's  display.  To  each 
coach  six  fine  horses  were  attached,  and  with  the  ten  coaches  full  of 
well-dressed  people  who  had  been  taken  in  along  the  route,  the 
procession  made  an  impressive  show  as  it  passed  the  reviewing 
stand. 

The  next  in  order,  the  floats  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  R.  R., 
were  remarkable  and  fine  features  of  the  parade.  Mr.  Alexander  C. 
Urquhart,  master  painter  of  the  road,  had  the  matter  in  charge,  and 
spared  no  pains  to  accomplish  the  end  in  view.  In  the  procession 
was  a  passenger  car,  freight  car,  and  sleigh,  mounted  on  wheels. 
The  first  was  an  observation  car,  a  fac-simile  of  those  in  use  among 
the  mountains,  and  was  handsomely  painted  and  adorned  with  four 
scenes  on  the  line  of  the  railroad,  by  Mr.  Urquhart.  These  pictures 
are  of  merit,  and  attracted  much  notice.  Their  subjects  were 
"  Sebago  Lake,"  "The  Mountains  and  Valleys,"  "Looking  through 
the  Notch,"  and  "  Glen  Ellis  Falls."     In  front  of  the  car,  surrounded 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  243 

by  flags,  was  a  veritable  young  eagle,  which  had  become  so  domesti- 
cated that  it  did  not  leave  its  perch  during  the  line  of  march.  Red, 
white  and  blue  bunting  hung  in  festoons  from  the  top  of  the  car. 
The  length  of  the  car  was  25  feet,  and  there  were  seats  for  a  number 
of  passengers.  This  car  was  drawn  by  six  horses,  driven  by  Mr.  Will 
Lowe.  The  cars  were  built  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Brewer,  master  carpenter 
of  the  road.  The  freight  car  is  No.  12,175,  and  twenty  feet  long. 
"Ocean  to  ocean  without  transfer,"  was  its  motto.  It  was  loaded  with 
freight  marked  to  different  parts  of  the  country.  Four  horses,  driven 
by  Mr.  Frank  Brackett,  furnished  the  power  that  moved  the  float. 
The  old  sleigh,  a  part  of  the  display,  was  intended  to  represent  the 
mode  of  transit  in  vogue  in  the  White  Mountains  one  hundred  years 
ago. 

The  express  companies  came  next.  The  American  Express 
Company  had  four  teams.  One  of  them,  drawn  by  four  horses,  was 
filled  with  twenty-six  orphan  children  from  the  Orphan  Asylum. 
The  other  three  were  loaded  with  packages  bearing  prominent  labels 
of  Portland  business  firms.  The  Canadian  Express  Company  had 
one,  the  International  two,  and  Prince's  three  teams. 

SEVENTH  DIVISION THE  TRADES. 

The  display  made  in  this  division  by  the  various  trades  of  the  city 
was  the  finest  thing  in  that  line  ever  seen  in  New  England.  Too 
much  praise  cannot  be  given  to  our  merchants  and  other  business 
men  for  the  grand  spectacular  treat  which  their  enterprise  afforded 
to  themselves  and  the  people  who  looked  with  delighted  eyes  upon  it. 

First  came  a  mounted  herald  with  banner.  The  banner  had  fol- 
lowing lines: 

"  We  tread  all  ways  of  iiuiustry, 
And  many  trades  j)iirsuc, 
Unknown  in  day  of  olden  time 
V\'lien  our  good  town  was  new." 

Marshal  George  M.  Moore  and  Aids. 

Bridgton  Band — 24  pieces. 

Commercial  Travellers'  Association — 200  men. 

The    Maine    Commercial   Travellers'    Association,    two    lumdred 

strong,  marched  in  two  companies,  one  in  white  tall  hats  and  the 

other  in  straw  hats.     Each   man  wore  a  badge  with  a  picture  in  gold 


244  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

of  a  drummer  standing  on  his  sample  trunk.  They  were  an  intelli- 
gent looking  set  of  gentlemen  and  the  bland  smiles  "caught  on  "  all 
along  the  route.     They  were  the  observed  of  all  observers. 

Portland  Company's  Car. — The  general  outline  of  this  car 
consisted  of  a  platform  fifteen  feet  long,  nine  feet  wide,  and  four  feet 
high,  divided  longitudinally  by  a  partition  nine  feet  high,  having  an 
arched  form  at  the  top,  containing  the  dates  1 846-1 886,  and  the 
words  "  Portland  Company."  In  the  centre  of  each  side  of  the 
partition  was  a  painting,  one  side  representing  a  modern  locomotive, 
the  other  a  steamboat;  the  remaining  space  was  occupied  in  adver- 
tising the  business  of  the  company.  Below  the  paintings  on 
each  side  of  the  partition  were  displayed  the  finished  parts,  in  iron, 
steel  and  brass,  of  a  locomotive,  arranged  on  a  series  of  terraced 
supports  with  red  background.  Around  the  sides  and  back  of  the 
car,  also  red  in  color,  were  placed  in  symmetrical  designs  various 
patterns  in  black,  of  driving,  car  and  barrow  wheels,  cog  wheels, 
pulleys,  grate  bars,  etc.  In  the  centre  of  the  car  and  over  the  arch 
was  a  ten-inch  steam  whistle,  and  at  the  end  of  the  same  a  loco- 
motive bell  and  frame.  At  each  corner,  supported  by  a  bronze  pipe, 
was  a  six-inch  steam  whistle  ;  these  supports  were  connected  by  tubes 
having  an  arched  form,  at  the  corners  of  which,  sat  brass  steam 
gauge  holders,  the  tubing  and  supports  being  wound  with  colored 
bunting.  The  car  was  drawn  by  four  horses,  each  having  a  red 
covering,  also  advertising  the  company. 

The  Portland  Water  Co.  had  two  single  teams  loaded  with 
goods  pertaining  to  their  work,  also  employees. 

Portland  Rolling  Mills  had  a  four-horse  team  drawing  a  drag 
with  iron  bars,  nails,  Szc. 

The  Diamond  Wrench  Company  was  represented  by  a  team 
covered  with  a  platform  on  which  were  a  number  of  the  company's 
shipping  cases.  On  the  sides  of  the  platform  against  a  black  back- 
ground the  words  "Diamond  Wrench"  were  spelt  in  wrenches 
to  form  the  letters.  At  the  rear,  were  wrenches  similarly  placed  in 
the  form  of  a  diamond.  A  large  sign  on  the  top  of  the  display  read, 
"Manufacturers  of  Patent  Steel  Wrenches,  224  Newbury  Street." 

The  Portland  Stone  Ware  Company  had  four  teams.  The 
first  had  a  workman  turning  at  the  wheel ;  the  second  had  vases 
filled  with  flowering  plants ;  the  third  was  loaded  with  huge  drain 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  245 

tile ;  the  fourth  had  stone  jars  and  fire  brick  and  tile.  On  the  side 
of  the  manufacturing  car  was  a  verse,  held  to  be  written  by  Long- 
fellow, and  hung  in  the  old  Benj.  Dodge  pottery,  near  Green  street : 

"  No  handy  craftman's  art 
Can  to  our  art  compare  ; 
We,  potters,  make  our  pots. 
Of  what  we,  potters,  are." 

Charles  P.  Babcock  made  a  fine  display  of  Damon's  safes,  new 
and  one  that  had  stood  the  test  of  fire,  drawn  by  a  handsome  team 
belonging  to  E.  C.  Chase. 

Megquier  and  Jones,  brass  work,  etc. :  a  double  team  with 
platform  surmounted  by  a  Dolphin  compass  stand  and  loaded  with 
specimens  of  goods,  solid  brass  cannon,  bell,  gong,  andirons,  and 
other  brass  and  bronze  goods,  making  a  very  handsome  turnout. 

G.  M.  Stanwood  &  Co,  had  a  fine  jigger  surmounted  by  frame 
displaying  all  kinds  of  goods  dealt  in,  and  work  done  by  shipsmiths : 
pulleys,  blocks,  bolts,  capstan,  pumps,  etc.     A  fine  display. 

The  Forest  City  Sugar  Refinery  was  represented  in  the 
procession  by  one  of  their  large  sugar  trucks  decorated  with  flags 
and  emblems  and  drawn  by  four  gray  horses.  This  truck  bore  on  a 
platform  nineteen  feet  long  and  eight  and  one-half  feet  wide,  the 
most  important  pieces  of  machinery  used  in  the  refining  of  sugar, 
a  copper  vacuum  pan,  four  and  a  half  feet  in  diameter  and  seven  feet 
high.  Also,  barrels  of  sugar  and  other  packages  illustrative  of  this 
important  business.  The  sides  of  the  platform  bore  the  name  of 
the  company  in  large  letters. 

A  jigger  drawn  by  two  horses  was  in  line  to  represent  Swasev, 
Lamson  &  Co.  On  the  team  was  a  large  crate  filled  with  straw  and 
outside  of  it  were  hung  many  different  kinds  of  pots,  jugs,  cans,  etc. 
A  man  at  the  top  of  the  crate,  dressed  in  calico  and  having  on  a 
fierce  looking  mask,  kept  the  crowd  interested  by  his  antics. 

RuFUS  TiBBETTS  had  a  team  displaying  bricks. 

Webb  &  Cushing  represented  their  shoe  manufacturing  business 
by  a  large  jigger  drawn  by  four  horses  and  containing  a  McKay 
sewer  in  operation,  with  which  the  workmen  in  the  team  was  busily 
making  boots  and  shoes  with  a  rapidity  which  afforded  a  striking 
contrast  to  the  cobbler  working  in  the  style  of  one  hundred  years 
ago.     Beneath  the  old  cobbler  were  the  words  "1786,  this  way,  six 


246  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

pairs  a  clay";  while  beneath  the  modern  machine  was  the  sign, 
"1886,  this  way,  720  pairs  a  day."  The  team,  besides  the  firm's 
name,  had  such  signs  as  "pay-roll,  $52,298.67,"  "employ  150  hands, 
making  180,000  pairs  a  year."  The  horses  had  handsome  housings 
of  yellow  plush  with  red  and  gold  trimmings,  the  lead  horses  also 
had  bibs  with  initials  of  the  firm.  The  housings  of  the  pole  horses 
bore  in  blue  the  name  of  the  firm  and  a  kid  figure  of  a  shoe.  The 
harnesses  of  the  lead  horses  were  made  of  the  same  kind  of  thread 
used  in  making  the  shoes. 

The  consolidated  exhibit  of  the  manufacturers  and  jobbers  of 
boots  and  shoes  was  placed  upon  a  large  team  sent  from  Boston  and 
drawn  by  six  large  horses,  with  decorated  harnesses.  The  exhibit 
consisted  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  cases  of  boots  and  shoes  made 
and  shown  by  Portland  firms.  Upon  the  sides  of  the  teams  were 
signs  bearing  these  words :  "Portland's  Boot  and  Shoe  Industry — 
Manufacturers  and  Jobbers."  The  firms  represented  were :  Chase 
Knight  &  Co.,  Lord,  Haskell  &  Co.,  B.  B.  Farnsworth  &  Co.,  J.  P. 
Thomas  &  Co.,  A.  F.  Cox  &  Son,  Shaw,  Coding  &  Co.,  Charles  J. 
Walker  &  Co.,  W.  B.  Sawyer  &  Co.,  L.  P.  Hawkins,  Fairbanks  & 
Stone  and  Montgomery  Bros. 

J.  J.  Lappin  &  Co,  sent  a  four-horse  team  loaded  with  grain  and 
flour. 

True  Brothers,  brushes,  had  a  single  team,  ornamented  and 
carrying  a  beautiful  sample  case  of  goods  manufactured  by  the  firm 
and  surmounted  by  their  sign. 

W.  &  C.  R.  Milliken.  This  concern  had  in  line  a  jigger  loaded 
down  with  barrels,  and  boxes  filled  with  groceries. 

Cousens  &  Tomlinson  had  to  use  three  teams  to  display  their 
specialties.  The  first  contained  general  groceries.  Among  the 
specialties  displayed  were  Snowflake  corn,  Foss'  extracts,  soap,  etc. 
The  second  team  contained  their  brands  of  flour.  This  team  had 
fifty-six  barrels  of  flour.  The  third  team  had  three  hogsheads  of 
molasses. 

Shaw,  Son  &  Hawkes  had  one  two-horse  team,  draped  with  flags, 
bunting,  banners,  plumes,  etc.,  loaded  with  tea,  coffee,  sugar,  etc.,  all 
the  specialties  of  the  firm. 

H.  S.  Melcher  &  Co.  sent  a  double  team  draped  with  bunting 
and  flags,  loaded  with  goods  dealt  in  by  the  firm. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  247 

F.  A.  Smith  &  Co.  sent  two  double  teams,  one  loaded  with  three 
hundred  and  fifty  boxes  of  Beach's  Washing  Soap ;  the  other,  with 
assorted  load  of  groceries  just  as  sent  to  depot.  Flags,  bunting, 
labels,  etc.,  representing  load  of  soap. 

Fletcher  &  Co.  had  one  double  team  loaded  with  goods  dealt  in 
by  the  firm,  a  shield  on  the  side  with  the  dates  1835 — 1886. 

CoNANT,  Patrick  &  Co.  had  one  fcur-horse  team — gray  horses — 
with  framework  ornamented  with  firm  name  printed  in  colors  and 
loaded  with  Ashton  Salt. 

Howes,  Hilton  &  Harris  had  one  six-horse  team,  red,  white  and 
blue  housings,  with  plumes,  loaded  with  goods,  their  specialty,  the 
Huron  dairy  salt;  one  four-horse  team,  with  gold  and  maroon 
housings,  loaded  with  the  goods  of  the  Akron  Milling  Co.,  the  A.  M. 
E.  Cereals. 

J.  B.  Donnell  &  Co.  sent  one  double  team,  adorned  with  flags 
and  buntings,  and  loaded  with  flour  and  other  goods  sold  by  them. 

Perley,  Russell  &  Co.  had  a  high  wagon,  with  a  canopy  formed 
of  flags  and  streamers,  with  handsome  lanterns  suspended  from  the 
sides,  and  a  large  coil  of  rope  in  the  centre  weighing  1700  pounds. 

Dana  &  Co.  had  one  double  team  with  frame  covered  with  bags 
of  Eureka  salt — one  enormous  bag,  seven  feet  high,  with  firm  name 
and  goods  dealt  in  on  sides  of  this  bag. 

A.  H.  Sawyer  had  a  team  to  advertise  their  specialty — the 
starchine  and  starch  of  the  George  Fox  Starch  Company  of  Cincin- 
nati, draped  with  pyramid  surmounted  by  a  fox — the  occupants  with 
fox  masques. 

I.  S.  Bean  had  two  single  teams  loaded  with  tempting  fruit,  one 
of  them  surmounted  by  a  hammock  swinging  with  a  most  contented 
occupant. 

A.  T.  Hall  sent  a  single  team  with  advertisements  of  business, 
large  banner  advertising  Swedish  stove  polish. 

TwircHELL,  Champlin  &  Co.'s  enterprise  was  shown  in  their 
second  team.  This  contained  men  making  brooms,  the  machinery 
running  the  same  as  if  in  their  own  establishment.  It  was  a  very 
interesting  sight.  On  the  first  team  were  large  boxes,  with  advertise- 
ments of  the  "Lucky  Strike"  tobacco  and  S.  Ottenberg  is:  Bros, 
cigars. 

H.    Ellis   &   Co.,   of  Baltimore,  in   connection   with   display   of 


248  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Twitchell,  Champlin  &  Co.,  had  a  handsome  two-horse  barouche 
advertising  Bengal  Cheroots. 

The  Globe  Tobacco  Works  of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  had  an 
agent  in  a  two-horse  buggy  distributing  a  thousand  specimens  of  the 
manufactured  article. 

The  Winslow  Packing  Company  sent  a  load  of  boxes  of  canned 
goods  on  a  fine  four-horse  team  belonging  to  W.  G.  Chase. 

S.  A.  &  J.  H.  True  had  a  double  team,  with  bunting  and  flags, 
loaded  with  samples  of  goods  sold  by  the  firm,  grain,  flour,  etc. 

Stevens  &  Co.,  sent  single  teams  loaded  with  salt,  and  trimmed 
"with  bunting  and  flags, 

M.  A.  Dillingham  had  two  teams,  a  delivery  wagon  and  a  team 
with  signs  and  decorations. 

J.  P.  Hall  had  a  nice  milk  wagon,  doing  credit  to  old  Falmouth. 

J.  L.  Best,  wholesale  dealer  in  meats,  had  five  of  their  own  teams, 
followed  by  six  retail  teams  doing  business  with  this  establishment. 

The  Portland  Beef  Company  had  two  single  teams,  horses  and 
wagons,  decorated  with  flags  and  bunting. 

A.  E.  Stevens  &  Co.  had  a  double  team,  ornamented  with  flags 
and  bunting,  with  carriage  wood,  top  and  trimmings,  drill  press, 
blacksmith's  culling  vice,  Buffalo  forge  bellows,  etc.,  every  variety  of 
iron  and  wood  work  pertaining  to  a  carriage,  and  a  buggy  set  up 
complete  from  their  own  goods.     A  great  novelty  in  this  line. 

Cook,  Everett  &  Pennell  had  three  teams  in  line,  all  gaily 
decorated  with  bunting  and  flags.  The  first  team  was  ornamented 
with  red,  white  and  blue  bunting,  and  contained  boxes  of  drugs 
consigned  to  various  parties,  cans  and  demijohns.  The  second  team 
was  devoted  to  paints,  and  contained  scores  of  samples  of  every 
shade.  The  third  team  was  devoted  to  patent  medicines,  and  held 
a  pyramid  made  of  boxes  bearing  on  them  the  sign,  "Old  Doctor 
Cummings'  Sarsaparilla  and  Dock." 

J.  W.  Perkins  &  Co.'s  team  contained  chemicals,  drugs,  sponges 
and  even  the  boy  was  covered  with  them,  or  rather,  with  one. 

H.  H.  Hay  &  Son  sent  two  teams.  The  first  contained  drugs  and 
represented  the  retail  department.  The  second,  rej^resenting  the 
wholesale  department  was  loaded  with  paints,  etc. 

A.  S.  Hinds,  druggist,  had  a  single  team  loaded  with  boxes  of 
medicine  to  be  sent  in  all  directions. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  249 

John  Conley  &  Son  had  a  double  team  loaded  with  various  kinds 
of  oil  dealt  in.     The  team  was  adorned  with  flags  and  bunting. 

W.  L.  Blake  &  Co.,  oils  and  railroad  supplies,  had  a  single  new 
team  with  a  regular  locomotive  headlight,  draped  with  flags  and  ban- 
ners, lanterns,  brass  fittings,  steam  whistles,  lighted  switch  lanterns. 

A.  A.  Mitchell  sent  one  six-horse  team  with  Bay  State  fertilizers, 
Planet  junior  goods,  ornamented  with  bunting  and  flags.  One  three- 
horse  team  with  fertilizers,  ornamented  on  •  the  sides  with  harvest 
scenes.     All  gray  horses  and  fine  harnesses. 

The  Cumberland  Bone  Company  had  one  four-horse  jigger  with 
attractive  signs  of  firm  goods.  A  four-ox  team,  each  ox  of  seven 
feet  girth  drawing  a  hay  cart  loaded  high  with  bags  and  barrels  of 
Cumberland  super  phosphate,  covered  with  posters  printed  in  colors. 

Daniel  T.  Kelley — This  concern  had  four  teams  in  line.  The 
first  was  trimmed  with  bunting  and  was  filled  with  plows  made  at  the 
foundry.  Following  this,  were  three  mowing  machines  built  by  Mr. 
Kelley,  each  drawn  by  two  horses.  The  first  machine  was  an  odd 
size,  the  first  of  the  size  ever  built  in  this  city,  having  a  scythe  which 
would  cut  six  feet.  An  improved  Champion  horse-rake  was  the  last 
team  in  this  display. 

F.  O,  Bodge  sat  in  a  nice  carriage  drawn  by  a  pair  of  handsome 
horses.  On  one  side  of  this  carriage  was  painted  "Old  Kentucky," 
on  the  other,  "Holdfast,"  on  the  back,  "Weisinger  &  Bate,  Louis- 
ville, Ky."  From  the  carriage  he  distributed  over  10,000  pieces  of 
Prune  Nugget  tobacco. 

Berlin  Mills  Company  sent  one  four-horse  team  drawing  a  model 
of  sawmill,  pond  and  platform,  sides,  gang  and  circular  saws, 
drawing  the  logs  from  the  water. 

W.  H.  SiMONTON  &  Son — ship  timber,  slate,  etc. — sent  one  team 
with  miniature  house  covered  with  the  roofing  slate  sold  by  the  firm, 
with  flag  and  signs  giving  firm  name. 

Legrow  Brothers'  Display. — One  of  the  most  charming  and 
unique  displays  in  the  procession  was  that  of  Legrow  Brothers,  the 
well  known  lumber  dealers  on  Preble  street.  There  were  two  teams. 
In  the  first  we  saw  the  rude,  undecorated  log  cabin,  solid  and 
substantial,  and  picturesque  in  its  primitive  simplicity.  The  logs, 
fresh  hewn  from  the  forest,  with  the  chinks  stufled  with  moss, 
brought    vividly  to  our   minds  the  picture  of  long  ago  and  was  so 


250  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

suggestive  of  the  red  man's  reign  that,  in  fancy,  we  could  see  the  dusky 
form  glide  around  the  corners  and  hear  the  shriek  of  the  war-whoop. 

In  the  second  team  we  saw  the  wonderful  change  that  a  lapse  of 
century  has  brought  us.  A  splendid  cottage,  beautiful  in  its 
architectural  proportions  of  the  Queen  Anne  style,  greets  our 
wondering  eyes.  What  a  contrast  to  the  former.  No  means  had 
been  spared  to  make  it  artistic  and  handsome  as  the  other  was  plain 
and  homely.  Handsomely  tinted  windows  flashed  in  the  sunlight 
and  the  pointed  gable,  the  pretty  verandahs,  the  beautiful  lawns  and 
the  sweet  scented  flowers  spoke  of  wonderful  foresight  and  ingenuity. 
Surrounding  the  whole  was  a  pretty  fence  which  completed  the 
charming  picture. 

W.  H.  Stowe  was  the  architect  and  Hugh  Flynn,  the  painter,  and 
nothing  was  spared  in  ingenious  skill  to  contribute  to  its  appearance. 
Floyd  &  Palmer  were  the  carpenters,  and  their  work  was  unrivalled. 
Too  much  praise  cannot  be  bestowed  upon  Mr.  Melvin  Eldridge,  who 
was  the  first  to  suggest  the  invention  and  who  worked  unceasingly 
until  everything  was  accomplished. 

Gilbert  M.  Soule  had  a  double  team  drawing  a  lumber  shed 
filled  with  specimens  of  all  kinds  of  lumber  sold  by  him.  The  shed 
was  covered  with  the  names  of  the  kinds  of  lumber  dealt  in. 

Joseph  Larochelle,  coal  and  wood,  had  three  teams,  one  with 
children,  two  with  coal  and  wood, 

Geo.  H.  Rounds,  coal,  had  two  teams  draped  with  bunting  and 
flags,  with  signs  appropriate  to  the  trade,  the  teams  carrying  children. 

Randall  &  Johnson,  hay,  straw,  etc.,  had  a  single  team  with 
specimens  of  merchandise  sold. 

C.  H.  Pike,  coal  and  wood,  had  a  single  team  with  children. 

McCuE  &  Walsh,  coal,  had  two  teams  with  coal  and  wood. 

I.  Littlejohn,  coal  and  wood,  had  a  single  team  with  "children 
in  the  wood." 

C.  W.  York,  wood  and  coal,  had  one  double  and  four  single  teams 
loaded  with  all  kinds  of  wood  and  coal  sold  at  his  yard.  The  teams 
were  adorned  with  flags,  bunting,  etc. 

W.  E.  Carter  had  a  boat  mounted  on  wheels  carrying  a  group  of 
prettily  dressed  children. 

R.  H.  Waite  had  a  boat  on  wheels,  festooned  with  flags  and 
bunting,  and  loaded  with  a  group  of  boys  in  uniform. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  251 

A.  N.  Hawes,  oysters,  had  a  single  team  loaded  with  goods  of  the 
firm.     The  team  was  adorned  with  flags  and  bunting. 

The  Boston  and  Portland  Clothing  Co.  had  a  double  team, 
canopied  platform;  in  one  division,  occupants  in  costume  of  1786; 
in  the  other,  clothed  in  the  style  of  1886. 

A  novel  feature  was  the  participation  of  Sam  Lee,  Hop  Lung, 
Chin,  and  Quing  Lee,  representing  the  Chinese  laundrymen.  They 
wore  handsome  native  costumes  with  coats  of  rich  figured  silk,  hats 
made  for  native  magistrates,  and  in  brief  the  costumes  of  the  aristo- 
cratic celestials.  They  rode  in  a  barouche  decorated  with  Sam  Lee's 
sign  and  carried  beside  native  flags,  a  large  banner  with  a  black 
dragon  on  a  yellow  back-ground. 

Wm.  p.  Goss,  boots  and  shoes,  had  the  "Old  Woman  in  the  Shoe." 
It  was  made  of  pine  plank  nine  feet  in  length,  mounted  on  canopy, 
with  the  firm  name  in  gold  letters. 

A.  L.  Merry,  the  hatter,  had  the  handsome  gold  hat  usually  hung 
over  the  entrance  to  his  store  mounted  on  wheels,  and  drawn  by  a 
handsome  horse.     On  the  hat  was  a  stufTed  figure  of  a  bear. 

A.  H.  Coe,  the  hatter,  had  two  teams.  The  mammoth  trunk  and 
a  delivery  team  draped  with  bunting,  trimming  and  flags. 

Robert  F.  Somers  tSc  Co.  had  one  four-horse  team  with  eight 
practical  hatters,  illustrating  each  branch  of  the  business  —  silk  hat, 
light  tall  and  stiff  hats,  Odd  Fellows'  and  Masons'  chapeau,  music, 
straw  workers,  etc. 

MiLLETT  &  Little  displayed  a  large  platform  carriage,  surmounted 
by  a  canopy  of  red,  white  and  blue,  with  streamers  brought  down  on 
every  side,  forming  an  open  marquee.  All  these  goods  composing 
the  material  of  the  canopy  were  of  the  richest  stuffs.  The  four 
corners  were  trimmed  with  goods  representing  stock,  and  flags  or 
banners  marked  with  the  different  departments  of  the  establishment. 
The  boxes  of  goods  at  the  corners  were  all  upholstered  in  plush,  and 
the  open  centre  of  the  carriage  filled  with  rich  specimen  rugs,  so  as 
to  form  a  handsome  drawing-room.  A  band  seated  in  the  carriage 
furnished  fine  music.  The  front  and  rear  were  decorated  with  colored 
silk  ribbons.  The  housings  of  the  horses  were  of  white  linen  trim- 
med with  blue,  bearing  the  name  of  the  firm  in  blue  letters,  with 
stars  in  each  corner. 

C.  E.  Bean  sent  a  dry  goods  box  on  a  team  with  banners,  name 
and  mottoes. 


252 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


Walter  Corey  &  Co.  sent  thirteen  teams,  two  of  them  double. 
The  chief  feature  was  advertising  the  old  and  the  new  establishment, 
1836-1886,  car  with  fine  parlor  work,  drapery,  etc.,  on  the  car  the 
legend,  "A  grand  record  of  fifty  years."  The  two  partners,  Messrs. 
Corey  and  Rice,  in  a  barouche,  represented  the  old  and  the  new.  Fine 
chamber  and  parlor  furniture,  antique  sideboards  and  chairs  of  the 
fourteenth  century.     Banners  and  firm  name  on  each  car. 

Thos.  p.  Beals,  furniture,  had  a  canopied  platform  with  all  sorts 
of  springs  used  in  the  same,  woven  wire  mattresses  and  boy  weaving; 
team  adorned  with  flags  and  banners. 

T.  F.  Foss  &  Sons  had  a  fine  canopied  structure  with  festoons  of 
bunting  around  the  sides,  and  a  furnished  parlor  within,  a  shield  on 
the  side  with  the  legend,  "We  strive  to  please."  Also  a  team  show- 
ing carpets  with  flags  and  streamers. 

T.  H.  McDonnell  &  Co.,  furniture,  had  a  canopied  platform  filled 
with  furniture  in  all  stages  of  manufacture,  frames,  mattresses  and 
upholstering  goods. 

The  Portland  Furniture  Company  had  two  teams,  one  bear- 
ing a  fac-simile  of  an  old  1786-kitchen,  with  clock,  spinning  wheel, 
settle,  fire-place  with  crane  and  kettles,  strings  of  dried  apples  hang- 
ing from  the  ceiling;  the  other  a  modern  1886  parlor  with  all  its 
adornments,  including  elegant  gas  fixtures. 

B.  A.  Atkinson  &  Co.'s  branch  store,  under  the  management  of 
Isaac  C.  Atkinson,  was  represented  by  seven  teams.  The  first  was  a 
picnic  wagon  with  the  Deering  Band.  The  second  represented  the 
mailing  department  of  B.  A.  Atkinson  and  Co.  The  mail  bags  for 
the  different  States  were  hung  in  a  row  and  the  occupants  inside 
busily  at  work  with  the  mails.  Car  No.  3  represented  a  parlor,  hav- 
ing an  entire  suite  and  other  furnishings.  Ladies  and  gentlemen 
were  seated  in  the  parlor.  The  fifth  car  represented  a  kitchen  in 
modern  style.  Car  No.  6  was  a  finely  furnished  bedroom.  Car  No.  7 
displayed  a  set  of  pulpit  furniture.  The  eighth  and  last  car  was 
filled  with  toys  and  small  furniture  thrown  in  promiscuously.  This 
display  was  one  of  the  largest  and  most  elaborate  in  the  procession. 

W.  H.  Winslow  &  Co.  had  a  single  team  with  fine  upholstering 
goods  attractively  displayed. 

The  Globe  Steam  Laundry  sent  their  delivery  team,  adorned 
with  flags  and  banners. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  253 

Plummer  Bros.,  fish  dealers,  had  a  double  team.  A  boat  loaded 
with  fish,  great  and  small,  surmounted  by  a  canopy  with  flags  and 
signs  ;  a  fountain  playing  in  the  center ;  huge  sturgeons  and  salmon, 
down  to  the  smallest  fish  caught  were  represented  in  the  load. 

C.  W.  Lombard  sent  a  team  with  name  of  business  and  sign. 

DuRGiN  AND  Crocker,  dealers  in  stoves,  sent  a  single  team  loaded 
with  oil  and  coal  stoves,  and  adorned  with  flags  and  banners. 

Tenney  &  Dunham,  tinware,  etc.,  had  a  single  team  advertising 
their  specialty,  the  "  Jersey  Packet  Shipping  Can,"  with  a  pyramid 
of  the  cans. 

A.  Little  &  Co.  put  one  team  into  the  trades  division  of  the  pro- 
cession, drawn  by  four  large  bay  horses,  decked  with  elegant  worked 
harnesses.  An  appropriate  cart  was  loaded  with  cases  and  bales  of 
dry  goods,  running  lengthwise,  and  above  the  load  was  an  ornamental 
sign,  painted  on  canvas,  "A.  Little  and  Co.,  Jobbers  of  Dry  Goods," 
supported  by  a  flagstaff  at  each  end,  with  American  flags  at  the  top 
of  the  staffs.  The  sides  of  the  load  were  decorated  with  shields, 
supporting  satin  banners,  bearing  the  following  inscriptions  : 

American  and  French  Dress  Goods. 
American  and  French  Silks. 
Irish  and  Scotch  Linens. 
Velvets  and  Velveteens. 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Woolens. 
Housekeeping  Goods. 
Fancy  Goods  and  Notions. 
Novelties. 

Owen,  Moore  and  Company's  exhibit  was  one  of  the  most 
attractive  in  the  whole  trade's  display,  and  exhibited  the  great  taste 
of  the  firm.  On  a  large  float  was  erected  a  windmill  formed  of  the 
richest  stuffs  and  ribbons  presenting  a  castellated  style  and  sur- 
mounted by  the  flag.  All  around  the  richly  dressed  base  stood  boys, 
some  dozen  in  number,  in  unique  costumes,  holding  silk  banners  of 
all  colors  bearing  the  mottoes,  "Importers,"  "Retailers,"'  '*  h'ancy 
goods."  The  driver  was  attired  in  the  elegant  costume  of  the  time 
Charles  II,  and  the  coachman's  box  was  draped  with  elegant  box 
cloths,  embroidered  with  the  firm  monogram.  The  car  bore  the 
motto : 

"  Our  mills  of  ancient  model 
Grind  out  a  modern  grist." 


254  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

The  car  was  drawn  by  four  splendidly  caparisoned  studs,  driven 
abreast,  with  red  housings,  also  bearing  the  firm  monogram.  A 
carriage  preceded  the  car  filled  with  a  band  dressed  in  Brother 
Jonathan  costume  and  playing  on  all  kinds  of  odd  instruments. 

Samuel  Thurston  had  a  team  draped  with  handsome  signs, 
pianos,  stools,  cloths,  etc. 

E.  B.  RoRiNSON  had  a  handsome  canopied  platform,  carrying  a 
piano,  draped  and  with  the  names  of  the  piano  makers  for  whom  he 
is  agent,  with  the  dates  1847 — 1886,  with  lyre,  flags,  etc. 

The  New  England  Organ  Company  had  a  finely  draped  car, 
with  specimens  of  goods. 

The  Portland  Advertiser  sent  a  buggy  with  occupants,  carrying 
a  banner  and  legend. 

The  Portland  Globe  had  a  huge  globe  with  date  1877,  and  let- 
tered with  appropriate  legends. 

The  Evening  Express  was  represented  by  a  carriage  bearing 
proprietors  and  editors,  followed  by  a  canopied  team  with  employees 
and  banner  with  papers  and  flags. 

Lamson,  the  photographer,  had  a  large  camera  with  banner;  boy 
dressed  to  represent  the  sun,  with  the  legend  "The  Sun  is  my 
Servant." 

Algernon  Stubbs  had  a  team  draped  with  the  national  colors,  a 
picture  by  Harry  Brown,  bronzes,  etc. 

C.  H.  La^lson  had  a  single  team,  the  platform  of  which  was 
mounted  with  a  bicycle  and  timepieces,  the  sides  giving  address  and 
business  departments,  and  carrying  a  living  representation  of  Father 
Time  discarding  his  wings  and  glass  and  taking  the  modern  watch 
and  bicycle. 

LiRBv's  Parcel  Delivery  had  two  teams  with  flags. 

Zenas  Thompson,  carriage  manufacturer,  had  ten  teams,  seven 
carriages  of  different  kinds,  one  two-horse  caravan  surmounted  by  a 
Russian  sleigh  with  plumes,  harnessed  to  a  magnificent  wooden  horse 
of  life-size,  with  two  out-riders  in  uniform  carrying  banners  with  the 
names  of  countries  to  which  his  goods  are  sent ;  a  team  with  an  old 
sleigh  of  1789,  and  a  new  sleigh  of  18S6,  for  four  persons.  On  the 
caravan  was  suspended  the  back  bar  of  the  veritable  "  one-horse 
shay,"  immortalized  by  Oliver  Wendell   Holmes.     The   harness  on 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  255 

wooden  horse  was  from  the  establishment  of  J.  and  B.  Jordan, 
Congress  street. 

The  Horse  and  Carriage  Mart  had  one  team  carrying  a  rack  of 
harnesses,  surmounted  with  whips,  riding  saddles  on  the  corners  of 
the  platform,  displaying  blankets,  robes,  mats,  etc.,  with  firm's  sign ;  a 
tandem  team  drawing  carriages,  draped  and  decorated. 

G.  W.  JoNE3  had  two  fine  grocery  wagons,  manufactured  by  him- 
self, illustrating  the  character  of  his  work. 

P.  H.  Bradley  had  three  teams  drawing  twelve  carriages,  of  all 
the  styles  manufactured  by  him. 

West  and  Calderwood  had  a  team  loaded  with  bread  and  flour. 

George  Hudson  had  a  wagon  adorned  with  flags. 

Thomas  Carey  had  a  three-horse  team  carrying  a  platform  con- 
taining cigarmakers  at  work,  surmounted  by  an  ornamental  sign  with 
brand  of  cigars  and  firm  name. 

The  Casco  Dye  House  had  a  delivery  wagon,  with  flags  and 
banners. 

S.  Rounds  had  three  single  teams,  red,  white  and  blue,  loaded 
with  children,  draped  with  bunting,  flags,  etc. 

S.  M.  Smart,  lumber,  sent  a  single  team  loaded  with  clapboards 
piled  in  cobs. 

Randall  &  McAllister  sent  one  four-horse  team,  and  one  single 
team  adorned  with  flags,  etc.,  with  firm's  sign,  and  carrying  children. 

At  the  head  of  each  sub  division  of  the  trades  procession,  tliere 
was  a  mounted  herald  carrying  a  banner,  on  which,  in  gilt  letters, 
was  inscribed  the  name  of  the  trade  or  business  that  followed. 
There  were  twenty-six  of  these  heralds,  with  banners. 

eighth  division  —  fire  department. 

This  portion  of  the  procession  was  made  particularly  interesting 
by  the  presence  of  some  old-time  machinery  and  the  personal 
participation  of  men  who  were  active  firemen  a  half  century  ago. 

In  early  days  the  department  consisted  simply  of  fire  wardens,  who 
volunteered  their  services  and  represented  the  property  and  leading 
families  of  the  town.  They  had  their  headquarters,  and  each 
warden  was  supplied  with  a  leather  bucket,  a  canvas  bag,  a  fire-hook 
and  a  bed  wrench.  Their  method  of  operation  was  to  form  a  line 
from  the  water  to  the  fire  and  pass  the  buckets  as  fast  as  possible 


256  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

and  return  the  empty  ones.      Women  and  children  frequently  took 
part  in  passing  back  the  empty  buckets. 

Then  came  two  little  fire  engines,  the  Neptune  and  Vigilant,  that 
could  squirt  water  not  more  than  twenty  feet  high,  and  then  the 
"Cataract,"  which  was  built  in  London  in  1802,  and  a  model  of  the 
same  headed  the  department's  exhibit,  the  original  having  been 
destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  1866. 

For  a  long  time  it  was  not  known  that  this  engine  possessed  the 
power  of  suction,  and  the  fire  brigade  used  to  pour  the  water  into 
her.  She  was  of  cylinder  shape,  large  as  a  hogshead,  and  some 
twenty  feet  in  length.  The  treading  power  was  chiefly  by  ropes 
stretched  from  either  side  of  the  machine.  One  day  she  was  sent  to 
Mr.  Leonard  Crockett  for  repairs,  and  he  at  once  discovered  that 
she  was  a  suction  engine  of  full  capacity  for  her  exhaust  of  water. 

After  the  Cataract  came  two  immense  fire  engines  built  in  Phila- 
delphia, the  Hydrogen  and  Deluge.  They  were  what  was  known  as 
double-deckers,  having  two  sets  of  treads,  one  worked  by  men 
standing  on  the  ground  and  the  other  ones  from  a  platform  on  the 
machine.  They  were  ponderous  and  powerful  engines  and  could 
throw  three  good  streams  of  water.  But  the  most  interesting  actual 
relic  of  the  old  department  was  the  veritable  "Atlantic,  No.  2,"  the 
first  and  "  smartest  tub  "  ever  built  by  Leonard  Crockett,  a  noted 
machinist  and  engine  builder,  whose  shop  was  on  Fore  street.  The 
Atlantic  is  now  the  property  of  the  Rolling  Mills. 

Some  twenty  of  the  old  members  of  the  company  and  nine  mem- 
bers of  the  Hydrogen  took  part  in  the  demonstration,  attired  in  blue 
shirts  and  white  helmet  caps.  Among  them  were  two  ex-command- 
ers, Captains  Henry  Dyer  and  John  Cammett.  The  veterans  were 
seated  in  a  barge,  behind  which  was  the  gallant  little  machine  they 
had  "  run  with  "  forty  years  ago. 

The  Norway  Band,  twenty-five  pieces,  A.  E.  Norseworthy,  leader, 
discoursed  music  for  this  division.  The  right  was  headed  by  the 
fac-simile  of  the  old  Cataract.  Then  the  veteran  firemen  and 
Atlantic,  and  the  Peak's  Island  hand  engine  with  its  red  shirted 
company  as  of  ye  olden  time,  followed  by  the  city  department, 
Machigonne  No.  i,  Portland  No.  2,  Cumberland  No.  3,  Falmouth 
No.  4,  Casco  No.  5,  and  the  hook  and  ladder  carriages  Washington 
I,  Eagle  2  and  Bramhall  3,  and  the  several  hose  carriages. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  257 

The  engines  were  tastefully  ornamented  ^vith  flowers,  their  brass 
and  nickel  burnished  to  brilliancy  and  the  horses  groomed  to  per- 
fection. The  fireman  in  their  natty  blue  uniforms  and  nobby  blue 
naval  caps  were  a  striking  contrast  to  the  red-shirted,  devil-may-care 
boys  of  the  earlier  days.  It  was  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most 
interesting  features  of  the  procession,  and  it  should  have  had  among 
its  numbers  such  veterans  as  Neal  Dow,  the  first  chief  engineer, 
Harris  C.  Barnes,  Spencer  Rogers,  Nahum  Littlefield,  Lewis  B. 
Smith,  Andrew  J.  Cummings,  and  other  surviving  veterans. 

Following  was  the  formation  of  the  division : 

G.  H.  Cloyes,  Marshal. 

Aids:  Chas.  W.  Gushing,  Robert  W.  Jackson,  Thomas  Payne,  Samuel  Ilodgdon. 

Cataract  Engine,  No.  i  (model  1802). 

Atlantic  Engine,  No.  2  (the  first  engine  built  here). 

Peaks  Island  Engine,  No.  i. 

Norway  Band. 

Board  of  Engineers. 

Officers  and  Members  of  the  Department. 

Machigonne  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  r. 

Portland  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  2. 

Cumberland  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  3. 

Falmouth  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  4. 

Gasco  Engine  and  Hose,  No.  5. 

Eagle  Hook  and  Ladder  Carriage. 

Washington  Hook  and  Ladder  Carriage. 

Bramhall  Hook  and  Ladder  Carriage. 

NINTH   DIVISION. 

The  street  department  was  in  a  short  division  by  itself.  First 
came  an  exhibit  of  the  "Street  department  in  1786."  This  consisted 
of  an  ox  team  bearing  a  couple  of  plows  and  accompanied  by  eight 
men  in  continental  costume,  six  of  them  armed  with  hoes,  marching 
by  the  side  of  the  cart. 

Following,  came  the  department  of  1836.  This  was  represented 
by  an  old  fashioned  road  roller  drawn  by  a  heavy  team. 

A  modern   street  sweeper  came   next,   followed   by   ten    men    in 
checked  suits,  bearing  sweepers,  brooms,  shovels,  picks,  etc.     Two 
of  the  city  hand  carts  came  next,  and  the  rear  of   the   whole  was 
brought  up  by  the  new  steam  road  roller. 
17 


258  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

FINALE. 

The  reviewing  stand  was  occupied  by  invited  guests,  and  many  of 
our  prominent  citizens,  all  of  whom  expressed  their  surprise  and 
delight  at  this  unparalleled  display  of  the  military  and  civic,  as  well 
as  the  trades  and  manufactures  of  the  city," 

Thus  closed  the  grand  procession. 

THE  STEAM  ROLLER. 

"The  exhibition  of  the  steamr  oad  roller  on  Temple  street  at  3.30 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon  was  witnessed  by  a  large  crowd.  Granite 
boulders  to  the  depth  of  two  feet  had  been  placed  in  the  street,  and 
the  roller  settled  them  about  eight  inches.  On  Thursday  afternoon 
Street  Commissioner  Staples  will  put  on  about  eight  inches  of 
crushed  stone,  and  the  power  of  the  roller  will  be  again  tested  in  the 
presence  of  the  Committee  on  Streets.  At  this  exhibition  the  roller 
^ill  probably  be  officially  accepted  by  the  city.  Jesse  Martin,  who 
'Came  from  England  to  set  it  up,  handled  the  roller  in  fine  shape. 
He  thoroughly  understood  his  business." 

The  Daily  Argus  of  the  next  day  said: 

"Portland's  great  centennial  celebration  has  passed  its  first  stage, 
and  our  citizens  can  congratulate  themselves  on  having  provided  the 
best  celebration  that  has  ever  occurred  here.  While  the  early  morn- 
ing was  not  very  pleasant,  before  the  procession  started  the  sun 
came  out,  but  its  heat  was  tempered  by  a  delightful  breeze.  The 
procession  in  the  forenoon  was  the  most  elaborate  ever  seen  in  this 
city.  The  merchants  are  entitled  to  remarkable  praise  in  every 
respect,  and  even  the  unobserving  must  have  been  struck  with  the 
elaborate  display  made.  The  allegorical  representations  were  also 
on  a  grarvd  scale,  while  the  fire  department,  showing  engines  from 
the  old  Cataract  to  the  steam  engines,  was  very  attractive.  All 
along  the  line  were  heard  exclamations  of  delight  at  the  magnificence 
of  the  procession.  One  very  attractive  feature  of  the  procession 
was  the  Glen  House  coaches,  each  drawn  by  six  handsome  horses. 
All  the  coaches  were  filled  with  happy  people.  The  procession  was 
two  hours  passing  a  given  point,  and  was  about  four  miles  in  length. 
For  so  large  a  procession  it  was  moved  remarkably  near  time. 
There  was  no  hitch,  every  division  wheeled  into  line  in  the  proper 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  259 

place,  and  at  the  exact  time,  and  all  moved  harmoniously.  The 
naval  brigade  was  received  with  hearty  and  persistent  applause,  and 
the  commercial  travellers  made  friends  all  along  the  line. 

There  were  probably  twenty-five  thousand  strangers  in  the  city. 
The  Boston  &  Maine-Eastern  brought  in  Sunday  and  yesterday 
some  ten  thousand,  the  Maine  Central  about  five  thousand,  the 
Portland  &  Rochester  two  thousand,  the  Grand  Trunk  three 
thousand,  and  the  Portland  and  Ogdensburg  nearly  two  thousand, 
and  the  steamers,  teams,  etc.,  the  remainder. 

It  was  a  great  day  for  Portland,  one  that  reflected  much  credit 
upon  the  citizens,  and  particularly  the  committees  who  have  labored 
so  faithfully  to  bring  the  celebration  to  so  happy  a  consummation. 
Nothing  like  it  was  ever  seen  here  before,  and  probably  will  not 
again  for  many  years.  It  far  excelled  any  exhibition  that  has  been 
given  in  Boston,  so  said  several  gentlemen  who  had  witnessed  their 
greatest  displays  there. 

The  story  of  the  progress  of  Portland  in  one  hundred  years  was 
admirably  told  in  the  moving  pictures ;  they  showed  us  how  our  first 
settlers  lived,  and  how  the  nabobs  of  the  present  day  reside  in 
luxury;  how  the  brave  men  extinguished  fires  in  the  olden  times, 
with  simple  appliances,  compared  with  the  powerful  steamers  of 
today;  how  the  roads  were  repaired  in  years  agone,  and  the  power- 
ful street  roller  of  now." 

THE  DECORATIONS. 

The  city  was  gaily  decorated  in  honor  of  the  great 
celebration.  Everywhere  flags  were  flying  from  public 
and  private  buildings.  Professional  decorators  had 
been  at  work  during  all  the  week,  and  a  very  large 
number  of  houses  and  other  buildings  were  decorated 
with  bunting,  flags,  shields,  and  various  devices,  many 
bearing  words  of  welcome  for  the  returning  natives  of 
the  town. 

The  decorations  by  the  city  comprised  the  City  Hall, 
the  Old  City  Hall,  engine  houses,  etc.,  and  arches  of 
flags  placed  on  Congress  street   as   follows:     At    the 


260  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Observatory;  at  the  head  of  Washington  street;  at  the 
head  of  India  street;  at  the  corner  of  Franklin  and 
Congress  streets;  at  the  corner  of  Pearl  and  Congress 
streets;  at  the  head  of  Elm  street;  at  the  head  of  Casco 
street;  at  the  junction  of  Free  and  Congress  streets; 
at  State  street  square;  at  the  corner  of  Carleton  and 
Congress  streets. 

The  private  decorations  on  the  route  of  the  proces- 
sion were  by  the  following  parties: 

Congress  Street. — Davis  block,  at  corner  of  Exchange  street, 
Casco  fire  engine  house,  Second  Parish  church,  Oren  Hooper, 
Son  &  Leighton,  Morse  &  Sweetsir,  S.  W.  Warren  &  Co.,  Booths  at 
Lincoln  Park,  George  C.  Frye,  Dr.  John  T.  Palmer,  John  D. 
Williams,  Dr.  Frank  P.  Scully,  James  F.  Pierce,  Edgar  R.  Dow, 
Charles  B.  Turner,  Mrs.  T.  B.  Tolford,  Kavanagh  School  building, 
Mrs.  Jane  Swett,  Wm.  H.  Kohling,  C.  F.  Dunlap,  Rufus  Stanley. 

Washington  Street. — Charles  W.  York,  John  Conlon,  Michael 
Scanlon,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Philbrook. 

Cumberland  Street. — J.  M.  Richardson,  L.  D.  Austin,  David  F. 
Corser,  John  B.  Coyle,  jr.,  Mr.  Weston,  Edward  Chenery,  John  L. 
Shaw,  Christopher  Way,  Martin  Pennell  &  Co.,  Dr.  Allen,  M.  S. 
Knight,  J.  B.  Donnell,  J.  F.  Merrill,  Mrs.  M.  H.  Humphrey,  Wm.  W. 
Latham,  Wm.  H.  Josselyn,  Dr.  John  B.  Hughes,  K.  F.  Thompson, 
John  True,  C.  D.  Clark,  Mr.  Hunt,  C.  L.  Drummond,  Elmer  Brown, 
E.  C.  Milliken. 

High  Street, — John  F.  Rand,  A.  J.  Pettingell,  William  Tibbetts, 
O.  M.  Shaw,  Mrs.  T.  E.  Twitchell. 

Deering  Street. — Hon.  John  W.  Deering,  F.  O.  Gould,  James  E. 
McDowell,  Russell  Lewis,  J.  S.  Winslow,  John  N.  Lord,  W.  H.  Wood- 
bury, John  P.  Thomas,  Alfred  Woodman,  George  F.  Thurston,  John 
Q.  Twitchell,  Sterling  Dow,  F.  V.  Carney,  Samuel  W.  Larrabee,  Wm. 
H.  Anderson,  Frank  E.  Allen,  John  E.  DeWitt. 

State  Street. — O.  K.  Gerrish,  D.  W.  Clark,  Hon.  George  Walker, 
Dr.  L  T.  Dana,  H.  M.  Payson. 

Congress  Street. — Dr.  S.  H.  Weeks,  Dr.  Lewis  W.  Pendleton, 
Eben  Corey,  Henry  W.  Hersey,  Henry  T.  Cummings,  J.  P.  Wheel- 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  261 

wright,  Payson  Tucker,  F.  N.  Dow,  Dr.  E.  E.  Holt,  J.  S.  Champlin, 
Mrs.  P.  A.  Waterhouse. 

Carleton  Street. — James  White,  Lewis  B.  Smith,  a  very  elab- 
orate decoration;  Geo.  E.  Kenworthy,  jr.,  C.  F.  Jordan,  Mrs.  N.  M. 
Woodman,  W.  P.  Higgins,  E.  P.  Staples,  John  P.  Hobbs,  Alderman 
Wm.  M.  Marks,  E.  G.  Spring,  Samuel  Waterhouse,  G.  L.  Bailey, 
Charles  F.  Morse,  Oliver  Hay,  Howard  Gould,  J.  C.  Hamlin,  Charles 
S.  Chase. 

Pine  Street. — F.  H.  Fassett  and  X.  John  Little,  very  fine  deco- 
rations; H.  W.  Shaylor,  M.  P.  Frank,  Henry  M.  Howes,  John  M. 
Jordan,  Mrs.  Jane  Hersom,  M.  A.  Jewell,  Clinton  L.  Baxter,  Walter 
H.  Thomas,  Benjamin  Stone,  J.  S.  Douglass,  J.  S.  Eustis,  Major  H. 
S,  Melcher,  the  Chief  Marshal  of  the  procession,  a  fine  display ;  Mrs. 
M.  H.  Sweetsir,  George  B.  Loring,  John  Sparrow,  Charles  A.  Eaton, 
J.  Ambrose  Merrill,  Hon.  J.  W.  Symonds,  B.  A.  Perkins,  George  E. 
B.  Jackson,  Mrs.  Julia  A.  Gerrish,  Edwin  Clement,  Joseph  E.  Blabon. 

State  Street. — Mrs.  George  F.  Shepley,  Daniel  F.  Emery,  Rt. 
Rev.  H.  A.  Neely,  Rev.  C.  M.  Sills,  W.  F.  Milliken,  Wm.  E.  Gould, 
a  very  tasteful  display ;  Charles  A.  Brown,  Mrs.  L.  A.  Baker,  H.  B. 
Stephenson,  Mrs.  James  Bailey,  Geo.  H.  Knight,  Samuel  H.  Stevens, 
Everett  Smith,  J.  L.  Rackleff,  Hanno  W.  Gage,  Mrs.  John  Russell, 
Thomas  Shaw,  J.  P.  Marquand,  Rev.  C.  W.  Doherty,  Fred  Fox,  A. 
G.  Dewey,  George  A.  Thomas,  tasteful  decorations,  and  this 
inscription : 

"God  of  the  centuries!     Today 
A  hundred  years  the  tale  has  told, 
And  lingering  in  their  welcome  shade, 
We  listen  to  the  days  of  old. 
To  us  how  fast  the  centuries  flight, 
To  thee  as  watchers  in  the  night." 
"This  house  built  in  1800;  ours  one  hope,  one  life  work,  one  creed." 

N.  M.  Perkins,  Charles  C.  Dole. 

Danforth  Street. — Charles  A.  Gushing,  Charles  McCarthy,  jr.. 
Home  for  Aged  Men. 

Park  Street. — Wm.  K.  Hilton,  Henry  C.  Fitch,  James  S.  ^Larrett, 
J.  W.  Waterhouse,  J.  S.  Kirkpatrick,  Chadwick  Mansion. 

Pleasant  Street. — William  R.  Wood. 

High     Street. — William     Leavitt,     Albert     Marwick,    Wm.    H, 


262  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Moulton,  Charles  W.   Roberts,    Mrs.   Helen   W.    Colby,    Dr.    T.    A. 
Foster,  W.  S.  Dana,  Horatio  N.  Jose. 

Congress  Street. — Harrison  J.  and  James  B.  Libby,  William  S. 
Banks,  Dr.  J.  P.  Wentworth,  Hammond  block,  A.  L.  Millett,  George 
C.  Shaw,  City  Hotel,  D.  I.  Deland,  William  Milliken  &  Co.,  John  W. 
Deering,  Sawyer  &  Dyer,  G.  J.  Hodgson,  Machigonne  Engine  Co.'s 
house,  Riggs  &  Co.,  J.  R.  Lunt  &  Co.,  C.  E.  Bean,  Durant  block, 
Brown  block,  Rines  Brothers,  Mitchell  and  Powers,  John  S.  Russell, 
Millett  &  Little,  Owen,  Moore  &  Co.,  Mrs.  F.  C.  Chase,  Eastman 
Bros.  &  Bancroft,  Turner  Brothers,  Lamson's  studio,  Lancaster 
block,  Robinson  block,  Loring,  Short  &  Harmon,  Haskell  &  Jones, 
Preble  House  —  a  very  beautiful  and  elaborate  display;  Thatcher 
Post,  G.  A.  R.,  Hon.  A.  W.  H.  Clapp,  Farrington  block,  Chadwick 
House,  Chase  House,  Union  Mutual  Insurance  Co.'s  block — very 
finely  decorated — (see  illustration). 

OTHER  DECORATIONS. 

At  the  Depots. — The  decorations  of  the  Maine  Central  offices 
were  very  neat.  From  the  top  of  the  building  American  flags  were 
draped.  Above  the  windows  on  the  front  side,  red  and  white  bunt- 
ing was  festooned;  below  the  windows  black,  orange  and  red  bunting. 
The  entrance  was  draped  from  the  balcony  with  American  flags ; 
shield  of  Maine  Central  in  front  of  balcony  with  British  flag  below. 
The  side  of  the  building  was  festooned  with  red,  white  and  blue 
bunting.  Both  the  old  and  the  new  Boston  and  Maine  and  Maine 
Central  depots  were  handsomely  festooned  with  flags  of  different 
nations  and  bunting. 

Public  Buildings. — The  decorations  at  the  City  building  were 
superior  to  those  of  any  former  display.  The  whole  front  of  the 
building,  from  the  base  of  the  dome  to  the  sidewalk,  was  prettily  and 
artistically  decorated  with  red,  white  and  blue  streamers  arranged  in 
various  and  unique  devices.  The  main  entrance  was  adorned  with 
national  flags  caught  up  on  the  supporting  pillars  of  the  portico. 
On  the  front  of  the  portico  on  white  canvas  were  the  words  "  Wel- 
come Home  "  in  large  black  letters.  Between  these  words  was  a 
representation  of  two  hands  clasped.  To  the  left  of  this  regent 
appeared  the  old  Indian  name   "Machigonne,"  and   on  a   similar 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION,  263 

position  at  the  right,  the  old  English  name  "  Falmouth."  Over  and 
above  these  were  flags  arranged  in  varied  and  graceful  designs.  The 
figure  of  an  Indian  in  full  war  costume,  appeared  over  the  name 
Machigonne,  and  the  figure  of  the  Goddess  of  Liberty  over  Fal- 
mouth. From  the  flagstaff  on  the  dome  were  flags  of  all  nations 
running  to  the  tower. 

In  the  City  Hall. — Around  the  ventilator  in  the  centre  of  the 
hall  was  a  handsome  circular  design  of  blue  bunting  with  stars. 
Radiating  from  thence  in  every  direction  were  blue  and  white 
streamers.  They  were  caught  at  the  various  pillars,  and  the  ends 
hung  in  folds.  The  entire  background  of  the  stage  was  covered 
with  a  piece  of  scenery  representing  the  naval  conflict  between  the 
"Enterprise"  and  "Boxer,"  ofif  Monhegan.  The  painting  was 
executed  by  Story.  Over  the  top  of  this  picture  was  the  word 
"Welcome  "  in  large  letters,  and  above  "1786"  and  "  1886."  Above 
this  was  looped  folds  of  red,  white  and  blue  bunting,  going  from  here 
entirely  around  the  hall.  Flags  were  drooped  from  the  top  of  the 
canvas  to  the  bottom  on  either  end.  On  one  side  was  the  Maine 
coat-of-arms,  and  on  the  other  the  Massachusetts  coat-of-arms. 
Red  and  white,  and  blue  and  white  festoons  appeared  under  their 
coat-of-arms.  The  tri-colored  bunting  was  looped  gracefully  along  the 
front  of  the  stage.  In  the  window-niches  were  the  coat-of-arms  of 
the  various  States,  with  flags  of  the  different  nations,  and  on  the 
pillars  flags  were  festooned  in  designs  of  butterflies,  with  shields  in 
the  centre.  White  lace  was  draped  around  the  gallery,  caught  with 
small  glittering  stars  and  shields.  At  the  right,  on  a  white  ground- 
work and  in  red  letters,  was  the  old  Indian  name  "Machigonne." 
The  following  names,  displayed  in  the  same  manner,  with  pretty 
designs  between  each,  surrounded  the  gallery  :  Casco  Bay,  the  next 
name  given  to  our  city;  The  Neck,  a  later  appellation  ;  Falmouth,  the 
old  English  name,  and  finally  Portland.  Alternating  with  these 
names  were,  first  on  a  groundwork  of  flags  the  centennial  shield 
bearing  the  dates  "1786-1886,"  the  Maine  coat-of-arms,  and  another 
centennial  shield. 

The  Reception  hall  was  also  handsomely  decorated.  The  Mayor's 
office.  City  Clerk's  office,  and  in  fact  all  the  rooms  on  the  floor  were 
very  prettily  and  artistically  festooned,  and  as  well  the  passage-ways 
below  and  above.     The  work  of  decorating  this  building  and  the  Old 


264  "      CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

City  Hall  was  done  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Weston,  of  Lawrence.  The  fact 
that  this  was  undoubtedly  the  best  arranged  display  ever  seen  here 
was  the  highest  praise  that  could  be  given  the  designer. 

The  Old  City  Hall. — From  the  flag  staff  at  the  top  four  lines 
were  suspended  to  the  roof  and  top  of  the  verandah,  being  hung 
with  small  flags.  In  the  highest  portion  of  the  front  on  a  ground 
work  of  flags  rested  the  American  eagle  with  a  portrait  of  George 
Washington.  In  either  side  were  flag  rosettes.  Just  above  the  main 
entrance  were  the  words  in  large,  black  letters,  "  Portland  Welcomes 
her  Sons  and  Daughters."  Large  American  flags  were  draped  from 
here  to  the  pillars,  with  Portland's  charter  seal  in  the  centre,  and  at 
the  entrance  on  each  side  were  festooned  orange,  blue,  red  and 
white  bunting  flags.  Over  the  windows  were  also  draped  American 
flags  with  a  festoon  of  red,  white  and  blue  bunting  below.  In  the 
centre  of  the  left  window  was  a  shield  with  "Falmouth  1786"  and 
on  the  right  window,  "Portland  1886." 

The  First  National  Bank  building  was  elaborately  decorated 
with  flags  and  streamers. 

Mayor  Chapman's  residence,  375  Spring  street,  was  profusely 
and  handsomely  decorated. 

The  Falmouth  Hotel. — The  Falmouth  Hotel  was  decorated  in  a 
most  extensive,  artistic  manner.  It  made  one  of  the  finest  looking 
buildings  in  the  city.  Flags,  bunting,  streamers,  and  figure  pieces 
literally  covered  its  imposing  facade.  Over  the  main  entrance  was  a 
strip  of  white  canvas  bearing  the  words,  "Welcome  to  All."  Within 
the  hotel,  the  corridors  and  office  were  tastefully  decorated.  The 
whole  was  a  credit  to  the  taste  and  enterprise  of  Mr.  John  K. 
Martin,  the  proprietor. 

HISTORICAL   INSCRIPTIONS. 

The  Historical  Committee  caused  to  be  prepared  the 
following  inscriptions,  which  were  temporarily  affixed  to 
the  buildings  and  places  hereinafter  designated,  as  being 
historic  spots,  and  former  residences  of  Portland's  dis- 
tinguished citizens  now  deceased: 

I  On  the  fence  enclosing  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  yard  at  the 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  265 

foot  of  Hancock  street — "George  Cleeve  and  Richard  Tucker  built 
the  first  house  near  this  spot  in  1633." 

2  At  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  station,  foot  of  India  street — "The 
site  of  Fort  Loyall,  destroyed  by  the  French  and  Indians,  May  20 
(O.  S.),  1690." 

3  On  the  Portland  Company's  office,  Fore  street — "  Near  this  spot 
was  built  the  first  meeting-house,  1680.  In  it  preached  the  Rev. 
George  Burroughs,  1688." 

4  On  the  north-west  corner  of  Middle  and  India  streets — "  The 
site  of  meeting-house,  built  in  1721." 

5  On  vacant  lot  opposite  the  head  of  India  street — "  Site  of  Par- 
son Smith's  house,  erected  in  1732,  burnt  in  1775." 

6  On  house  on  the  south-east  corner  of  Congress  and  Hampshire 
streets — *'  Site  of  Ann  Greely's  Tavern,  where  the  early  courts  and 
councils  were  held." 

7  On  the  south-west  corner  of  Franklin  and  Middle  streets — 
"Site  of  Ross  and  Tyng  house,  built  in  1750,  burnt  in  1866." 

8  On  the  house  on  the  north-east  corner  of  Fore  and  Hancock 
streets — "  Henry  W.  Longfellow  was  born  in  this  house,  February 
27,  1807." 

9  Casco  Bank  building,  No.  195  Middle  street — "  Site  of  the  house 
where  Commodore  Preble  lived  and  died,  in  1807." 

ID  On  store  on  Middle  street,  opposite  the  foot  of  Free  street — 
"Site  of  first  house  burnt  by  Mowatt,  October,  1775." 

1 1  On  store  in  the  Hammond  block.  Market  square — "  Site  of  the 
Marston  Tavern." 

12  On  house  No.  487  Congress  street,  adjoining  Preble  House — 
"  Home  of  Longfellow." 

13  On  house  No.  97  York  street — "The  oldest  in  town,  built  in 
1738." 

14  House  on  south-west  corner  of  High  and  York  streets — "  This 
house  was  built  in  1740." 

15  Chadwick  House,  rear  431  Congress  street — "Built  in  1765." 

16  House  of  Mrs.  Tolford,  286  Congress  street — "The  second 
two-storied  house  in  the  town  was  built  on  this  site,  1742  ;  withstood 
the  destruction  of  the  town  in  1775  ;  burned  in  1866."  A  ball  ex- 
hibited :  "  This  ball  was  thrown  from  Mowatt's  fleet,  lodged  in  the 
timbers  of  the  old  house." 


266  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

17  On  house  on  north-east  corner  of  Middle  and  Franklin 
streets. — "Site  of  house  in  which  Rev.  Edward  Payson  lived  and 
died,  Oct.  22,  1827." 

18  On  the  north  part  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  on  the  corner 
of  Wilmot  and  Congress  streets. — "Nathaniel  Parker  Willis  was 
born  in  the  house  that  formerly  stood  here,  1806." 

19  On  house  No.  72  Franklin  street. — "Sarah  P.  Willis  (Fanny 
Fern)  born  on  this  spot,  July  7,  181 1." 

20  On  house  No.  175  State  street — "Residence  of  John  Neal." 

21  On  house  No.  166  State  street — "Homes  of  Prentiss  Mellen 
and  Wm.  P.  Fessenden." 

22  On  Congress  Hall  building,  420  Congress  street — "  Sargent  S. 
Prentiss,  Portland's  distinguished  son,  born  on  this  site." 

23  On  house  on  north-east  corner  of  Elm  and  Cumberland  streets 
— "  Home  of  Simon  Greenleaf." 

24  On  house  No.  81  Free  street — "  Home  of  William  Willis." 

25  On  house  No.  101  Free  street — "Home  of  Ashur  Ware." 

26  On  house  No.  156  State  street — "Residences  of  Ether  Shepley 
and  George  F.  Shepley." 

27  On  house  No.  51  State  street — "Residence  of  Hon.  Wm.  P. 
Preble." 

28  On  front  of  steps  at  Old  City  Hall — "  Sargent  S.  Prentiss  here 
made  his  memorable  speech,  August,  1840." 

29  On  the  south-east  corner  of  steps — "  On  these  steps  Frederick 
Douglass  made  his  first  anti-slavery  speech  in  Portland,  September, 
1842." 

30  On  a  tree  on  State,  near  Congress  street,  the  following  tablet 
was  intended  to  be  placed  : 

"the  tyng  estate. 

"  All  the  lands  on  both  sides  of  State  street,  forty-four  acres,  were  possessed  by 
the  Tyng  family  during  three  generations — Edward  Tyng,  the  older,  1686  to  1728  ; 
Commodore  Edward  Tyng  and  John  Tyng,  1728-1755;  Sheriff  and  Col.  William 
Tyng  (22  acres),  1755  to  1787.  Confiscated  by  the  Massachusetts  Government  on 
account  of  Col.  William  Tyng  being  a  Tory,  1787.  Sold  to  Joseph  H.  Ingraham, 
1799." 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  267 

AFTERNOON   EXERCISES. 

Thousands  of  people  flocked  to  Deering  Park  in  the 
afternoon  to  witness  the  dances  of  the  Hebdomadal 
Indians  and  the  music  by  the  children  of  the  public 
schools.  During  these  dances  there  was  an  almost 
continuous  display  of  day  fireworks,  and  Chandler's 
Band  played  some  fine  selections.  Nearly  a  thousand 
school  children  were  seated  on  a  raised  platform,  and 
sang  the  following  songs: 

America. 

The  Star  Spangled  Banner. 

Prayer  for  Our  Country. 

Independence  Day, 

Columbia,  the  Gem  of  the  Ocean. 

Hail  Columbia. 

Mrs.   Ann   E.   Merrill   conducted   the   children,   and 

kept  them  well  in  time. 

THE    BALLOON    ASCENSION. 

At  twelve  o'clock  Prof.  C.  H.  Grimley  began  to  pre- 
pare to  fill  the  balloon  with  25,000  feet  of  gas.  An 
immense  crowd  of  people  in  and  about  Lincoln  Park 
watched  the  operation.  At  four  p.m.  the  balloon  was 
about  ready,  and  at  five  o'clock  the  rope  was  cut  and 
the  professor,  accompanied  by  Dr.  W.  L.  Vandorn  of 
New  York,  gracefully  ascended.  The  wind  was  light 
from  the  south,  south-east.  For  the  first  three  thousand 
feet  the  atmosphere  was  clear,  but  the  fog  had  been 
steadily  drifting  in  from  the  sea,  and  at  that  height 
objects  below  could  not  be  discerned,  only  the  mast- 
heads of  the  war-ships,  but  in  the  upper  strata  where 
the  balloon  was,  all  was  clear.  At  that  height  the  bal- 
loon floated  between  the  coast  and  land  and  at  five 


268  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

thousand  feet  elevation  took  a  current  that  carried  her 
over  the  breakers.  The  professor  then  let  out  the  gas 
and  the  balloon  descended  into  the  fog  current  and  ran 
inland  to  a  spot  over  Mr.  Morgan's  farm  in  Falmouth, 
about  two  miles  from  the  shore.  In  descending  Mr. 
Morgan  caught  the  drag-rope  and  tied  it  to  a  fence. 
The  fog  was  so  dense  it  was  decided  to  continue  the 
voyage  no  farther.  A  series  of  captive  ascensions  then 
were  given  sending  Mrs.  Morgan  and  children  up  three 
hundred  feet,  and  some  gentlemen.  Prof.  Grimley  went 
up  with  a  Mr.  Proctor  and  the  drag-rope  broke,  through 
a  sudden  lurch,  but  the  anchor  was  put  out  and  the 
balloon  descended.  The  balloon  was  then  emptied  of 
its  gas,  and  Mr.  Morgan's  son  brought  the  balloonists 
to  the  city. 

EVENING. 
The  sham  fight  between  the  Hebdomadal  tribe  of 
Indians  and  the  settlers,  represented  by  the  Sons  of 
Veterans,  occurred  on  Bramhall  hill  in  the  evening  as 
previously  announced.  The  vast  extent  of  Bramhall 
was  covered  on  every  inch  of  its  surface.  Standing 
room  could  hardly  be  found.  Even  the  roofs  of  adjacent 
dwellings  were  covered  with  excited  urchins.  Owing 
to  the  fog  which  arose  at  nightfall,  only  part  of  the 
skirmish  was  witnessed.  The  following  were  the  lead- 
ing features  of  the  contest: 

Scene  i. — Friendly  intercourse  of  whites  and  Indians. 

Scene  2. — In  the  corner  of  the  Maine  Central  field,  the  tribe 
dance  the  war  dance  while  the  whites  work  about  their  homes. 

Scene  3. — Attack  on  Cleeve  and  Tucker's  families;  destruction  of 
their  two  cabins;  a  settler  killed  and  scalped;  the  old  men,  women 
and  children  taken  prisoners;  (Indians  secure  their  guns  in  this  fight.) 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  269 

Scene  4, — The  Indians  return  to  their  homes  and  dance  the  scalp 
dance  and  rejoice  over  their  success.  In  the  meantime  other  settlers 
move  into  other  cabins. 

Scene  5. — The  whites  build  Fort  Loyall, 

Scene  6. — Indians  seen  at  home  dancing  war  dance.  On  the  left 
of  the  settlement  troops  seen  advancing,  Indians  move  against  the 
settlers  and  are  met  by  the  troops  under  Major  Church.  Battle 
scene  at  Anthony  Brackett's  barn  under  Bramhall's  hill,  Indians 
defeated,  return  home,  soldiers  go  to  the  fort. 

Scene  7. — French  and  Indians  attack  and  kill  Lieut.  Clark  and 
his  scouting  party  of  thirteen,  on  Munjoy  hill,  besiege  and  capture 
Fort  Loyall.  Indians  fire  the  fort  by  shooting  arrows  with  birch  bark 
on  fire  into  the  enclosure,  and  thus  drive  the  garrison  out  and  take 
them  prisoners. 

Scene  8. — Battle  of  Purpooduck,  Indians  entirely  destroy  the 
town,  killing  twenty-five  persons. 

FIREWORKS. 

The  slopes  of  Bramhall  were  covered  with  a  mighty 
throng  in  the  evening  to  witness  the  fireworks,  but  it 
was  disappointed.  At  dusk  a  dense  fog  suddenly- 
arising  rendered  it  impossible  to  witness  the  display. 

The  committee  decided  to  postpone  it  until  Wednes- 
day evening  at  8  o'clock. 

CITY    BUILDING    ILLUMINATED. 

The  front  of  City  Building  in  the  evening  presented 
an  attractive  appearance.  Above  the  doors  was  the 
city  shield  encompased  in  red  bunting,  while  on  either 
side  small  incandescent  electric  lights  of  alternating 
colors  were  stretched  to  the  upper  corners  of  the  door. 
Below  the  shield  small  electric  lights  formed  the  word 
"  Portland."  Above  glittered  the  figures  "  1633,"  signify- 
ing  the  earliest  settlement.  On  the  left  was  the  date 
"1786,"  while  on  the  right  was  that  of  "1886."  The 
make-up  was  exceedingly  unique,  and  at  first  sight  the 
figures  resembled  glittering  stars. 


270  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


THIRD  DAY  OF  THE  CELEBRATION. 


Tuesday,  July  gth. 


The  day  was  clear  and  pleasant,  although  oppressively 
hot.  The  mercury  was  among  the  nineties,  and  what 
breeze  there  was  came  from  the  west  and  was  dry,  and 
was  in  marked  contrast  with  the  sea  air  of  Monday. 

REGATTA. 

The  first  event  on  the  programme  was  the  regatta  as 
arranged  by  the  committee,  and  which  took  place  at 
8.30  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  course  was  from 
Union  wharf  to  Great  Eastern  wharf  and  return.  The 
races  were  as  follows,  viz.: 

PROFESSIONAL    SINGLES. 

The  first  was  the  single  scull  race.  The  names,  colors  and  position 
were  as  follows  : 

NAMES.  POSITIONS.  COLORS. 

F.  A.  Plaisted 1  Red. 

Wni.  Payne 2  White. 

W.  F.  Stevens 3  Blue. 

J.  O'Donnell 4  Green. 

J.  P.  Buckley 5  Pink. 

P.  Conley G  Orange. 

Mr.  Payne  did  not  appear.  The  number  six  position  was  outside, 
while  the  first  position  was  nearest  to  the  wharves.  At  the  word 
Buckley  took  water  first  and  held  the  lead,  with  Conley  and  Plaisted 
even  seconds,  Stevens  two  lengths  behind,  and  O'Donnell  in  the 
rear.  Opposite  Custom  House  wharf  Conley  spurted  and  left 
Plaisted,  who  had  rougher  water.  When  Grand  Trunk  Elevator 
wharf  was  passed   Conley  had   a  slight  lead.     From   this  point  he 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  271 

increased  his  lead  and  turned  the  stake-boat  six  lengths  in  advance 
of  Buckley,  and  easily  won.  Plaisted  made  a  good  turn  and  com- 
menced to  gain  on  Buckley.  Stevens  gained  rapidly  on  the  leaders. 
O'Donnell  was  out  of  the  race.  Plaisted  passed  Buckley  opposite 
Portland  Co.'s  wharf.  He  held  that  position  to  the  finish.  Stevens 
spurted  and  tried  to  gain  on  Buckley,  but  it  was  of  no  use. 

Buckley  took  third  position  only  one  length  behind  Plaisted, 
Stevens  fourth,  and  O'Donnell  fifth.     Time  as  follows : 

Conley,  14.45;  Plaisted,  14.50;  Buckley,  14.52;  Stevens,  14.53; 
O'Donnell,  15.     The  prizes,  ist,  $75.00;  2d,  $40.00;  3d,  $25.00. 

JUNIOR    SINGLES. 

The  second  was  the  junior  single  scull  race  with  the  following 
starters  : 

NAMES.  POSITIONS.  COLORS. 

F.  W.  Buckley 1  White. 

P.  McDermott 2  Blue. 

A.  A.  Frates 3  Orange. 

J.  E.  Morgan 4  Salmon. 

Buckley  took  the  lead  at  the  word,  with  a  rapid  stroke.  The 
"  Cornelia  H."  turned  the  course  and  as  Buckley  was  leading  he  had 
to  take  the  wash  of  the  ferry-boat ;  from  this  point  he  simply  pulled 
over  the  course.  In  the  meantime  Frates  had  drawn  away  from  the 
others.  He  maintained  his  lead  and  turned  the  stake-boat  six 
lengths  in  advance  of  Morgan  and  McDermott.  Frates  crossed  the 
line  twenty  lengths  ahead,  making  it  in  14.58.  Morgan  and  McDer- 
mott made  a  hard  fight  for  second  place.  On  the  last  quarter  mile 
McDermott  gained  the  lead  and  crossed  the  line  in  15.40,  three 
lengths  ahead  of  Morgan.     Buckley's  time  was  16.50. 

Prizes —  ist,  gold  watch;  2d,  silver  watch;  3d,  opera  glasses. 

DOUBLE    WORKING    BOATS. 

The  next  was  a  working-boat  race.     The  starters  were  : 

NAMES.  POSITIONS.  COLOK8. 

O'Brien  and  Donahue 1  Blue. 

Payne  and  Kinsley 2  Green. 

Conley  and  Buckley 3  Pink. 

O'Donnell  and  Davis 4  Orange. 

O'Brien  and  Donahue  caught  a  crab  on  the  start,  so  the  others 
had  the  benefit  of  a  good  start.     They  were  close  till  opposite  the 


272  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Grand  Trunk  Elevator  wharf,  when  Paine  and  Kinsley  took  the  lead 
and  made  the  turn  in  fine  shape  two  lengths  ahead  of  O'Brien  and 
Donahue,  and  Conley  and  Buckley,  who  made  the  turn  together. 
The  race  home  was  exciting ;  first,  one  would  spurt  and  close  the 
lead  of  Payne  and  Kinsley,  and  then  the  other  would  respond. 
Payne  and  Kinsley  won  in  16.40.  O'Brien  and  Donahue  second 
after  a  hard  race  in  16.42;  Conley  and  Buckley  third,  in  16.44; 
O'Donnell  and  Davis  fourth,  in  16.54. 

Prizes  for  this  race: — ist,  $75;  2d,  $40;  3d,  $20. 

JUNIOR  FOUR   OARS. 

The  fourth  event  was  the  race  between  the  Dirigos  and  Cumber- 
lands.  The  Cumberlands  were  composed  of  the  following  men  :  M. 
A.  Clary,  P.  H.  McDonough,  E.  W.  Lenard,  H.  A.  Frates. 

The  Dirigos,  R.  E.  Davis,  H.  F.  McGee,  S.  H.  Cady,  J.  D. 
Randall. 

The  Cumberlands  had  the  inside  or  that  nearest  the  wharves. 
Their  color  was  white,  while  that  of  the  Dirigos  was  red.  Both 
crews  took  the  water  together  and  Cumberland  obtained  the  lead  and 
turned  the  stake  boat  three  lengths  ahead  and  maintained  their  lead 
to  the  finish.  The  Cumberlands'  time  was  14.10.  The  Dirigos  fin- 
ished eight  lengths  behind  the  Cumberlands.     Time  14.28. 

SENIOR    FOUR    OARS. 

The  last  event  was  a  race  between  the  following  crews : 

NAMES.  POSITIONS.  COLORS. 

Cumberland 1  Pink. 

Nameless 2  White. 

Dirigo 3  Blue. 

The  crews  were  made  up  as  follows  : 

Cumberland — T.  P.  Dennis,  E.  Norton,  P.  J.  McMahon,  W.  J. 
Dennis. 

Dirigo  —  M.  L.  Greely,  W.  J.  Prim,  M.  E.  Myers,  M.  G.  Davis. 

Nameless  —  John  Webber,  J.  Flaherty,  J.  Morgan,  W.  W.  Stowell. 

The  three  crews  took  the  water  together.  Cumberland  and  Name- 
less pulled  away  from  the  Dirigos,  whose  steering  was  faulty.  The 
Nameless  took  the  turn  first  and  Cumberland  next,  a  length  behind. 
The  Dirigos  made  a  beautiful  turn  and  thus  gained  what  they  had 
lost.     The  Nameless  held  the   lead  and  crossed  the  line  in  14.20, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  273 

followed  by  Cumberland  five   seconds  later,    and  the   Dirigos   ten 
seconds  later. 

The  races  were  witnessed  by  a  great  throng  of  people 
on  the  wharves,  Munjoy  hill  and  in  row  boats. 

The  judges  were  Messrs.  Dugan  and  Reardon  for  the 
Cumberlands,  and  Messrs.  Gibbons  and  McLean  for  the 
Dirigos.  Time-keeper,  Wm.  H.  Greene ;  Referee,  Peter 
O'Connor. 

EXERCISES  IN  THE  CITY  HALL. 

Long  before  the  hour  appointed  for  the  exercises  in 
the  City  Hall,  the  audience  began  to  assemble,  and  by 
lo  o'clock  the  extra  seats  and  aisles  were  crowded  and 
late  comers  could  obtain  no  entrance.  A  portion  of 
the  hall  had  been  reserved  for  invited  guests,  and  seats 
on  the  platform  had  been  reserved  for  those  to  whom 
invitations  had  been  sent. 

Chandler's  Band,  preliminary  to  the  exercises,  played 
several  choice  selections  in  their  inimitable  style. 

Precisely  at  lo  o'clock  Mayor  Chapman,  followed  by 
Hon.  Thomas  B.  Reed,  Mrs.  Abba  Goold  Woolson  and 
others  who  participated,  came  upon  the  platform. 
Following  them,  were  Gov.  Robie  and  staff.  Mayor 
Henry  L.  Gregg,  of  Hudson,  New  York;  Hon.  I.  Allen 
Jack,  Deputy  Mayor  of  St.  John;  Judge  Henry  Carter, 
of  Haverhill;  Rev.  Samuel  Longfellow,  of  Cambridge; 
Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Hill;  Dr.  A.  C.  Hamlin,  Bangor;  Rev. 
Dr.  Cyrus  Hamlin,  formerly  president  of  American 
College  at  Constantinople ;  ex-Postmaster  General 
Horatio  G.  King,  Washington;  Rev.  Dr.  E.  C.  Bolles, 
Salem;  Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg,  Harpswell;  Prof.  Henry 
L.  Chapman,  Bowdoin  College;  ex-Mayor  M.  F.  King, 
18 


274  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Hon.  Bion  Bradbury,  Col.  A.  W.  Bradbury,  Rev.  Dr. 
Chickering,  Mass.;  General  George  L.  Beal,  Norway; 
Rev.  Hugh  S.  Carpenter,  Brooklyn;  Hon.  Charles 
McLaughlin,  George  S.  Hunt,  H.  W.  Hersey,  Geo.  C. 
Burgess,  Rev.  Henry  Blanchard,  Gen.  Horatio  C.  King, 
New  York;  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Fenn,  O.  B.  Whitten, 
Brow^n  Thurston,  Hon.  Jacob  McLellan,  Chas.  S.  Fobes, 
J.  S.  Winslow,  Rev.  Mr.  Crosley  and  others. 

After  they  were  seated,  Chandler  played  Catlin's 
American  overture  in  an  effective  and  pleasing  manner. 
The  American  hymn  was  then  sung  by  the  Haydn 
Association,  Mr.  Hermann  Kotzschmar,  conductor. 
The  chorus  was  seated  in  the  rear  gallery,  and  the  effect 
all  over  the  hall  was  excellent. 

THE  AMERICAN  HYMN. 

Speed  our  Republic  O  Father  on  high  ! 
Lead  us  in  pathways  of  justice  and  right ; 
Rulers,  as  well  as  the  ruled,  '  one  and  all,' 
Girt  thou  with  virtue  the  armor  of  might  ! 
Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag! 
Rulers,  as  well  as  the  ruled,  '  one  and  all,' 
Girt  thou  with  virtue  the  armor  of  might. 
Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag. 

Foremost  in  battle  for  freedom  to  stand. 
We  rush  to  arms  when  aroused  by  its  call ; 
Still  as  of  yore,  when  George  Washington  led. 
Thunders  our  war  cry,  we  conquer  or  fall ! 
Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag  ! 
Still  as  of  yore,  when  George  Washington  led. 
Thunders  our  war  cry,  we  conquer  or  fall ! 
Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag  ! 

Faithful  and  honest  to  friend  and  to  foe, 

Willing  to  die  in  humanity's  cause, 

Thus  we  defy  all  tyrannical  pow'r, 

While  we  contend  for  our  Union  and  laws  ! 

Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag  ! 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  275 

Thus  we  defy  all  tyrannical  pow'r. 

While  we  contend  for  our  Union  and  laws. 

Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag  ! 

Rise  up  proud  eagle,  rise  up  to  the  clouds  ! 
Spread  thy  broad  wings  o'er  this  fair  western  world! 
Fling  from  thy  beak  our  dear  banner  of  old  — 
Show  that  it  still  is  for  Freedom  unfurled ! 
Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag ! 
Fling  from  thy  beak  our  dear  banner  of  old  ! 
Show  that  it  still  is  for  freedom  unfurled. 
Hail,  three  times  hail  to  our  country  and  flag  ! 

Prayer  was  then  offered  by  the  Rev.  Leavitt  H. 
Hallock,  of  the  Williston  church,  Portland.  The  Star 
Spangled  Banner  was  then  sung  by  the  Haydn  Associa- 
tion with  great  effect. 

THE  STAR  SPAXGLED  BANNER. 

O  say,  can  you  see  by  the  dawn's  early  light. 

What  so  proudly  we  hailed  at  the  twilight's  last  gleaming; 
Whose  broad  stripes  and  bright  stars  through  the  perilous  fight, 

O'er  the  ramparts  we  watched  were  so  gallantly  streaming. 
And  the  rockets  red  glare,  the  bombs  bursting  in  air. 

Gave  proof  thro'  the  night  that  our  Flag  was  still  there ; 
O  say,  does  that  star  spangled  banner  yet  wave, 

O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave  ? 

Chorus —  O  say  does  the  star  spangled  banner  yet  wave. 

O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave  ? 

And  war's  clamors  o'er,  with  her  mantle  hath  peace. 

Once  again,  in  its  folds,  the  nation  enshrouded; 
Let  no  fratricide  hand,  uplifted  e'er  be 

The  glory  to  dim  which  now  is  unclouded  : 
A'ot  as  jVort/i  or  as  South  in  tlic  future  locUl  stand, 

But  as  brothers  united  throui^hout  our  broad  land. 
And  the  star  s])angled  banner  forever  shall  wave. 

O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave. — Cho. 

O  thus  be  it  ever  when  freemen  shall  stand 

Between  their  loved  homes  and  the  war's  desolation ; 

Blest  with  vict'ry  and  peace,  may  the  heaven-rescued  land 
Praise  the  pow'r  that  has  made  and  preserved  us  a  nation. 


276  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Then  conquer  we  must,  when  our  cause  it  is  just, 

And  this  be  our  motto  —  "In  God  is  our  trust," 
And  the  star  spangled  banner  m  triumph  shall  wave, 

O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  brave. — Cho. 

Mayor  Chapman  then  dehvered  the  following  address 
of  welcome  to  the  sons  and  dausfhters  of  Portland: 

o 

MAYOR  chapman's  ADDRESS. 

Ladies  and  Gentle7nen :  —  A  century,  in  many  respects  the  most 
important  in  recorded  history,  has  elapsed  since  Portland  was  incor- 
porated as  a  town.  The  genius  of  that  century,  as  applied  to  our 
own  country,  has  been  material  and  moral  development,  toward 
which  our  city  has  largely  contributed.  As  if  to  presage  the  popular 
spirit  which  should  always  imbue  her  people,  it  is  significant  that 
Portland's  birthday  occurred  upon  the  anniversary  of  our  national 
independence.  Most  certainly  has  the  inspiration  of  that  day 
manifested  itself  in  many  heroic  incidents  in  our  inilitary  and  naval 
history ;  but  not  alone  here,  as  true  patriotism  lies  everywhere  along 
the  line  of  national  well-being,  which,  we  are  proud  to  say,  has  ever 
been  an  object  of  loyal  devotion  among  Portland's  sons  and 
daughters.  For,  embracing  in  their  number,  distinguished  statesmen, 
authors,  poets,  jurists,  divines,  men  eminent  in  every  walk  of  life, 
and  others,  though  less  widely  known  yet  not  less  worthy,  tell  me,  in 
what  city,  town  or  community  in  this  wide  land  has  not  been  felt  the 
beneficent  power  of  some  son,  or  the  elevating  influence  of  some 
daughter  of  Portland? 

On  this  glad  day,  it  becomes  my  pleasant  duty  in  behalf  of  the 
city,  to  welcome  to  the  homes  of  their  childhood,  many  of  these 
returning  sons  and  daughters ;  and,  also,  to  the  associations  of 
former  years,  many  others  who,  "though  not  born  on  the  homestead, 
yet  by  long  residence  became  a  part  of  the  family." 

"  All,  whose  wandering  feet  retrace  to-day 
The  path  that  led  you  from  these  scenes  away, 
Within  whose  breast,  wherever  you  may  roam, 
The  faith  still  lives,  which  points  to  childhood's  home, 
We  bid  you,  hail !  " 
We  welcome  you  to  our  hearts  and  homes,  to  which  you  are  bound 
by    many  endearing  ties.     We  welcome  you  to  the  full  freedom  of 
our  city,  whose  honor  you  have  always  promoted,  and  held  in  most 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


277 


sacred  keeping.  While  we  cannot  show  you  that  evidence  of  rapid 
municipal  growth  to  which  many  of  you  are  accustomed  in  your 
adopted  homes,  yet  do  not  familiar  places  possess  a  tenderer  interest, 
and  wear  an  old-time  charm,  because  change  has  not  obliterated 
their  wonted  appearance  ?  It  is  our  hope  that  such  will  prove  your 
experience,  and  that  many  pleasant  reminiscences  of  bygone  years 
will  be  awakened  as  you  meet  once  more  with  the  friends  of  earlier 
days, — as  you  revisit  familiar  spots, — and  as  you  behold  again  the  oft- 
coveted  sight  of  the  ever-constant  ocean,  and  enjoy  a  hospitable  sail 
among  the  picturesque  islands  of  Casco  Bay.  May  your  stay  with 
us  be  prolonged,  and  when  at  length  you  take  your  departure,  our 
fondest  hopes  will  have  been  realized,  if  you  bear  away  with  you 
happy  memories  of  this  occasion,  fresh  life  and  courage  for  future 
undertakings,  and  renewed  love  and  loyalty  for  dear  old  Portland. 

The    Haydn    Association    then  sang  the  Centennial 
Ode,  written  by  Mrs.  Cavazza,  which  was  as  follows: 

CENTENNIAL    ODE. 

Written  for  music  by  Aida. —  Verdi. 


Praise  to  the  City  by  the  Sea  I 

Gather  her  children  round  her: 

The  golden  years  have  crowned  her 

Queen  of  a  century. 

Within  her  ancient  oak-wood 

The  summer  wind  rejoices, 

The  trees  lift  up  their  voices, 

No  light  blown  leaf  is  still . 

Where  oft,  in  youth,  a  poet 

Went  dreamily  delaying, 

With  long,  long  thoughts,  and  straying 

Boylike  and  windlike,  at  will. 

Throned  on  her  headlands  in  majesty 

The  city  beholds  the  ocean, 

That  moves  in  tireless  motion 

About  her  many  isles. 

Ocean  immense  !  Here  at  our  gate 
Gather  thy  waves  in  armor  bright : 
Strong,  uncontrolled  as  power  of  fate. 
Who  may  withstand  the  waters'  might? 
Come  not,  O  Sea,  in  all  thy  wrath, 
Loose  not  thy  wind  upon  its  path, 
Make  not  thy  deeps  hollow  for  graves; 
•  O  Sea,  be  kind — restrain  thy  waves. 


Fire  left  her  places  desolate 
Furious,  not  having  pity; 
Yet,  undismayed,  our  city 
Lifts  up  her  head  and  smiles. 
And  as  the  bird  of  fable 
Is  burned  with  myrrh  and  spices. 
And  presently  arises 
More  radiant  from  the  pyre  — 
From  flame  and  smoke  and  ashes 
Our  city  came  victorious. 
Renewed  and  still  more  glorious. 
After  the  wasting  fire. 
Welcome  another  new  century  ! 
The  suns  as  they  circle  above  her 
Increase  the  praises  of  her, 
Our  City  by  the  Sea  ! 


y' 


278  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

The  Mayor  then  addressed  the  audience  as  follows: 

Among  the  distinguished  sons  of  Portland,  there  is  one  who  is  pre- 
eminent in  the  council  of  the  nation.  It  is  our  rare  good  fortune 
that  he  is  the  orator  of  the  day. 

I  have  the  pleasure  of  presenting  Hon.  Thomas  B.  Reed. 


HON.  T.   B.  REED  S  ORATION. 

Whoever  stands,  on  a  clear  summer  day,  on  the  verandah  at 
Cushing's  Island  and  looks  across  the  harbor,  will  find  his  eye 
restii^g  upon  a  scene  which  for  loveliness  and  varied  beauty  has  no 
superior,  and  perhaps  no  parallel  anywhere  on  the  broad  earth. 
The  long  slope  of  grassy  verdure  varied  by  the  darker  foliage  of  the 
trees  spreads  wide  to  the  water's  edge.  Then  begins  the  bright 
sparkle  of  the  summer  sea,  that  many  twinkling  smile  of  ocean,  that 
countless  laughter  of  the  waves  which  has  lighted  up  the  heart  of 
man  centuries  since  Eschylus  died,  and  centuries  before  he  lived. 
Across  the  sunlit  waters,  dotted  with  the  white  sails  or  seamed  with 
the  bubbling  foam  of  the  steamer's  track,  past  the  wharves,  bristling 
with  masts  and  noisy  with  commerce,  the  gaze  falls  upon  the  houses 
sloping  gently  upward  in  the  centre  and  becoming  more  and  more 
embowered  in  trees  as  they  climb  the  hills  at  either  end.  Following 
the  tall  spires  the  eye  loses  itself  in  the  bright  blue  sky  above. 
On  the  right  are  the  roadsteads  and  the  islands  stretching  out  of 
sight.  On  the  left  are  Fore  River,  the  forests,  the  Cape  and  the 
boundless  ocean,  and  altogether  a  scene  which  mingles  all  that  is 
best  and  bright  of  sea  and  shore.  If  you  shut  your  eyes  and  let  the 
lofty  spires  disappear,  the  happy  homes  glisten  out  of  sight,  and  the 
wharves  give  place  to  a  curving  line  of  shelving,  pebbly  beach;  if 
you  imagine  the  bright  water  un vexed  by  traffic,  the  tall  peninsula 
covered  with  forests  and  bushy  swamps,  with  the  same  varied  expanse 
of  island  and  of  sea,  and  the  whole  scene  undisturbed  by  any  sound 
save  the  clanging  cries  of  innumerable  birds  and  water  fowl,  you  will 
be  looking  upon  Machigonne  as  it  appeared  to  George  Cleeve  in  the 
year  1632,  when  he  landed,  not  knowing  what  a  beautiful  city  he  was 
to  found,  and  never  dreaming  that  at  this  distant  day  his  name 
would  be  honored  by  so  many  people  on  the  very  scene  of  his  varied 
struggles,  his  alternate  victories  and  defeats.     Where  George  Cleeve 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  279 

was  born,  where  he  lived  before  he  came  from  England  or  where  his 
bones  now  rest  no  one  of  his  unnumbered  descendants  knows  today. 
His  labors  have  been  over  more  than  two  hundred  years.  He  was 
a  strong,  vigorous  man,  full  of  expedients,  bold  of  speech, — "rash," 
they  called  it  in  those  days  when  they  used  to  fine  men  for  expressing 
opinions — tenacious,  and  with  an  amplitude  of  resource  which  strikes 
with  wonder  whoever  considers  his  straightened  circumstances  and 
the  results  he  brought  about  against  powerful  and  persistent  foes.  In 
the  whole  of  his  long  life  of  struggle  and  contention  his  enemies 
were  never  victorious  except  in  his  extreme  old  age. 

He  first  came  to  this  country  in  1630,  and  built  a  house  at  Spur- 
wink,  from  which  he  was  driven  by  Trelawney's  agent,  John  Winter, 
who  being  also  a  masterful  man,  became  his  life-long  enemy.  In  the 
year  1632,  Cleeve,  with  his  wife  Joan,  his  daughter  Elizabeth  and  his 
partner,  Richard  Tucker,  landed  at  the  cove  which  is  now  covered 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  grounds  and  which  then  received  the  little 
creek,  on  the  bank  of  which  he  built  the  first  house  on  the  Neck. 
This  first  house  was  near  where  the  foot  of  Hancock  street  corners 
on  Fore  street.  There  for  four  years  he  tilled  the  land  he  cleared, 
traded  and,  we  may  hope,  got  some  small  gain.  Finding  his  title 
disputed  by  his  old  enemy  he  took  the  resolution  to  go  to  England, 
and  found  himself  there  in  1636.  In  England,  by  his  "excellent 
address  and  commanding  ability,"  he,  an  Independent  in  religion,  at 
a  time  when  Laud  was  in  full  possession  of  his  greatest  power,  pro- 
cured from  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  brought  back  with  him,  not 
only  a  deed  for  the  whole  Neck  from  Fore  River  to  the  Presumpscot, 
but  also  a  plan  for  a  united  government  of  New  England,  which,  had  it 
been  adopted  and  succeeded,  might  have  made  him  a  name  as  widely 
known  as  Winthrop's,  and  might  have  made  Massachusetts  greater 
today  by  the  whole  of  New  Hampshire  and  of  Maine.  But 
Winthrop,  though  cognizant  of  the  magnanimity  and  fairness  of 
Cleeve  toward  himself,  rejected  the  plan,  feeling  that  firm  faith  in 
his  own  charter  which  subsequent  events  justified.  The  fates  were 
wiser  than  the  designs  of  Cleeve,  and  in  the  result  the  Province  of 
Maine  belonging  to  Massachusetts,  has  become  the  State  of  Maine 
belonging  to  itself.  Armed  with  his  deed,  we  might  have  expected 
that  George  Cleeve  would  now  trade  and  plant  and  traffic  in  peace. 
But  peace  is  not  the  characteristic  of  a  new  settlement.      Emigration 


280  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

means  vigor,  and  vigor  likes  to  have  its  own  way.  Our  ancestors  in 
New  England  did  not  do  as  they  do  beyond  the  Mississippi,  start  a 
graveyard  when  they  started  a  town.  They  went  to  law  instead,  a 
process  which,  while  it  may  be  as  afiflictive  in  its  results  as  the  West- 
ern method,  has  the  abounding  merit  of  encouraging  a  deserving 
profession,  and  of  not  being  so  sudden.  Cleeve's  law-suits  about  his 
title  he  won  twice  over.  But  winning  them  twice  over  was  not 
enough. 

In  those  days  the  strong  man  kept  his  house  until  a  stronger  came 
and  took  it  away.  Evidence  is  plentiful  that  a  powerful  conspiracy 
well  calculated  to  be  successful  in  the  end,  had  been  formed  against 
the  owner  of  the  Neck.  But  his  enemies  belonged  to  the  Royalist 
party,  and  while  their  combination  was  forming  against-him  the  news 
came  in  1642  that  their  friends  over  the  water  had  met  with  disaster, 
and  that  Oliver  Cromwell  had  appeared  victorious  on  the  scene. 
Cleeve,  with  that  wise  promptness  to  seize  an  advantage  which  was 
not  the  least  of  his  characteristics,  immediately  crossed  the  Atlantic. 
He  found  his  enemies  on  that  side  of  the  water,  the  backers  of  his 
enemies  at  home,  dispersed  and  overthrown.  He  immediately  set 
to  work,  and  in  a  short  time  had  induced  Sir  Alexander  Rigby,  a 
powerful  member  of  Parliament,  to  purchase  the  Lygonia  patent, 
which  covered  an  area  of  forty  miles  square,  stretching  on  the  sea- 
coast  from  Cape  Porpoise  "to  Merrymeeting  Bay,  and  back  into  the 
country  to  a  line  which  crossed  the  head  of  Long  Pond.  Of  this 
territory  Rigby  appointed  Cleeve  the  deputy  president.  Knowing 
that  his  foes  at  home  from  whose  machinations  this  happy  turn  in 
English  affairs  had  enabled  him  to  escape,  were  entrenched  behind 
their  de  facto  rights,  and  in  that  far-off  country  were  not  likely  to 
yield  their  power  without  a  struggle,  he  petitioned  Parliament  and 
obtained  from  it  a  commission  to  examine  into  charges  of  misgovern- 
ment  which  he  filed  against  them.  He  then  returned  home  and  met 
the  opposition  his  foresight  had  anticipated.  For  the  next  three 
years,  marked  on  his  part  by  a  course  of  conduct  remarkably 
judicious,  especially  when  his  earnest  and  headstrong  nature  is  con- 
sidered, his  authority  was  successfully  resisted;  but  in  1646  the 
Commissioners  of  Foreign  Plantations  decided  in  his  favor,  and 
George  Cleeve  took  his  rightful  position  as  a  recognized  leader 
among  men.     From  that  time  until  the  death  of  Alexander  Rigby  in 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  2Sl 

1650  the  Province  of  Lygonia,  and  especially  the  Neck,  enjoyed 
peace  and  prosperity,  while  all  around  was  discontent  and  misgovern- 
ment.  These  four  years  were  the  great  days  of  George  Cleeve.  He 
was  the  first  citizen  of  a  prosperous  community  created  by  his  own 
energy,  vigor,  and  persistence.  His  enemies  were  subdued,  his  title 
seemed  at  rest  and  his  authority  was  everywhere  recognized.  Shortly 
after  Rigby's  death,  however,  the  tide  began  to  turn.  From  that 
time  until  his  death  everything  at  home  and  abroad  set  against  him. 
Not  only  his  old  enemies  reappeared  with  the  young  and  vigorous 
Jordan  in  place  of  John  Winter  who  had  died,  but  the  great  Province 
of  Massachusetts  Bay  began  to  assert  over  Lygonia  rights  which  had 
lain  in  abeyance  for  so  many  years.  Against  all  this  sea  of  troubles 
Cleeve,  in  his  old  age,  but  with  his  old  courage,  took  up  arms,  bating 
not  one  jot  of  heart  or  hope.  For  seven  years  he  kept  up  the 
unequal  conflict  at  home  and  abroad,  but  was  obliged  in  1658  to 
yield  to  the  claims  of  Massachusetts.  From  that  time  he  was  a 
loyal  citizen  of  that  province,  though  justice  was  denied  him  to  the 
last.  Before  his  death,  which  happened  perhaps  in  1666,  his  per- 
sonal fortunes  appear  to  have  come  to  a  low  ebb,  though  that  idea 
seems  hardly  compatible  with  the  offices  to  which  he  continued  to  be 
chosen.  But  though  old  and  beaten  and  poor,  his  generous  and  un- 
conquerable spirit  still  survived ;  for  within  two  years  of  his  death 
he  was  bound  over  to  keep  the  peace  with  those  who  persecuted, 
after  the  fashion  of  those  strict  old  times,  an  old  servant  of  his 
better  days. 

The  history  of  the  first  thirty  years  of  Portland  shows  how  close 
the  world  is  bound  together.  In  all  its  fluctuations  that  history  was 
closely  responsive  to  the  great  events  which  marked  those  years  in 
England.  The  bays  and  harbors  and  estuaries  of  the  sea  have  each 
their  own  little  waves,  but  the  great  lift  of  the  tide  comes  only  from 
the  broad  waters  of  the  ocean  itself.  The  battle  of  Xasby,  which 
made  Oliver  Cromwell  Lord  Protector  of  the  great  commonwealth  of 
England,  made  George  Cleeve  the  Governor  of  the  little  Province  of 
Lygonia,  and  by  one  of  those  singular  apparent  inconsequences  of 
which  history  is  full,  the  approach  of  the  days  of  Charles  IL  over- 
threw his  short-lived  supremacy  and  broadened  the  boundaries  of 
•Puritan  Massachusetts. 

At  the  death  of  Cleeve  there  could  not  have  been  many  persons  on 


282  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

the  Neck,  which  was  the  popular  name  for  what  is  now  the  city  of 
Portland,  Out  of  the  forty  families  which,  in  1675,  lived  in  the  town 
of  Falmouth,  which  then  extended  from  Spurwink  to  Clapboard 
Island,  running  back  eight  miles,  only  five  or  six  lived  on  the  Neck. 
The  year  1675  was  the  year  of  the  first  Indian  war.  In  the  attacks 
on  Falmouth  which  the  savages  made  that  year  the  whole  town  was 
rendered  desolate.  Thirty-two  people  at  one  attack  were  killed  and 
carried  into  captivity.  The  minister,  George  Burroughs,  who  was 
afterwards  executed  at  Salem  for  witchcraft,  took  refuge  with  ten 
men,  six  women  and  sixteen  children  on  Cushing's  Island,  and  was 
not  rescued  until  ten  days  after.  He  was  reserved  for  a  sadder 
fate. 

Two  years  elapsed  before  the  people  returned  to  their  ruined 
homes,  but  this  disaster  was  only  the  precursor  of  a  greater  devas- 
tation. During  the  next  ten  years  Falmouth  grew  apace.  Seven 
hundred  people  found  homes  within  its  limits,  and  one  hundred  and 
ttwenty-five  populated  the  Neck.  But  the  signs  of  a  new  Indian  war 
began  to  show  themselves  from  many  directions.  Baron  Castine, 
exasperated  by  the  sacking  of  his  house  at  Bagaduce,  had  in  1688 
captured  the  fort  at  Pemaquid  and  the  next  year  a  large  expedition 
was  fitted  out  against  Falmouth  and  Fort  Loyall,  which  had  been 
built  on  the  Neck  after  the  war  of  1675.  The  fortunate  arrival  of 
Major  Church  the  very  night  before  the  attack,  saved  the  town  after 
a  fight  in  which  the  enemy  were  routed  and  driven  away.  But  the 
respite  was  of  short  duration.  The  next  year  the  country,  deserted 
by  Massachusetts,  was  overwhelmed  by  an  incursion  of  French  and 
Indians,  and  for  two  years  there  was  not  a  white  man  east  of  the 
town  of  Wells.  So  utterly  paralyzing  was  this  last  blow  that  the 
bodies  even  of  the  brave  defenders  of  our  town  lay  unburied  under 
the  summer  suns  and  the  wirrter  snows  until  Major  Church  performed 
the  last  sad  duty  for  the  bones  of  those  of  whose  blood  he  was 
certainly  guiltless.  Had  he  been  able  after  the  fight  on  Brackett's 
farm  to  rouse  the  people  of  Massachusetts  to  their  duty,  the  terrible 
calamity  might  never  have  happened.  For  twenty-six  years,  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  almost  the  lifetime  of  a  generation, 
what  is  now  the  city  of  Portland,  was  deserted.  The  ruins  of  Fort 
Loyall  stood  in  the  midst  of  a  wilderness.  The  homes  had  disap- 
peared.    The  prosperous  traffic  had   departed.     But   after  the  Peace 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  283 

of  Utrecht,  one  after  another  of  the  old  inhabitants  or  their 
descendants,  with  new  blood  from  the  adjoining  country,  came  back 
and  took  up  the  line  of  progress  and  growth  which  has  never  since 
been  broken.  From  that  time  until  Mowatt  burned  the  town  in  1775, 
our  people  no  longer  suffered  aggression  but  became  themselves  the 
aggressors.  In  17 16  one  Ingersoll  built  a  hut  on  the  Neck  and  lived 
there.  He  was  called,  therefore.  Governor  Ingersoll,  and  probably 
was  the  only  governor  there  ever  was  in  Maine  who  was  entirely 
satisfactory  to  the  better  element  of  his  party.  Next  year  there 
came  two  others,  Major  Moody  and  Captain  Larrabee.  In  17 18, 
there  were  fourteen  families,  and  in  1725  came  Parson  Smith,  who 
found  twenty-seven  families,  perhaps  a  hundred  and  fifty  people. 
In  1749,  there  were  seven  hundred,  and  ten  years  afterward  a 
thousand.  In  1764,  the  census  gave  three  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  seventy  for  the  whole  town  of  Falmouth,  which  perhaps  would 
imply  eleven  or  twelve  hundred  for  the  Neck.  When  the  town  was 
organized,  just  a  hundred  years  ago,  there  must  have  been  about  two 
thousand  people.  It  is  the  life  and  times  of  those  two  thousand 
people,  and  our  happy  deliverance,  by  the  power  of  advancing 
civilization,  from  most  of  their  troubles  and  sorrows,  their  habits, 
customs  and  ways  of  living,  that  we  celebrate  today.  I  trust  that 
whoever  takes  my  place  a  hundred  years  from  now,  may  have  as 
great  an  advance  to  chronicle  in  the  happiness  and  comfort  of  all  the 
people. 

The  miracle  which  a  hundred  years  has  wrought  in  the  United 
States  of  America  is  beyond  the  pen  of  the  historian  and  beyond  the 
eloquence  of  the  orator.  Before  such  a  wonder  the  pen  moves  in 
vain  and  the  voice  is  uplifted  to  a  task  beyond  its  power.  Maps 
made  a  hundred  years  ago  show  only  a  narrow  line  of  settlement 
along  the  Atlantic  coast  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  New  Orleans, 
while  almost  all  beyond  the  Alleghanies  is  depicted  like  the  un- 
known Central  Africa  before  Livingstone  entered  on  his  voyages  of 
discovery.  Then  no  human  skill  or  power  could  have  guided  any 
white  man  across  that  unknown  waste  which  stretched  from  New 
York  to  the  bay  of  San  Francisco.  No  brave  man  then  lived  who 
was  rash  enough  to  dream  of  undertaking  the  journey.  Today,  in  a 
moving  palace  of  luxury,  across  bridges  over  mighty  rivers,  in  tunnels 
through  great  hills,  or  climbing  their  mighty  inclines,  a  mother  sur- 


284  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION, 

rounded  by  her  children  may  from  Sunday  to  Sunday  span  the  whole 
distance  between  the  two  great  oceans.  Then  the  journey  from 
Boston  to  New  York  cost  the  physical  price  of  four  days,  with  sixty- 
five  frightful  hours  of  discomfort,  beginning  at  3  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing and  ending  at  nightfall;  while  today  five  hours  of  comfort  and 
repose  quits  us  of  the  distance.  It  took  nine  days  by  post  for  the 
news  of  the  capture  of  Burgoyne  to  come  to  Portland,  while  the  fall 
of  Sedan  was  known  the  next  morning,  and  the  bombardment  of 
Alexandria  was  in  the  evening  papers.  We  can  girdle  the  world 
today  in  a  minute.  A  hundred  years  ago  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  had  not  been  adopted.  We  were  not  even  a  nation.  A 
hundred  years  ago  Benjamin  Franklin  was  yet  alive  at  the  ripe  age  of 
eighty  years.  George  Washington  had  thirteen  years  of  life  to  live, 
and  the  whole  career  of  Napoleon  had  yet  to  unfold  itself  to  the 
astonished  world.  But  not  for  me  are  any  of  these  inspiring  themes. 
My  humble  talk  deals  only  with  a  little  corner  of  the  great  world  ;  but 
a  little  corner  which  is  very  dear  to  us  here  assembled,  because  it  is 
beautiful  and  we  love  it,  and  it  is  our  home. 

A  hundred  years  ago  habitable  Portland  was  bounded  by  Pligh* 
street,  I  might  almost  say  by  Centre  street  and  India,  by  the  harbor  and 
Congress  street.  Within  that  little  parallelogram  were  almost  all  the 
houses  left  by  Mowatt,  with  those  rebuilt  since  the  devastation  made 
by  his  fleet  eleven  years  before.  Of  the  fifteen  wharves  which  thea 
pushed  a  little  way  into  the  harbor,  not  one  has  preserved  its  name 
or  its  identity.  The  first  five  at  the  east  are  included  in  the  Grand 
Trunk  grounds,  and  all  the  rest  must  be  substantially  covered  by 
Commercial  street  and  its  improvements.  Munj.oy  hill  had  still  its 
original  pine  growth,  while  Bramhall  hill  was  covered  with  scrub  oak, 
which  were  called  Vaughan's  woods.  The  swamp  extended  down  to 
Winter  street,  and  there  was  a  big  swamp  in  front  of  the  Advertiser 
office,  south  of  Federal  street,  drained  by  a  brook  which  discharged 
itself  at  the  foot  of  Exchange  street.  The  houses  of  the  poor  were 
of  but  one-story,  with  a  long,  sloping  roof.  A  great  chimney  in  the 
centre  gave  two  rooms  on  two  sides,  with  fire-places,  and  a  bed-room 
and  entry  on  the  other  sides.  The  front  room  had  a  painted  floor, 
with  a  few  painted  wooden  chairs,  a  table  for  the  Bible  and  psalm 
book.  A  few  shells  were  on  the  mantel,  the  family  register,  and 
perhaps  a  few  rude  pictures  on  the  wall.     From  this  room,  sacred  to 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  285 

"  company  "  and  to  solemn  occasions,  the  light  of  day  was  religiously 
excluded;  board  shutters  took  the  place  of  curtains.  The  family 
did  not  live  there.  It  was  too  good  for  them.  They  lived  in  the 
kitchen,  amid  the  steam  of  cookery,  the  horrors  of  washing-day,  and 
the  smoke  of  refractory  chimneys.  The  sides  of  this  room  were 
wainscotted  in  pine,  four  feet  high,  and  the  rest  of  the  walls  were  of 
coarse  plaster.  The  ceiling  was  also  made  low,  for  heat  was  not  to 
be  wasted.  If  the  frame  would  have  made  it  too  high,  the  split 
boards  on  which  the  plaster  was  stuck  were  lowered  by  studs  to 
lessen  the  space,  which  had  to  be  warmed.  The  ceiling  was  soon 
begrimed  with  the  smoke  of  the  fire,  and  variegated  by  the  steam  of 
washing-day.  The  heads  of  the  family  had  chairs,  but  blocks  of 
wood  were  good  enough  for  children.  Candles,  in  iron  candle-sticks, 
gave  all  the  light  which  eked  out  the  day.  Japanned  lamps  for  oil 
were  for  the  front  room  and  for  visitors.  On  the  dresser,  a  ladder  of 
shelves  hung  against  the  wall,  were  displayed  treasures  of  tin  and 
pewter.  In  a  chest  was  the  crockery  which  adorned  the  state 
occasions. 

The  garret  was  unplastered,  each  rafter  and  board,  with  the 
chimney  itself,  had  an  individuality,  from  which  no  cunning  device 
detracted.  The  architectural  lamp  of  truth  shone  over  the  whole 
structure.  The  family  clothing  hung  from  nails  wherever  convenient, 
and  in  the  garret  were  the  family  beds.  Sometimes  a  rough  board 
partition  divided  the  garret,  but  this  was  rare.  If  there  was  a  cellar 
there  was  no  window  to  give  light,  and  the  sides  had  to  be  banked 
up  in  the  winter  with  turf  or  pine  boughs  to  make  the  cold  blasts 
endurable.  The  houses  of  the  rich  had  two  stories,  with  four  rooms 
on  the  first  floor  and  four  chambers  on  the  second,  w-ith  sometimes  a 
porch,  wherein  to  do  the  cooking.  These  houses  had  good  cellars. 
The  chimneys  rested  on  arches,  and  the  spaces  under  the  arches 
were  utilized  for  jam  and  preserves  and  such  like  delights.  There 
were  other  houses,  very  few  in  number,  perhaps  not  more  than  two 
or  three,  built  within  a  year  or  two,  which  were  still  finer.  The  first 
brick  house,  the  Longfellow  house,  had  just  been  finished.  Out  of 
doors  the  contrast  with  the  present  day  was  still  more  marked.  We 
were  not  within  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  brick  sidewalks.  Perhaps 
there  were  a  few  flagstones  in  front  of  the  dwellings  of  the  rich, 
though  Boston  eight  years  later  had  none,  and  there   may  have  been 


286 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


some  board  walks  but  the  people  must  have  got  about  for  the  most 
part  on  trodden  paths.  Fancy  the  early  spring  time  and  the  mud 
puddles;  and  the  affectionate  mud  which  stuck  to  you  closer  than  a 
brother !  At  night  there  were  no  lights  out  of  doors.  If  you 
wanted  such  a  comfort  you  carried  it  yourself.  It  was  not  until  1810 
that  the  town  ventured  upon  the  unexampled  luxury  of  furnishing  oil 
for  forty  lamps  which  were  subscribed  for  by  the  inhabitants,  and 
then  the  fire  wards  in  solemn  assembly  thought  these  lamps  would 
need  to  be  lighted  only  a  hundred  nights  in  a  year.  But  a  hundred 
years  ago  street  lamps  were  not  necessary.  There  were  no 
amusements.  There  was  not  even  a  fire  engine  for  the  boys  to  run 
with.  There  was  no  theatre.  Even  twenty  years  after  the  town 
solemnly  reprobated  the  designs  of  certain  evil  minded  persons  who 
contemplated  a  play  house,  and  the  legislature  was  to  be  asked  to 
prohibit  its  erection.  There  were  no  hacks.  Not  a  ship  was  owned 
in  town.  There  was  no  lighthouse  on  Portland  Head,  and  there 
were  only  sixty-eight  arrivals  and  eighty  clearances  that  year.  The 
first  bank  had  yet  to  be  incorporated  thirteen  years  afterwards. 
Four  or  five  letters  came  into  town  every  week  and  as  many  went 
out.  The  roads  were  so  bad  that  the  mail  was  sometimes  delayed 
over  a  month.  It  took  five  or  six  days  to  get  to  Boston.  "Now," 
says  Willis,  in  1833,  with  commendable  pride,  "now  the  mail  is 
dispatched  every  day,  performing  the  distance  in  sixteen  or  seventeen 
hours,"  little  dreaming  that  we  should  reduce  the  time  to  three  hours 
and  a  half.  My  successor,  if  the  world  has  luck,  will  state  it  in 
minutes  or  perhaps  in  seconds.  We  had  one  newspaper,  published 
once  a  week  on  a  half  sheet.  People  who  did  not  go  on  foot  went 
on  horseback.  Even  if  a  man  owned  a  chaise  he  was  careful  about 
taking  it  out. 

There  was  only  one  church,  which  stood  where  the  First  Parish 
now  stands,  but  was  broadside  to  the  street.  Sunday  must  have 
been  a  hard  day  to  get  through.  There  were  no  fires  in  the  church. 
In  the  coldest  winter  it  was  unheated.  Little  foot  stoves  with  glow- 
ing embers  in  them  were  all  that  mitigated  the  most  arctic  severity. 
The  sermons  were  probably  long,  the  prayers  certainly  were.  The 
pews  were  square,  the  partitions  being  nearly  as  tall  as  a  man. 
Everybody  stood  up  at  prayers.  The  seats  were  hinged  so  that  they 
could  be  turned   up  for  convenience   of  leaning.     And  certainly  the 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  287 

lay  Christian  ought  to  have  had  that  convenience.  He  needed  it. 
It  was  a  provision  in  favor  of  life.  When  you  read  this  quaint  entry 
in  Parson  Smith's  Journal,  March  15th,  1740:  "Had  uncommon 
assistance;  was  an  hour  in  each  of  the  first  prayers,"  you  cannot 
repress  the  feeling  inquiry  whether  the  poor  parishioners  also  had 
"  uncommon  assistance."  To  us  in  these  soft  and  degenerate  days 
it  does  really  seem  as  if  poor  unassisted  human  nature  could  not 
have  stood  it. 

The  rich  of  that  day  were  well  dressed  having  wigs  and  three 
cornered  cocked  hats  and  much  affluence  of  style.  Everybody,  rich 
and  poor,  wore  breeches.  Captain  Joseph  Titcomb  —  on  whom  be 
peace  —  first  of  men  wore  pantaloons  in  Portland  in  1790.  Home- 
spun must  have  been  much  worn  and  suspenders  not  at  all.  The 
rich  must  have  been  able  to  fare  sumptuously  every  day  for  there 
was  abundance  of  fish,  flesh  and  fowl  to  be  had  for  money.  The 
poor  could  have  had  very  little  white  bread.  Rye  and  Indian,  with 
corn  bread,  must  have  been  a  large  part  of  their  diet  with  hasty 
pudding  and  molasses.  The  drinking  habits  were  more  than  bad.  It 
was  quite  respectable  to  get  drunk.  The  rich  got  drunk  and  even  the 
clergy  at  ordinations  sometimes  "forgot  decorum,"  Wiiich  is  probably 
the  clerical  name  for  the  same  thing.  It  was  quite  a  point  with  the 
poor  man  of  those  days  to  get  drnnk  on  Saturday  so  that  he  might 
have  Sunday  to  sober  off  in.  Liquors  were  furnished  at  funerals, 
and  there  must  have  been  scandalous  scenes,  for  the  selectmen  in 
1788  "earnestly  recommend"  that  the  custom  cease.  The  dead 
were  carried  to  their  graves  by  bearers.  When  Commodore  Preble 
was  buried  in  1807,  there  was  not  a  carriage  in  the  procession.  Of 
schools  there  was  only  one  in  the  town,  and  thirty  pounds  was  the 
expenditure  for  education  that  year.  Cleanliness  had  not^  been 
reduced  to  a  science  and  vermin  of  one  syllable  were  not  unknown. 
Cotton  was  not  yet  grown  in  the  United  States.  There  were  no 
steam  engines  in  America,  and  no  lucifer  matches  anywhere  on  the 
earth, 

I  have  thus  given  you  a  rough  and  imperfect  picture  (no  one 
knows  better  than  I  how  imperfect  it  is),  of  Portland  and  its  life  a 
hundred  years  ago.  Between  that  day  and  this  you  can  each  for 
yourself  make  the  comparison.  Is  there  one  who  listens  to  me  today 
who  is  not  glad  that  his  lot  has  been  cast  in  the  Portland  of  today 


288  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

rather  than  on  the  Neck  in  1786?  And  yet  you  will  not  go  half 
through  the  next  political  campaign  without  hearing  some  praiser  of 
the  days  gone  by,  on  either  side,  bemoaning  himself  over  the  degen- 
eracy of  our  times.  You  will  hear  the  phrases,  "the  poor  poorer  and 
the  rich  richer,"  rolling  in  rotund  sentences  out  of  those  who  have 
so  long  ceased  to  be  babes  and  sucklings,  that  out  of  their  mouths 
is  perfected  no  praise  of  God.  The  rich  have  grown  richer,  but  so 
have  also  the  poor.  Richer  in  rights  and  privileges ;  richer  in  com- 
forts and  in  happiness.  I  hold  him  to  be  a  heathen  and  a  publican 
who  doubts  that  under  the  law  of  nature,  the  embodiment  of  which 
is  God,  the  progress  of  the  poor  keeps  more  than  equal  pace  with 
the  progress  of  the  rich.  Far  enough  indeed  are  we  from  perfection. 
But  whoever  doubts  progress,  doubts  God.  "Whenever,"  says  the 
president  of  the  great  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  "whenever  w'e  cease 
to  spend  money  on  capital  account  this  road  will  begin  to  die." 
Whenever  agitation  for  progress,  agitation  grounded  on  sound 
reasons,  or  false  o^ies  on  wise  reasons  or  silly  ones,  ceases,  the  race 
will  have  got  ready  to  disappear  from  the  earth. 

Look  around  you  and  see  what  a  hundred  years  in  this  little 
peninsula  has  done  for  the  comfort  of  us  all.  The  streets  and  side- 
walks and  parks  belong  to  rich  and  poor  alike.  In  1786  what  but  an 
errand  of  mercy  or  necessity  would  have  tempted  a  strong  man  to 
struggle  with  the  mud  and  darkness  of  an  April  night  in  the  journey 
from  the  head  of  High  street  to  the  foot  of  India?  In  1886  any  girl 
can  go  at  night  from  Munjoy  to  Bramhall  dry  shod,  lighted  on  her 
cheerful  way  by  the  blaze  of  electric  lamps.  When  I  thus  think  of 
the  progress  of  the  last  century,  and  the  sure  progress  of  the  next,  I 
hope  to  be  forgiven  for  the  deep-seated  envy  with  which  I  regard  the 
happy  Portlander  of   1986. 

I  have  no  design  to  give  you  a  history  of  Portland  today.  That 
history  has  been  written  by  Mr.  Willis  and  Mr.  Goold,  and  its  earlier 
scenes  have  had  full  justice  done  them  by  Mr.  Baxter.  And  why 
should  I  try  to  do  ill  what  they  have  done  so  well  ?  My  only  design, 
by  some  glances  here  and  there,  is  to  show  to  our  people  how  well 
worthy  of  study  is  the  history  of  their  own  city.  Here,  we  lead  our 
prosaic,  every-day  lives,  have  happened  events  as  tragic,  scenes  as 
thrilling  as  ever  adorned  the  stories  of  those  old  world  cities,  for  the 
sight  of  which  we  cross  the  rolling  ocean.     The  quaint  old  letters 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  289 

reveal  love  as  tender  and  true,  courage  as  undaunted  and  steadfast, 
and  patriotism  as  lofty  and  ennobling  as  any  which  have  been 
celebrated  in  story  and  in  song.  Great  deeds  thrill  us  wherever 
done, — great  words  wherever  spoken,  for  human  nature  is  broader 
than  place  and  wider  than  kinship;  but  where  great  deeds  have  been 
done  and  noble  words  spoken  at  our  very  homes,  on  our  very  hearth- 
stones and  by  our  own  kith  and  kin  the  thrill  of  pride  becomes 
more  positive  because  more  personal.  Who  is  there  of  you  who 
hears  me  today  who  does  not  read  with  redoubled  emotion,  born  of 
this  sentiment  of  home  and  kinship,  how  this  town  waited  with 
uneasy  expectation  and  excited  hope  the  issue  of  that  gallant  little 
sea  fight  in  which  the  prowess  of  England  and  the  courage  of 
America  were  measured  against  each  other  by  the  brave  sailors  on 
the  Enterprise  and  the  Boxer?  On  this  spot  can  human  emotion 
ever  cease  to  kindle  when  our  thoughts  rest  on  that  little  procession 
which  conducted  the  dead  captains  to  their  romantic  burial  on  the 
green  hill  side 

"  Which  overlooks  the  tranquil  bay 
Where  they  in  battle  died." 

There  is  but  one  old  world  romance  more  touching  than  this;  that 
these  two  gallant  young  heroes  who  never  met  except  as  foes  should 
lie  side  by  side  like  brothers  through  the  long  night  of  time,  over- 
looking the  scenes  of  their  last  heroic  endeavor. 

What  heart  here  is  not  richer  with  honest  sympathy ;  who  does 
not  feel  a  deeper  human  interest  in  the  great  Commodore  Preble 
when  he  has  read  the  tender,  manly  letter  in  which  he  avows  his  love 
for  the  lady  who  afterwards  bore  his  name.  Love  in  all  ages  is  the 
same,  the  same  sweet  mystery  when  fortune  favors,  the  same  awful 
sorrow,  when  fortune  frowns.  But  Edward  Preble,  the  gallant 
sailor,  the  scourge  of  the  Barbary  pirates,  was  our  hero  and  we  have 
a  personal  interest  in  the  emotions  of  his  heart  as  well  as  in  his 
glory  and  his  fame. 

Who  here  does  not  have  an  individual  delight,  a  personal  satis- 
faction when  he  stumbles  on  that  sturdy  phrase  in  the  old  moldy 
deposition  where  deponent  saith  that  George  Cleeve,  on  being  told 
he  could  have  his  house  and  land  at  Spurwink  if  he  would  attorn  to 
Trelawney,  indignantly  declared  "he  would  be  tennant  to  never  a 
man  in  New  England."  Thus  spoke  the  spirit  of  the  new  continent 
19 


290  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

which  echoes  in  our  hearts  today.  The  vigorous  men  who  had  put 
between  them  and  the  servitudes  and  tenancies  of  the  old  world, 
three  thousand  miles  of  watery  waste,  meant  in  the  new  world  to  be 
the  peers  of  all  others  and  the  servants  of  none. 

There  is  a  little  passage  in  the  old  diary  of  the  great  General 
Knox,  whom  George  Washington  loved,  which  interests  us  more 
than  it  does  all  the  rest  of  the  world.  When  the  brave  General  was 
sent  to  Ticonderoga  to  bring  cannon  for  the  siege  of  Boston,  he 
records  on  the  first  day  of  the  year  1776  that  he  wrote  letters  to 
General  Washington  "and  one  to  my  lovely  Lucy." — That  "lovely 
Lucy,"  dead  now  long  years  ago,  was  the  daughter  of  Hannah 
Waldo,  the  spirited  girl  who,  tired  beyond  endurance,  and  angered 
beyond  repression  at  the  indecision  and  procrastination  of  her  lover, 
refused  in  the  presence  of  all  the  wedding  guests  to  marry  the  only 
son  of  Sir  William  Pepperell,  the  greatest  magnate  there  ever  was  in 
all  New  England.  The  "  lovely  Lucy  "  had  all  her  mother's  temper, 
and  more  than  her  mother's  pride,  and  the  great  general  whose 
artillery  had  been  prevalent  in  many  a  siege  and  on  many  a  field 
was  not  always  master  of  the  stately  mansion  he  built  in  the  wilds  of 
Maine. 

The  town  of  Falmouth  was  twice  destroyed.  Twice  was  it  sacked 
and  left  desolate.  One  scene  in  the  first  destruction,  in  1676,  always 
laid  strong  hold  on  my  imagination.  When  the  savages  swooped  in, 
killed  the  brave  grandson  of  George  Cleeve  and  carried  the  Bracketts 
into  captivity,  George  Burroughs,  the  minister  on  the  Neck,  escaped 
to  Cushing's  Island,  with  ten  men,  six  women  and  sixteen  children. 
On  the  north  slope,  towards  Peak's  Island,  can  perhaps  yet  be  seen 
the  remains  of  the  rough  stone  breast-work,  behind  which  these  poor 
people  awaited  death  or  rescue.  What  a  blessing  it  was  to  George 
Burroughs  that  the  prophetic  vision  so  longed  for  in  the  earlier  ages 
of  the  world  was  not  vouchsafed  to  him.  Over  those  long  nights  of 
vigil  and  those  Aveary  days  of  waiting,  with  the  unpitying  ocean  on 
the  one  side  and  the  merciless  savages  on  the  other,  there  hung  no 
black  foreboding  of  the  shameful  death  on  the  scaffold  to  be  inflicted 
on  him  by  his  fellow  Christians,  more  cruel  in  their  ignorance  than 
the  heathen  in  their  wrath.  Death  by  tomahawk  and  scalping  knife 
he  was  to  escape,  only  to  meet  a  sadder  doom  at  the  hands  of  his 
fellow  Christians.     George  Burroughs  was  executed  for  witchcraft  at 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  291 

Salem,  in  1692.  It  was  a  shameful  death;  but  not  to  him.  He 
died  as  a  brave  man  should,  steadfast,  prayerful  and  high  of  heart. 
Neither  religion  nor  infidelity,  neither  faith  nor  science,  nor  the  wit 
of  man  hath  ever  explained  that  mysterious  way  of  God  so  often 
manifest  in  human  history,  when  the  brave,  upright,  truthful,  manly 
man  is  driven  ignominiously  from  the  world,  leaving  it  with  all  its 
honors  and  delights  to  the  victorious  miscreant,  the  sinuous  schemer 
and  the  crawling  coward.  Yet  in  the  great  cycles  of  the  Almighty 
the  wicked  flourish  only  for  a  season,  while  righteousness  is  like  the 
stars,  forever  and  ever. 

Falmouth  was   destroyed   the  second  time  in  1690;  but  the  year 
before  it  narrowly  escaped  destruction.     In  the  old  orchard,  opposite 
Deering's  Woods,  near  which  the  boys  of  my  day  and  neighborhood 
used  to  spend  many   a  holiday,    unconscious   of  the   tragic  events 
which  marked  its  earlier  history,  was  fought  the  greatest  Indian  fight 
in  the  district  of  Maine.     On  the  17th  of  September,  1689,  there  had 
landed  at  Peak's  Island  two  hundred  savages  who  awaited  until  the 
20th,  a  reinforcement,  which  doubled  their  number.     During  those 
three  days  the  people  could  have  expected  nothing  but  destruction. 
They  were  few  in  number,  utterly  unable  to  cope  with  their  enemies. 
It  must  have  been  a  joyful  sight  to  them,  when  at  three  o'clock  on 
Monday  afternoon,  Major   Benjamin  Church  came  sailing  into  the 
harbor   with   the    longed   for   but   unexpected    reinforcements.     At 
night-fall,    the    Major,    having  carefully  concealed  his  forces  mean- 
while,   drew   close   to    the    shore,    landed    his    soldiers,    made    his 
dispositions,   ordered  himself  called  two  hours  before  daylight  and 
then,  like   a  prudent  man,   went  to  bed.     The   Indians,  during  the 
night  paddled   across    Back   Cove  and    landed    in    the    rear   of    the 
Brackett  farm.     Promptly  the  next  morning  at  half  an  hour  before 
daylight.    Captain    Church,     not   knowing   where    the    enemy    were, 
stationed  a  part  of  his  forces  a  half  a  mile  from  the  town,  probably 
in  Deering's  pasture,  had  them  send  out  scouts,  and  himself  returned 
to  town.     Before  he  could  get  breakfast  an  alarm  called  him  back 
and   he   learned  from   Brackett's   sons  the   position   of  the  enemy. 
Captain    Hall    appears  at  once    to    have    marched    against    the   foe 
crossing  the  creek  above  Deering's  Bridge  and  to  have  been  hotly 
engaged,  while  the  two  other  captains,  remaining  on  the  otlier  side, 
fired    at   the    Indians   over    the   heads    of    Capt.    Hall's    company. 


292  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Church,  who  had  returned  again  to  town  to  cause  the  musket  balls, 
which  were  too  big  for  his  guns,  to  be  hammered  into  slugs,  found  a 
few  bullets  and  three  knapsacks  of  ammunition  and  hurrying  back 
had  them  transported  across  the  creek.  Then  seizing  the  situation 
with  the  eye  of  a  good  soldier,  he  demanded  how  he  could  cross  the 
creek  farther  up.  When  he  was  told  there  was  a  bridge,  probably 
near  where  the  railroad  now  crosses  Portland  street,  he  took  the  two 
companies  remaining  on  this  side  the  stream  and  ran  shouting  to  the 
bridge.  Crossing,  and  leaving  there  an  ambuscade  of  six  men,  he 
ordered  Captain  Southworth  with  his  company  of  English,  to  go 
down  the  edge  of  the  marsh  to  the  assistance  of  Captain  Hall,  while 
he,  with  the  company  of  Indians,  would  go  through  the  brush  and 
attack  the  enemy  in  the  rear.  After  much  "bad  travelling"  through 
the  matted  brush,  he  had  just  got  into  position,  when  the  word  came 
that  the  enemy  were  making  for  the  bridge.  He  rushed  back  to 
intercept  them  and  his  ambuscade  told  him  the  enemy  were  skirting 
the  swamp  at  the  head  of  the  creek,  further  up,  on  their  way  to  the 
Neck.  Not  knowing  the  country,  he  scattered  his  men  and  started 
in  pursuit..  He  seems  ta  have  gone  around  Bramhall's  Hill  to 
Thaddeus  Clark's  farm,  where  the  peaceful,  undisturbed  cattle, 
grazing  in  the  field  showed  him  that  no  Indians  had  passed  that  way. 
Hastily  retracing  his  steps  to  the  field  of  battle,  he  found  the  victory 
had  been  won,  that  this  march  to  the  rear,  though  abandoned,  had 
done  its  work,  and  the  Indians  had  dissappeared,  carrying  with  them 
their  dead.  Church's  forces  lost  twenty-one  killed  and  wounded. 
Among  them   were   two  soldiers  from   the   fort   and  tw^o  townsmen. 

But  the  tow^n,  which  had  thus  happily  escaped,  was  not  long  to 
enjoy  its  security.  The  next  year  witnessed  the  successful  attack 
which  rendered  Falmouth  Neck  an  uninhabited  wilderness  for  six 
and  twenty  years.  Fort  Loyall,  of  which  all  traces  have  now 
dissappeared,  was  built  just  before  1680,  by  the  aid  of  Massachusetts. 
There  has  been  left  us  no  description  of  this  fort,  but  it  must  have 
been  large,  for  the  town  buildings  were  w'ithin  the  walls,  which  were 
made  of  logs.  Besides  Fort  Loyall,  there  were  the  Ingersoll  garrison, 
at  the  foot  of  Exchange  street  and  the  Lawrence  garrison  on 
Munjoy, 

Fort  Loyall  was  built  near  where  Fore  street  crosses  India,  and 
stood  on  what  was  then  a  bluff  fifteen  feet  or  more  above  the  water, 


CENTENNIAL     CKLEHRATION.  203 

an  elevation  which  did  more  than  anything  else  to  ensue  its  downfall. 
During  the  year  1690  the  Massachusetts  authorities,  despite  the  pro 
tests  of  Major  Church  and  the  prayers  of  the  people,  had  been 
gradually  withdrawing  the  troops  which  garrisoned  it.  Only  a  few- 
days  before  the  fatal  attack  the  captain  in  charge,  Simon  Willard, 
departed  for  Boston  with  the  soldiers  of  his  company,  leaving  behind 
him  less  than  seventy  men.  While  Massachusetts  was  thus  render- 
ing our  little  settlement  helpless,  the  enterprising  Frontenac,  the 
Governor  of  Canada,  was  organizing  destruction  for  the  whole  dis- 
trict of  Maine.  Early  in  January  a  small  force  started  from  Montreal, 
and  gathering  recruits  as  it  moved,  reached  the  banks  of  the 
Kennebec  at  Winslow,  where  they  were  joined  by  the  Baron  Castine 
and  by  Hurtel  with  his  forces,  red-handed  from  the  massacre  at 
Salmon  Falls.  All  these  French  and  Indians  were  gathered  together 
early  in  May  under  command  of  the  Count  de  Portneuf.  From  the 
Kennebec  they  marched  to  Merrymeeting  Bay,  and  came  to  the 
Islands.  The  defenders  of  Fort  Loyall  seemed  to  have  had  no 
conception  of  the  numbers  to  be  arrayed  against  them.  When  the 
enemy  first  made  their  appearance,  climbing  over  Munjoy  Hill  and 
planting  themselves  in  ambuscade,  Lieut.  Thaddeus  Clark,  a  gallant 
Irishman,  with  thirty  of  the  stoutest  youth,  stepped  out  as  bravely  as 
gaily  to  drive  away  the  lurking  foes.  But  as  they  rushed  up  with 
loud  hurrahs,  the  enemy  poured  in  one  volley  and  sprang  upon  them 
with  sword  and  hatchet  with  such  fierceness  and  in  sucii  numbers 
that  only  five,  all  wounded,  escaped  to  Lawrence  Garrison  near  by. 
That  night,  the  i6th,  Fort  Loyall  was  summoned  to  surrender  and 
the  answer  came  "that  they  should  defend  themselves  to  the  death." 
That  night,  also,  the  men  from  the  garrison  came  into  Fort  Loyall 
where  had  been  gathered  the  people  of  the  town.  It  must  have 
been  a  doleful  company  that  sheltered  itself  behind  those  frail 
palisades.  Thirty  of  their  best  and  bravest  lay  killed  and  wounded 
and  their  wives  and  mothers  and  companions  knew  that  they 
themselves  were  cut  off  from  all  succor  and  surrounded  by  howling 
savages.  The  light  and  smoke  of  their  burning  dwellings  added  new- 
horrors  to  the  scene.  They  soon  found  that  under  the  bluff  on 
which  their  fort  was  built,  the  enemy  had  gathered,  out  of  reach  of 
cannon  and  musketry,  and  were  slowly  and  surely  undermining  their 
defences.       After  four  days  of  suspense  and  terror,   after  the  greater 


294 


CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 


part  of  the  men  had  been  killed  or  wounded,  after  destruction  by  fire 
became  a  terrible  certainty,  the  brave  little  garrison  surrendered  and 
were  for  the  most  part  handed  over  to  the  savages.  Quarter  was 
promised  but  the  promise  was  not  respected.  How  many  sur- 
rendered no  muster  list  disclosed.  We  only  know  that  a  few  came 
back  from  Canada.  While  the  fight  was  raging  two  men  from 
Spurwink  climbed  the  hill  and  saw  the  burning  dwellings,  while  a 
little  shallop  from  Piscataqua  sailed  into  the  harbor  in  time  to  see 
the  sturdy  defence  of  the  garrisons.  These  spread  the  news  far  and 
wide.  After  Casco  fell,  the  marauding  savages  with  fire  and  ilame, 
completed  the  destruction  of  all  which  the  fleeing  and  captured 
inhabitants  had  left  behind  them. 

Of  the  last  war  episode  in  the  history  of  Portland  I  shall  not 
speak.  Its  bombardment  by  Mowatt  everybody  knows.  A  more 
wanton,  indefensible  assault  upon  an  undefended  city  has  not  dis- 
graced the  annals  of  modern  warfare. 

But  while  the  city  has  thus  suffered  by  war  and  rapine  it  has  also 
been  the  scene  of  much  pomp  and  pageantry.  Indeed  the  waters  of 
Casco  witnessed  a  great  scenic  display  before  a  white  man  had  set 
his  foot  on  shore,  for  did  not  bold  Captain  Christopher  Le\ett  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  six  hundred  and  twenty-three  sail 
down  the  harbor  "  with  the  king  and  queen  and  prince,  l)o\v  and 
arrows,  dog  and  kettle,  in  his  boat,  his  noble  attendants  rowing  by 
us  in  their  canoes?"  and  was  not  meat,  drink  and  tobacco  given  to 
the  lordly  savages  ?  and  is  not  the  same  figured  in  Mr.  Goold  his  book  .'' 
Let  us  hope,  to  complete  the  glowing  scene,  that  great  fishes  chased 
each  other  with  heads  like  "the  stone  horses  in  a  gentleman's  park." 
that  Michael  Milton's  Triton  looked  on  approving,  having  not  yet 
"dyed  the  water  with  his  purple  blood,"  while  the  "tyrant"  bear  on 
the  shore  paused  a  moment  from  his  pursuit  of  the  succulent  lobster 
in  the  shallow  jdooI. 

On  one  great  day  in  1754  we  had  here  the  Governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  a  Governor  of  Massachusetts  of  that  day  was  a  superior 
being,  and  suspected  it  himself.  There  came  also  a  majority  of  the 
Council,  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  and  eight  hundred  troops. 
They  stayed  with  us  ten  days,  and  there  was  great  feasting  and 
parade.  They  treated  with  the  Indians  and  went  their  stately  way 
back  to  Boston,  and  lived  happily  ever  afterwards. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  295 

I  do  not  remember  these  two  scenes,  but  I  do  remember  the 
boyish  face  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  that  remarkable  hat  of  the 
Dukeiof  Newcastle,  which  I  trust  his  posterity  have  preserved,  for  it 
must  have  descended  from  his  ancestors.  I  remember  also  the 
wonderful  grandeur  of  the  saluting  ships  as  they  belched  fire  until 
the  white  smoke  covered  the  sea  and  floated  away  against  the  black 
and  lowering  sky.  I  little  thought  as  I  saw  that  mighty  line-of-battle 
ship,  the  "  Hero,"  sail  majestically  out  of  the  harbor  with  her  ninety 
guns  tier  on  tier,  that  I  should  live  to  see  that  representative  of 
England's  pride  and  glory  as  obsolete  and  defenceless  as  the  old 
block-house  at  York.  Yet  only  ten  years  afterwards  there  came 
steaming  into  the  harbor  the  tall  iron  ship,  the  "  Monarch,"  before 
whose  powerful  cannon  and  armored  prow  the  great  ninety-gun  ship, 
which  would  have  been  the  pride  of  Nelson  in  the  days  of  his  highest 
glory,  could  hav^e  had  no  refuge  even  in  flight.  But  the  mighty 
"Monarch,"  with  its  towering  sides  and  its  turrets  of  iron,  which 
bore  the  dead  philanthropist  across  the  sea,  the  monitors  which 
welcomed  her  to  our  shores,  and  even  the  great  admiral,  whose 
benignant  face  added  a  two-fold  charm  to  the  glory  of  his  mighty 
deeds,  were  but  the  ornaments  of  the  great  historic  event  their 
presence  signalized.  The  honors  thus  paid  to  the  remains  of  an 
untitled  citizen  solely  because  he  had  been  the  benefactor  of  his 
race,  marked  another  epoch  in  our  progress  toward  that  happy  day 
when  the  bronze  statues  of  military  leaders  on  horseback  will  no 
longer  be  the  sole  adornment  of  capital  cities,  when  war,  noble  and 
ennobling  as  it  sometimes  is,  shall  cpase  from  the  earth;  when  the 
great  brotherhood  of  men  shall  become  a  fact  and  not  a  dream  ; 
when  we  shall  have  not  only  liberty  and  equality,  but  every  talent 
and  strength  and  power  unselfishly  consecrated  to  the  good  of  all, 
we  shall  have  true  fraternity  also,  that  bright  vision  alike  of  Com- 
munist and  Christian. 

Yet  while  I  thus  celebrate  the  longed-for  victory  of  peace,  and  my 
hope  of  the  speedy  coming  of  the  golden  age,  I  was  no  more  insen- 
sible than  you  when  we  beheld  together  on  that  wonderful  day  of 
June,  only  a  year  ago,  the  old  men  who  had  gone  forth  to  battle  in 
the  prime  of  their  manhood,  the  middle-aged  men  who  had  conse- 
crated to  their  country  the  flower  of  their  youth,  go  marching  by  the 
famous  general,  whose  mind,  as  he  stood  uncovered  to  their  cheers, 


296  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

must  have  been  thronged  with  strange  memories  of  the  brave  days 
gone  by.  Ah  !  we  cannot  help  it.  Whatever  reason  may  teach,  or 
wisdom  dictate,  that  heart  is  dead  that  does  not  vibrate  with  all  its 
chords  to  the  flow  of  martial  music  and  the  measured  march  of  men 
who  met  death  face  to  face  on  the  stricken  field. 

I  know  that  one  here  in  my  place  today  ought  to  speak  in  no 
stinted  terms  of  the  enterprising,  solid  and  strong  men  and  women 
who  lived  here  one  hundred  years  ago,  whose  sturdy  descendants  are 
scattered  all  over  this  hall.  But  to  do  it  worthily  would  require  not 
the  knowledge  born  of  hurried  moments  snatched  from  more  engross- 
ing duties,  but  that  ripe  acquaintance  with  all  our  history  which 
William  Willis  carried  with  him  to  the  grave,  and  which  William 
Goold  possesses  today.  Even  then  the  day  would  be  far  spent 
before  I  could  close. 

Nor  can  I  speak  fittingly  of  the  poets  and  artists,  statesmen  and 
scholars,  who  have  adorned  our  history,  and  have  helped  to  make 
the  old  town  famous  to  the  outer  world.  What  justice  would  a  page 
of  description  do  to  the  character,  the  poetry,  the  genius  of  Henry 
Wadsworth  Longfellow  ?  How  could  I,  in  a  passing  mention,  dis- 
tinguish between  what  was  brilliant  and  what  was  frivolous  in 
Nathaniel  Parker  Willis.  Would  you  have  me  undertake  to  portray 
in  a  sentence  the  strange  genius  of  John  Neal  ?  I  might  as  well  try 
to  bring  back  to  this  generation  the  pleasure  and  laughter  which 
Jack  Downing's  Letters  caused  to  the  generation  which  flourished 
before  I  was  born.  Nor  have  I  any  idea  that  I  could  mete  out  the 
proper  phrases  for  the  ripe  scholarship  of  Henry  B.  Smith,  the 
theology  of  Dr.  Nichols,  the  pastoral  jvorth  of  Edward  Payson,  or 
the  great  administrative  powers  of  Bishop  Bacon.  It  would  be 
invidious  to  select  from  the  living,  or  I  could  not  refrain  from  offer- 
ing my  tribute  of  admiration  and  regard  to  that  aged  minister  who 
came  to  us  from  over  the  sea,  whose  noble  face,  whose  stately  beauty 
of  language,  whose  full,  strong,  upright  life  has  always  made  him 
seem  to  me  the  ideal  Christian  minister,  preaching  the  faith  and 
practice  of  which  his  own  life  is  the  shining  example.  I  should  feel 
much  freer  to  speak,  for  they  were  almost  of  my  day,  of  the  fame 
which  was  lost  to  us  by  the  untimely  death  of  William  Law  Symonds, 
and  of  the  fame  which  Walter  Wells  might  have  won  had  not  that 
strong  intellect  been  overborne  by  so  frail  a  body. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  297 

Nor  will  I  speak  of  the  statesmen  except  as  I  saw  them.  Time 
would  fail  me  to  do  justice  to  them  also.  George  Evans  came  to 
Portland  in  his  old  age.  I  well  remember  hearing  him  present  a 
case  in  court;  and  the  impression  which  his  quiet  power,  clearness 
and  strength  made  on  me  then,  has  enabled  me  since  to  understand 
how  he  might  have  been  the  peer  of  the  best  in  the  days  of  Webster, 
and  Clay,  and  Calhoun,  and  to  comprehend  what  manner  of  man  he 
was  in  his  prime,  when  he  attacked  John  Quincy  Adams  with  such 
vigor  and  power  that  the  old  man  eloquent,  who  never  declined  battle 
with  any  other  man,  saw  fit  to  make  him  no  reply. 

The  most  impressive  scene  I  ever  witnessed  took  place  in  this 
very  hall.  Here,  almost  on  the  very  spot  where  I  now  stand,  William 
Pitt  Fessenden  stood,  before  the  constituency  which  had  loved  and 
honored  him  for  so  many  years.  The  hall  was  black  with  the  throng- 
ing multitude.  It  was  at  the  beginning  of  a  great  presidential  cam- 
paign, the  last  he  was  ever  to  witness.  The  great  problem  of  recon- 
struction was  to  be  reviewed.  Mr.  Fessenden  had  been  the  master 
spirit  in  its  solution.  The  war  debt  was  to  be  assailed.  Mr. 
Fessenden  had  been  chairman  of  the  committee  of  finance  and 
secretary  of  the  treasury.  To  all  this  was  added  the  intense  per- 
sonal interest  of  his  recent  defeat  of  the  impeachment  of  Andrew 
Johnson,  With  full  knowledge  of  the  storm  about  him,  but  with 
the  courage  of  perfect  conviction  he  faced  the  responsibility.  The 
occasion  was  a  great  one,  but  the  man  was  greater  than  the  occa- 
sion. Calmly  ignoring,  except  in  one  sharp,  incisive  sentence,  all 
that  was  personal,  with  his  old  vigor,  terseness  and  simplicity,  he 
explained  to  his  townsmen  the  momentous  issues  of  the  campaign. 
From  the  moment  he  began,  the  party  rage  commenced  to  cease 
and  the  old  pride  in  his  greatness  and  honesty  began  to  take  its 
place.  How  strong  he  looked  that  night!  Although  all  the  world 
might  falter,  you  knew  that  calm  face  would  be  steadfast.  To  him 
had  happened  the  rare  good  fortune  of  having  the  courage  and 
character  which  matched  a  great  opportunity.  Few  men  would  have 
been  so  brave,  and  fewer  still  successful. 

I  have  not  spoken  of  the  conduct  of  our  city  in  either  of  the  wars 
waged  beyond  its  limits.  That  subject  also  would  be  too  vast  for  an 
occasion  like  this.  Nor  do  I  like  to  speak  at  all  of  the  one  within 
the  memory  of  us  all.     For  us  it  has  as  much  of  sorrow  as  of  glory. 


298  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

It  brings  up  to  me  always  the  vision  of  a  fair  young  face,  the  quiet 
associate  of  the  studious  hours,  the  bright  companion  of  the  days  of 
pleasure.  Can  it  be  that  I  shall  never  look  into  those  cheerful  eyes 
again  ?  Can  it  be  that  neither  the  quaint  jest  of  the  happier  hours 
nor  the  solemn  confidences  of  the  heart  just  opening  to  full  sense  of 
the  high  duties  of  life  will  ever  again  fall  upon  the  ear  of  friendship 
or  of  love?  It  can  be  no  otherwise.  He  can  only  live  in  my 
memory,  but  he  lives  there,  sublimated  in  the  crucible  of  death,  from 
all  imperfections,  clothed  upon  with  all  his  virtues,  and  radiant  with 
all  the  possibilities  of  a  generous  youth.  Other  companions  have 
failed  in  their  careers,  but  not  he.  All  the  world  has  grown  old,  but 
he  is  forever  young.  And  yet  the  dead,  however  sweetly  embalmed, 
are  but  the  dead.  One  touch  of  the  vanished  hand  were  worth  all 
our  dreams.  All  our  memories,  however  tender,  are  consolation 
only  because  there  can  be  no  other,  for  the  lost  strength  and  vigor 
of  the  living,  the  stilled  pulsations  of  a  heart  no  longer  beating  to 
thoughts  of  earth.  What  safe  my  heart  holds,  holds  many  a  heart  in 
this  great  audience.  The  generations  to  come  will  celebrate  the 
glory.     This  generation  knows  the  cost. 

With  many  words  unspoken,  with  many  thoughts  unsaid,  I  must 
hasten  to  the  close.  There  have  been  those  in  times  past  who  have 
dreamed  of  a  greater  Portland  than  that  on  which  our  eyes  now  rest. 
They  have  believed  that  at  some  not  distant  day  the  old  town  of 
Falmouth,  from  Spurwink  to  Clapboard  Island,  would  swarm  with 
uncounted  thousands ;  that  on  the  land  on  either  hand  between  us 
ar.d  the  ocean  the  great  warehouses  would  yet  stand,  bursting  with 
riches  brought  over  the  sea  and  across  the  continent;  that  the  great 
roadsteads  where  the  tall  sloops  used  to  ride  before  a  white  man 
lived  on  the  shore,  would  be  studded  with  ships  and  thronged  with 
the  commerce  of  the  world.  If  this  wild  vision  shall  ever  become  a 
reality,  and  the  things  of  earth  then  concern  us  who  sit  here,  there 
will  not  be  wanting  those  who  will  think  with  sad,  regretful  remem- 
brance of  the  golden  sunsets  which  now  gild  the  white  hills  and 
pour  their  softened  radiance  over  the  darkening  forests,  over  the 
fields  rich  with  bright  vendure,  and  over  the  tranquil  waters  of  the 
broad  river,  which  ebbs  and  flows  near  the  base  of  Bramhall's  Hill. 
They  will  long  also  to  stand  again  on  the  Munjoy  of  today  and  look 
out  on  the  smooth,  untroubled  expanse  of  sea,  on  the  great  green 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  299 

islands  and  all  the  varied  landscape  which  lies  between  the  eye  and 
the  horizon's  edge.  For  whether  your  eye  looks  seaward  or  siiore- 
ward,  there  is  no  more  beautiful  city  than  the  beautiful  Portland 
of  today.  No  wonder  the  thoughts  of  the  great  poet  were  so  often 
on  the  lovely  spot  of  his  nativity.  No  wonder  the  brave  and  famous 
admiral,  storm-tossed  on  many  a  sea,  longed  to  take  his  eternal  rest 
amid  these  bright  scenes  of  his  childhood.  Yet  this  longing  was  not 
born  of  the  memory  of  beauty  alone.  Whatever  fame  great  achieve- 
ments may  bestow  ;  whatever  honors  the  world  may  give,  it  is  e\er 
the  most  cherished  hope  of  every  seeker  after  fame  or  fortune  to  be 
kindly  remembered  and  lovingly  honored  on  the  spot  which  gave  h'uu 
birth. 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Reed's  oration  which  was  listened 
to  with  close  attention  and  frequently  applauded,  the 
Haydn  Association  then  sang,  "  Ye  shall  dwell  in  the 
land,"  by  Dr.  Stainer.  Mrs.  Chase  and  Mr.  Watts  sang 
the  solos. 

The  Mayor  then  rose  and  spoke  as  follows: 

Portland  is  honored  no  less  by  her  gifted  daughters  than  by  her 
distinguished  sons.  One  of  the  best  known  of  these  daughters  has 
returned  today  to  delight  us  with  her  presence  as  well  as  charm  us 
with  her  verse. 

We  shall  experience  a  great  pleasure  in  listening  to  Mrs.  Abba 
Goold  Woolson,  whom  I  now  have  the  honor  of  presenting. 

POEM    BY    MRS.    ABBA    GOOLD    W'OOLSON. 

Ye  bid  me  wake,  with  touch  unskilled  and  weak, 

The  mighty  harp  that  elder  bards  have  strung; 
Ye  bid  my  faltering  voice  essay  to  speak 

A  city's  joy,  where  nobler  strains  have  rung. 
Nor  festal  hymn,  nor  gladsome  lay  were  mine 

Should  once  her  poets  to  my  vision  rise, 
Like  those  rapt  singers  that  the  Florentine 

Beheld  with  reverent  eyes; 
And  mute  were  I,  did  venturous  thought  recall 
That  laurelled  name  on  London's  minster-wall. 


•300  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Yet  lenps  my  heart  to  celebrate  the  fame 

Of  that  dear  city  which  we  proudly  boast 
Oldest  and  largest  that  our  State  can  claim 

In  all  her  leagues  of  bay-indented  coast. 
From  East  to  West,  throughout  her  broad  domains, 

Swept  by  their  lordly  rivers  flowing  free, 
In  lake-strewn  forests  and  pine-mantled  plains 

No  spot  so  fair  to  see  : 
Within  her  far-famed  bay  she  sits  serene, 
Of  all  Maine's  cities  the  acknowledged  queen. 

Like  posted  sentinels  in  outer  courts. 

Her  guards  and  watchmen  stand  on  many  a  steep, 
That  she  may  dwell  secure;  three  frowning  forts 

Train  their  long  guns  in  menace  o'er  the  deep, 
With  call  imperious  challenging  her  foes; 

Scanning  that  ocean-path  by  night,  by  day,  _ 
The  old  red  tower  upon  her  hill-top  knows 

What  rovers  seek  her  bay; 
While  headland  lights,  like  torches  o'er  the  foam 
Of  darkling  waters,  guide  her  wanderers  home. 

Child  of  the  sea,  her  eager  looks  are  sent 

Towards  distant  Europe,  o'er  the  rolling  surge  ; 
Behind  her  spreads  a  teeming  continent. 

Herself  the  mistress  of  its  eastern  verge. 
Yet  linking  her  with  far  Pacific  lands. 

Speed  the  great  engines,  rushing  to  and  fro 
O'er  the  straight  pathway  of  their  iron  bands; 

While  swift  her  white  ships  go. 
Like  gleaming  shuttles,  fiying  o'er  the  main 
To  English  ports,  or  shores  of  France  and  Spain. 

Her  roving  sailors,  from  their  floating  decks. 
Descry  no  lands  so  lovely  as  her  own  : 

How  bright  so  e'er  the  realm,  it  little  recks 
To  them  what  splendors  gild  a  foreign  zone. 

And  though  her  sons  may  rear  their  homesteads  well 
On  southern  plain  and  many  a  western  farm, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  301 

Where  love  and  fortune  weave  a  potent  spell, 

She  holds  a  lasting  charm  : 
Long  years  may  pass,  and  wide  her  children  roam, 
Yet  on  her  hearth-stones  burn  the  fires  of  home. 

In  summer's  sunshine  every  land  is  fair; 

But  fair  are  her  dear  coasts  in  sun  or  shade ; 
Nor  winter's  sleet,  nor  August's  sultry  air 

Can  make  her  other  than  fond  nature  made  : 
Better  her  ocean  gales,  her  spray-swept  shore, 

Her  fog-clouds  driven  o'er  the  shivering  land. 
Her  wild  tempestuous  breakers,  and  their  roar. 

Than  alien  zephyrs  bland. 
No  storms  can  wreck  her  beauty  ;  clearer  glows 
Her  freshened  lustre,  like  a  rain-dashed  rose. 

For  nature  loves  her  well ;  a  verdurous  wood 

Of  waving  boughs  seems  sheltering  the  town  ; 
And  Vaughan's  old  oaks,  a  mighty  brotherhood. 

On  Bramhall  stand ;  though  pines  no  longer  crown 
Munjoy's  broad  slopes  descending  to  the  sea. 

In  swaying  elms  the  wild  bird  builds  her  nest ; 
Across  these  ancient  gardens  still  the  bee 

Goes  murmuring  on  her  quest ; 
And,  searching  for  lost  springs,  the  dragon-fly. 
On  wings  of  steely  gauze,  darts  whirring  by. 

For  man  alone  has  not  possessed  this  spot. 

This  strip  of  land  between  encircling  seas; 
The  tiny  races  whom  we  value  not 

Have  danced  their  summer  revels  down  the  breeze, 
And  lightly  slept  within  their  native  earth  ; 

And  still  their  kindred  in  the  sunbeams  dwell. 
We  know  no  story  of  their  nation's  birth. 

Of  them  no  records  tell ; 
But  nature's  self  their  passing  lives  may  scan 
As  parts  essential  to  her  perfect  plan. 


302  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Not  all  the  ships  that  in  its  haven  ride 

Can  take  one  native  charm  from  Casco  Bay ; 
Dark,  plumy  forests  swing  above  the  tide 

On  island  shores,  where  still,  in  careless  play, 
The  wild  duck  floats,  the  lonely  plover  calls ; 

In  wave-washed  nooks,  by  human  eye  unseen, 
The  glistening  kelp  forever  lifts  and  falls  ; 

And  silvery  birches  lean. 
In  sunny  coves,  above  the  hard,  white  sand. 
Where  glides  no  skifif,  no  rover  seeks  the  land. 

When  home-bound  from  the  deep,  a  tiny  shape 

On  dancing  waves,  the  fisher's  boat  is  seen 
Rounding  the  eastern  shores  of  that  broad  cape 

Named  at  her  death  for  England's  mighty  queen, 
How  welcome  to  his  gaze  each  curving  line 

From  Scarboro's  river-Points  to  Barberry  creek ! 
At  Spurwink's  mouth  the  long,  white  beaches  shine : 

Beyond,  his  glances  seek 
Richmond's  lone  island,  on  whose  farthest  edge 
Breaks  the  wild  surf  o'er  Watts'  fatal  ledge. 

Its  quiet  farmhouse  has  no  tale  to  tell 

Of  vanished  fleets  and  storehouses  and  pier; 
His  fancy  hears  no  pealing  chapel-bell, 

Nor  sees  young  Parson  Jordan  sauntering  near, 
Joining  the  captains  from  their  busy  ships. 

And  mistress  Sarah  in  her  London  gown, 
And  passing  in  to  pray  with  fervent  lips 

For  good  King  Charles'  crown. 
Nor  does  his  thought  that  earlier  vision  hold 
Of  slaughtered  trader,  and  his  buried  gold. 

Near  the  Two  Lights,  where  dangerous  waters  glide, 
He  hears  Old  Anthony's  unceasing  knell; 

Through  Portland  Roads  he  hurries  with  the  tide 
Past  their  white  tower,  and  feels  the  rising  swell 

That  rocks  the  skiffs  in  Simonton's  broad  cove : 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  303 

From  Preble's  rampart  booms  the  sunset-gun 
O'er  Cushing's  Point,  where  erst  a  village  throve  ; 

And  now  the  sunken  sun 
Crimsons  the  wave,  where  gleaming  silks  outblown 
Once  scarfed  a  sea  with  priceless  wreckage  strewn. 

To  one  who  sits  upon  the  cliff  afar. 

Noting  the  waning  splendors  of  the  light. 
He  moves,  a  floating  speck,  behind  the  bar 

Of  Stanford's  ledge,  and  soon  is  lost  to  sight. 
Against  the  lingering  radiance  of  the  west. 

With  dome  and  slender  steeples  ranged  a-row. 
The  tree-embowered  city  on  her  crest 

Burns  in  a  golden  glow; 
While  warmer  tints,  that  through  the  waters  play. 
Flush  the  far  sails  and  mantle  all  the  bay. 

Like  lovely  Venice  throned  above  the  tide, 

At  such  an  hour  the  glimmering  city  seems; 
Or  some  rich  caravan,  at  eve  descried 

Nigh  to  Damascus, — journeying  in  our  dreams. 
And  when  the  misty  branches  sway  and  glance, 

We  see  an  army's  glittering  legions  stand, 
With  blazing  standards  lifted  to  advance; 

One  signal  of  command. 
And  the  great  host  shall  move  forever  by, 
Their  floating  banners  sweeping  down  the  sky, 

A  leafy  home  for  w^hispering  dryads  made 

Remains  their  haunt,  though  murmuring  streets  are  near, 
Where  Deering's  Oaks,  within  their  solemn  shade, 

Preserve  a  hush,  a  spell,  that  kindles  fear; 
As  if  the  bandits  of  good  Robin  Hood, 

Or  playful  fairies,  trooped  the  paths  at  night. 
And  only  hid  within  the  listening  wood 

When  wanderers  came  in  sight : 
Yet  rushing  trains  the  sturdy  branches  shake. 
And  children's  laughter  all  the  echoes  wake. 


304  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION 

Beyond  dividing  waters,  where  a  field 

Slopes  to  the  mansion  on  its  level  brow, 
Sweet  orchard-glades  their  stern  traditions  yield 

Of  savage  conflict  centuries  ago. 
And  westward  still,  with  fonder  memories  blent, 

A  furzy  pasture  tells  of  strange  delights; 
For  there  the  circus  held  its  tournament. 

And  there,  on  gala  nights. 
The  fireworks'  magic  dazed  our  childish  eyes, 
Shooting  its  splendors  to  the  startled  skies. 

Our  city  guards,  upon  her  eastern  steep. 

The  graveyard  of  her  old,  historic  dead. 
Where  seven  generations  came  to  sleep 

Near  the  tall  pine  whose  shadows  long  have  fled  : 
The  aged  parson,  shepherding  his  flock, 

The  brave  young  warriors,  slain  in  reckless  pride, 
Stout  captains,  fallen  in  the  battle's  shock. 

There  slumber,  side  by  side  ; 
And  sailors  bold,  that  cruise  the  deep  no  more. 
Past  the  known  headlands  of  this  winding  shore. 

From  old  Munjoy  what  glimpses,  toward  the  west. 

Of  mighty  summits,  gleaming  in  their  snows 
When  plains  are  bare ;  of  Blackstrap's  needled  crest ! 

From  Westbrook's  fields  beyond  how  lightly  blows 
The  thistle-globe  upon  the  scented  breeze. 

Threading  the  mazes  of  the  wind-swept  town 
To  float  and  ride  upon  the  summer  seas  ! 

And  calmly  looking  down. 
In  faithful  vigil,  stands  the  broad  red  tower. 
Waving  its  flags  to  hail  this  happy  hour. 

On  these  glad  festal  days  is  toil  forgot ; 

Merchants  and  lawyers  throng  the  crowded  way ; 
For  wind  and  tide  the  sailor  careth  not; 

His  little  sloop,  with  all  her  pennons  gay. 
Waits  in  the  stream,  that  he  may  walk  in  pride 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  305 

With  Portland's  sons  ;  no  farmer's  scythe  is  swung ; 
No  sportive  children  seek  the  country  side  ; 

But  all,  the  old  and  young, 
Together  come,  their  city's  name  to  bless ; 
Happier  to  share  each  other's  happiness. 

Within  her  gates  no  stranger's  voice  is  mute  ; 

They  who  have  shared  her  welcome  sing  her  fame  ; 
The  waiting  steamships  blow  their  shrill  salute  ; 

From  anchored  frigates  seamen  shout  her  name  ; 
And  where,  beside  the  waves,  the  fortress  lowers 

Thunder  the  booming  cannon,  keeping  time  ; 
Even  the  fog-bells,  in  their  open  towers 

On  breezy  headlands  chime  ; 
And  the  swift-coming  engines,  rushing  near. 
Snort  like  great  steeds,  rejoicing  to  be  here. 

The  tree-tops  swaying  o'er  the  crowded  street. 

The  island  forests,  the  resounding  main. 
Near  fields,  awave  with  grass  and  rustling  wheat, — 

Midsummer's  gentle  voices,  swell  the  strain  ; 
The  swallow  from  the  roof-tree  sends  his  note  ; 

Birds  in  the  garden  branches  pipe  and  sing ; 
The  sea-gull,  screaming  as  he  rocks  afloat 

Or  soars  on  circling  wing, — 
All  these  of  her  dominion  proudly  raise 
In  one  full  chorus  their  exultant  praise. 

Dreaming  she  sits,  this  mother  of  us  all. 

This  city  that  has  blessed  us  from  our  birth  ; 
About  her  brows  a  fresh,  green  coronal. 

Twined  by  her  children  in  their  hour  of  mirth  ; 
Seaward  she  looks,  yet  with  a  tender  glance, 

Her  mantle  backward  blown  along  the  hill, 
Her  head  down-dropped,  as  in  a  thoughtful  trance, 

Her  fair  hands  clasped  and  still ; 
Scarce  noting  how  the  fitful  breezes  sweet 
And  the  glad  billows  run  to  kiss  her  feet. 

20 


306  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Across  the  bay  she  sees  the  ships  come  in, 

Bringing  her  exiles  to  their  homes  once  more ; 
Beneath  her  cliff  resounds  the  passing  din 

Of  trains  that  speed  their  thousands  to  her  shore  ; 
Each  wanderer  to  her  loving  heart  is  dear; 

No  child  that  she  hath  known  hath  she  forgot : 
Their  joyous  greetings  on  her  hundredth  year 

She  hears,  but  answers  not; 
For  memory,  running  back  beyond  our  ken, 
Recalls  the  storied  past  to  live  again. 

She  seems  the  brooding  spirit  of  the  place. 

Before  whose  gaze,  in  solemn  vision,  sweep 
Long  centuries,  since  first  a  dusky  race 

Came  here  to  dwell  on  Machigonne's  lone  steep : 
Again  she  listens  to  their  savage  speech, 

Hears  the  swift  arrow  whistling  through  the  glade, 
The  light  canoe  drawn  on  the  sandy  beach ; 

And,  'mid  the  forest's  shade, 
Sees  the  great  sagamores,  with  darkling  frowns, 
In  haughty  council  rear  their  feathered  crowns.  • 

Hither,  attended  by  her  royal  train, 

Comes  Cogawesco's  noble-hearted  queen, 
With  welcome  guiding  through  her  own  domain 

A  stranger  ship  to  yonder  island  green  ; 
There  the  first  colonists,  of  Saxon  race. 

Fell  the  dense  wood  and  build  a  goodly  house ; 
Anon  a  statelier  vessel  seeks  the  place; 

While,  under  drooping  boughs. 
An  Oxford  scholar  builds  his  Latin  lay, — 
The  earliest  bard  to  sing  of  Casco  Bay, 

The  ships  depart;  their  men  are  seen  no  more  : 
Ten  years,  and  English  trading-ships  alone 

Come  fishing  to  her  bay,  from  Richmond's  shore; 
Then  the  first  settler,  proud  to  call  his  own 

The  jutting  mainland,  with  its  circling  strand. 
Builds  a  log  cabin  by  her  running  brook. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  307 

For  thirty  years  he  portions  out  the  land 

To  West-of-England  Folk, 
Brave  Devon  squires,  whose  fathers,  from  the  main, 
With  Drake  and  Raleigh,  swept  the  fleets  of  Spain. 

In  final  rest,  beneath  a  lofty  pine 

Spared  by  his  axe,  the  pioneer  has  lain 
But  ten  brief  years,  when  forth,  a  flying  line. 

From  raided  farms,  her  settlers  seek  the  main. 
Returning,  drawn,  at  last,  by  love  and  hope. 

They  build  anew,  with  fort  and  palisade; 
Then  a  day's  battle  on  an  orchard-slope, 

A  long-besieged  stockade. 
With  desperate,  vain  defence,  and  wild  uproar, 
And  Indian  warriors  hold  the  land  once  more. 

Through  flame  and  death  her  far-led  captives  go. 

While  empty  streets  and  bleaching  bones  remain  : 
Long  decades  pass;  the  wasted  homesteads  know 

Their  sons  once  more,  their  hamlet  thrives  again. 
Soon  a  young  parson  comes  the  flock  to  lead ; 

And  savage  foes  are  bound  by  solemn  peace ; 
Westward',  to  sister  towns,  the  postmen  speed ; 

While,  over  cool,  bright  seas. 
Their  steady  course  the  mighty  mast-ships  keep, 
And  venturous  traders  skim  a  foreign  deep. 

But  if,  above  the  waves'  tumultuous  roar 

In  Biscay's  bay,  where  the  long  breaker  swells, 
Her  hardy  sailors  hear,  w'hen  off  Bilboa, 

The  faint,  far  ringing  of  Spain's  convent-bells, 
And  note,  across  dark  olives  on  the  height. 

Where  the  lone  belfry  cuts  the  glowing  skies, 
The  monk,  slow  passing  in  his  robe  of  white. 

What  longings  wild  arise 
To  see  that  log-built  meeting-house  once  more, 
Under  the  pine-trees  of  a  northern  shore. 


308  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Sixty  glad  years,  and  Falmouth  mourns  again  ; 

Her  old  protector  has  become  her  foe  ; 
All  day  she  shrinks  before  the  scorching  rain 

Of  shot  and  shell ;  all  night  the  heavens  glow 
With  blazing  ships  and  mansions  wrapped  in  fire. 

From  threatening  fleets,  and  battle's  dread  alarms, 
To  safer  fields  her  stricken  sons  retire  : 

At  length,  from  Gorham  farms 
And  distant  camps,  her  wanderers  homeward  flee, 
Hailing  the  Peace  that  makes  a  nation  free. 

Soon  free,  herself,  a  prouder  name  to  know 

Than  Falmouth  Neck,  with  years  of  strength  begun, 
Fair  Portland  greets,  a  century  ago. 

Christening  and  independence-day  in  one. 
An  ocean-mart,  she  comes  to  rule  the  wave, 

To  stand  its  foremost  city,  wise  and  great. 
When  Gorges'  province,  with  the  name  he  gave, 

Steps  forth,  a  sovereign  State. 
And  still  her  Devon  blood  would  tempt  the  breeze 
And  drive  her  foemen  from  insulting  seas. 

What  swift  advance  a  hundred  years  have  wrought, 

Despite  embargo,  war,  and  raging  flame  ! 
Great  industries  her  changing  needs  have  brought 

To  feed  her  commerce  ;  where  the  postman  came, 
Fly  train  and  steamboat  to  her  bridge-bound  shore  : 

For  two  good  parsons  that  in  sorrow  spake. 
Thirty  she  hears  ;  for  one  gazette,  a  score  ; 

She  quaffs  Sebago  lake. 
For  Marjory's  spring;  and  for  the  candle's  ray. 
Electric  lights  pour  radiance  clear  as  day. 

Although  her  last  dread  foe,  the  ruthless  flame. 
Has  razed  her  ancient  homes,  an  honored  few 

Preserve  some  treasures  that  the  past  would  claim  ; 
There  rest  the  mugs  the  Peter  Waldo  knew, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  309 

From  which  old  seadogs  have  been  wont  to  drain, 
In  deep  carouse,  their  healths  of  Admiral  rum  ; 

Pale  Canton  silks,  that  tell  in  rent  and  stain 
How  the  Grand  Turk  came  home  ; 

There  Mowatt's  fiery  shot,  embedded  deep, 

Have  had  a  century  for  cooling  sleep. 

Such  the  long  memories  that  her  heart  has  kept ; — 

Loss  and  disaster,  but  triumphant  gain  ; 
Four  times  the  tomahawk  or  the  flame  has  swept 

Her  narrow  slopes  ;  yet  unto  her  remain 
A  people  crowding  to  the  billowy  strand 

And  o'er  the  fields  :  a  brave  and  courtly  race  ; 
With  merchant-princes  fitted  to  command 

Her  fates  in  war  and  peace. 
Nor  wealth  alone,  nor  strength  ;  a  mightier  power 
She  gives  her  children,  —  learning's  priceless  dower. 

Favored  are  we  to  greet  thy  festal  year, 

O  blessed  town,  which  many  ne'er  behold, 
And  none  but  once ;  for  all  who  gather  here 

Must  find  their  vigor  spent,  their  brief  lives  told, 
Ere  thou,  still  wearing  thine  immortal  grace, 

And  throned,  as  now,  beneath  resplendent  skies, 
Shalt  see  another  century  end  its  race, 

Another  dawn  arise 
When  mighty  throngs  shall  tread  thine  ancient  ways. 
And  grateful  thousands  chant  their  votive  lays. 

And  thou  wilt  sit  again  among  thy  dead, 

Happy  as  now,  and  grown  to  prouder  state ; 
Roses  as  fresh  shall  wreathe  thy  stately  head, 

And  worthier  verse  thy  glories  celebrate. 
But  fairer  than  the  splendors  round  thee  then. 

More  clear  than  other  scenes  by  memory  brought. 
This  one  glad  summertide  shall  live  again 

And  brighten  in  thy  thought ; 
This  summertide,  when  first  before  thy  feet 
Thy  singing  children  flung  their  garlands  sweet. 


310  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION 

While  yet  in  breeze  and  sunshine  we  rejoice, 

And  echoes  of  our  fleeting  song  remain, 
Or  ere  the  swelling  anthem  drowns  our  voice, 

Give  ear,  great  mother,  to  our  parting  strain  ; 
Hail,  dear  protectress  of  our  lives  and  toil ! 

A  people's  homage  is  the  praise  we  bear ; 
Still  bless  our  homes  upon  thy  sacred  soil ; 

And  Heaven,  that  made  thee  fair, 
And  gave  thee  strength,  and  kept  thee  through  all  fears, 
Shall  guard  thee  still  another  hundred  years. 

The  Centennial  Hymn,  composed  by  Chas.  P.  Ilsley, 
of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  set  to  music  by  David  Paine, 
of  the  same  city,  both  of  whom  are  natives,  and  for 
many  years  residents  of  Portland,  was  one  of  merit  and 
beauty.  The  Haydns  rendered  it  with  great  effect. 
The  audience,  as  requested,  rose  and  united  in  singing 
the  last  stanza,  which  was  sung  to  the  tune  of  Old 
Hundred.     The  following  is  the  hymn: 

CENTENNIAL  HYMN. 

CHAS.    P.    ILSLEY,    CAMBRIDGE,    MASS. 

[Music  by  David  Paine,  Caniliridgc] 

Through  the  dim  corridors  of  time  Cradled  in  ashes — doomed  anew, 

There  floats  a  peal,  subdued  and  low,  As  if  the  sport  of  destiny, 

By  fancy  deemed  a  mufHed  chime  The  fiery  ordeal  to  pass  through, 

Outrung  a  hundred  years  ago,  She  bravely  faced  the  stern  decree. 

As  faintly  on  our  listening  ears  Heaven  speed  and  prosper  lier  emprise  ! 

In  weird-like  cadence  falls  the  strain,  Whate'er  the  burden  on  her  laid, 

Beliold,  the  I'resent  disappears —  As  in  the  past,  may  she  arise 

The  buried  Past  revives  again  !  In  strength  and  beauty  fresh  arrayed  ! 

Amazed,  as  held  in  magic  thrall.  All  honors  to  our  sires  accord 

W'e  gaze  around  in  mute  surprise :  Who   nurtured   her   and   shaped    her 

Lo,  shattered  roof  and  crumbling  wall  wavs  : 

And  blackened  ruins  meet  our  eyes!  All  honors  due  to  them  award. 

By  vandal  hands  this  work  was  wrought —  The  guardians  of  her  later  days  ! 

This   widespread   scene  of  dearth  and  Warm  welcomes  to  her  wand'ring  sons 

blight  :  Now  gathered  at  their  native  home, 

Yet  here,  with  dauntless  ardor  fraught.  And  greetings  to  the  absent  ones, 

Our  infant  city  plumed  her  flight.  Where'er  their  truant  steps  may  roam. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  311 

Haydn  Association. 

Tune  —  "  Old  Hundred." 

And  unto  Him  whose  sovereign  care 

Prolonged  our  lives  to  see  this  day, 
Whose  bounties  manifold  we  share, 
Our  grateful  homage  we  would  pay  I 

The  Benediction  was  then  pronounced  by  the  Rt. 
Rev.  Henry  A.  Neely,  d.  d.,  and  the  exercises  closed ; 
and  the  audience  proceeded  to  Custom  House  wharf  to 
take  steamers  for  the  excursion  to  the  Islands. 

AN   INTERESTING    INCIDENT. 

Among  the  pleasant  incidents  of  the  centennial,  was 
the  meeting  at  the  Falmouth  House,  of  Hon.  Hannibal 
Hamlin,  Hon.  Horatio  King  and  Hon.  Henry  Carter, 
formerly  editor  of  the  Portland  Advertiser,  and  all 
former  residents  of  Portland.  Fifty-six  years  ago  the 
first  two  were  publishers  and  the  last  an  apprentice  boy 
of  the  Jeffersonian.  Mr.  Hamlin  was  the  only  one 
then  of  age  and  he  had  but  just  attained  his  majority. 
The  course  of  each  has  been  conspicuous  and  honor- 
able. Mr.  Hamlin  attained  the  Vice-Presidency,  Mr. 
King  a  cabinet  position  and  Mr.  Carter  is  still  on  the 
bench  of  the  Court  of  Massachusetts.  A  son  of  Mr. 
King,  Gen.  Horatio  C.  King,  who  was  a  native  of  this 
city,  late  Judge  Advocate  General  of  New  York,  was 
an  interested  listener  as  these  young-old  men  ex- 
changed reminiscences  during  several  happy  hours. 

THE   CLAM    BAKE. 
The  clam  bake  at  Loncj  Island  in  the  afternoon  was 
a  successful  feature  of  the  great  celebration.     A  large 
number  of  people  went  to  the  island  in  the  forenoon 


312  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

and  when  the  steamer  City  of  Richmond,  which  left 
Custom  House  wharf  at  the  conclusion  of  the  ex- 
ercises at  City  Hall,  had  landed  her  contingent,  fully 
two  thousand  people  were  waiting  for  the  clam  bake  in 
the  broiling  sun  and  fanned  by  a  breeze  which  blew 
across  the  sixteen  cords  of  burning  wood  in  the  beds, 
and  seemed  hotter  than  the  sun.  But  when  the  bake 
was  ready,  at  about  three  o'clock,  all  were  satisfied  and 
forgot  how  hot  they  were.  Messrs.  Littlefield  and 
Mitchell  had  done  a  good  job.  The  clams  and  lobsters 
were  as  good  as  could  be  desired  and  rapidly  disap- 
peared before  the  onslaught  of  two  thousand  hungry 
people.  Three  hundred  bushels  of  clams  are  a  great 
deal,  however,  and  when  every  one  had  finished  there 
was  a  great  quantity  remaining.  The  tables  occupying 
an  acre  of  ground,  give  a  good  idea  of  the  proportions 
of  the  bake.  In  addition  to  the  tables  in  the  open  air, 
a  laro-e  number  of  invited  oruests  were  served  indoors. 

At  about  a  quarter  of  five  the  City  of  Richmond 
took  a  great  number  on  board  and  started  on  the  home- 
ward trip.  The  steamer  moved  out  and  passing  the 
back  side  of  Peak's  and  Cushing's  Islands,  turned 
around  Ram  Island  and  entered  the  harbor  by  the  ship 
channel.  Chandler's  band,  stationed  on  the  forward 
deck,  gave  a  delightful  concert,  although  the  music  was 
occasionally  drowned  by  the  deep  whistle  of  the  steamer 
responding  to  the  salutes  of  passing  vessels.  The  lines 
were  made  fast  at  Custom  House  wharf  at  just  half-past 
five. 

Among  those  who  attended  the  clam  bake  were 
Governor  Robie  and  members  of  his  staff.  Mayor 
Chapman,  Rev.  Phillips  Brooks,  Hon  J.  R.  Bodwell,  Dr. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  313 

A.  C.  Hamlin,  Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg,  General  Geo.  L. 
Beale,  Hon.  Roscoe  Bowers,  Aldermen  Beale,  Ricker 
and  Marks,  Councilmen  Gatley,  H.  P.  Dewey,  Trefethen, 
A.  G.  Dewey,  Roberts,  John  P.  Hobbs,  Esq.,  president 
of  the  Common  Council ;  City  Clerk  Burgess,  Hon. 
Charles  McLaughlin,  Geo.  S.  Hunt,  H.  H.  Burgess, 
Col.  H.  S.  Osgood,  Rev.  Dr.  E.  C.  Bolles,  of  Salem,  O. 
M.  Lord,  Rev.  Mr.  Hallock,  Cyrus  H.  Farley,  John  E. 
Dow,  Leander  W.  Fobes,  Col.  John  M.  Adams,  H.  W. 
Richardson,  County  Attorney  Seiders,  M.  N.  Rich,  H. 
H.  Emery,  Col.  E.  B.  Dow  and  others. 

EVENING  EXERCISES  AT  CITY  HALL. 

The  reception  by  the  Mayor  and  City  Council  at  City 
Hall  in  the  evening  was  well  attended. 

From  7.30  to  8.30  o'clock  Chandler's  Band,  stationed 
in  the  gallery  to  the  left  of  the  platform,  discoursed 
sweet  music.  Then  the  Committee  of  Reception  and 
the  invited  guests  of  the  city  took  seats  upon  the  plat_ 
form,  and  the  speaking  began.  Following  is  a  complete 
list  of  those  who  were  seated  upon  the  platform: 

Mayor  C.  J.  Chapman  and  wife.  Hon.  I.  Allen  Jack,  St.  John,  N.  B. 

Ex-Mayor  Charles  F.  Libby.  William  G.  Soule. 

Alderman  Whitman  Sawyer.  Alderman  Wm.  M.  Marks. 

John  P.  Hobbs,  President  of  the  Councilman  C.  N.  Lang. 

Common  Council.  D.  R.  Jack,  St.  John,  N.  B. 

Ex-Mayor  John  W.  Deering  and  Col.  F.  D.  Pullen,  Bangor, 

daughter.  George  S.  Hunt. 

Ex-Mayor  R.  M.  Richardson.  Cyrus  K.  Babb,  Boston. 

Ex-Mayor  M.  F.  King.  H.  J.  Libby. 

Hon.  John  J.  Perry.  George  G.  Rice,  Bangor. 

Judge  Henry  Carter,  Haverhill.  Henry  L.  Gregg,  Mayor  of  Hud- 
Major  Chas.  W.  Stevens,  Boston.         son,  N.  Y. 


314 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


Benj.  J.  Dodge,  President  Sons 
of  Maine,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Hon.  Horatio  King,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

George  L.  Reale,  Norway. 

Cliarles  B.  Rogers. 

Samuel  L.  Carleton. 

B.  Williams,  Mayor  of  Rockland, 

Gen.  James  A.  Hall,  Damaris- 
cotta. 

William  D.  Little. 

Gov.  Frederick  Robie. 

Dr.  A.  C.  Hamlin,  Bangor. 

Rev.  H.  P.  Winter. 

W.  G.  Kimball. 

Geo.  H.  Shirley,  Brooklyn. 

Augustus  F.  Gerrish. 

Oren  Ring. 

Hon.  T.  W.  Simonton,  of  the 
Camden  Herald. 

J.  J.  W.  Reeves,  Cambridge. 

Rev.  Dr.  J.  T.  P.  Ingraham,  St. 
Louis. 

Rev.  Asa  Dalton, 

Rev.  Joseph  F.  Elder,  d.  d.,  New 
York. 


Alderman  George  W.  Beale. 
Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg. 
Councilman  George  Trefethen. 
Rev.  Dr.  E.  C.  Bolles,  Salem. 
Rev.  Dr.  Phillips  Brooks,  Boston. 
Councilman  Augustus  B.  Brown. 
Councilman  Daniel  F.  Murphy. 
H.  S.  Trickey. 
Rt.  Rev.  H.  A.  Neely, 
Hon.  Charles  McLaughlin. 
George  E.  Hersey,  Boston. 
Richard    L.   Robinson,   Elizabeth, 

N.J. 
Hon.  William  Goold,  Windham. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Grosser. 
Mrs.    Lucretia    Baker,   New  York 

City. 
Councilman  A.  G.  Dewey. 
Hon.  O.  D.  Baker,  Att'y  General. 
George  W.  Merrill,  Bangor. 
Col.  H.  S.  Osgood  and  wife. 
Gen.  Horatio  C.  King,  New  York. 
Rev.    Hugh     S.    Carpenter,     New 

York. 
Col.  George  E.  Dole,  Bangor. 
Col.  W.  A.  R.  Boothby,  Waterville. 


Ex-Mayor  Charles  F.  Libby  presided,  and  the  several 
speakers  were  by  him  introduced  in  his  usual  graceful 
manner. 

The  first  speaker  of  the  evening  was  introduced  to 
the  audience  by  Mr.  Libby  in  the  following  words,  viz: 


Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : — This  centennial  celebration  of  the 
organization  of  Portland  as  an  independent  municipal  body  has 
brought  together  many  old  friends  and  former  citizens,  who  have 
been  identified  with  the  history  of  our  city  in  the  past.     It  has  been 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  ^515 

thought  that  a  few  words  from  some  of  these  earlier  workers  in  the 
vineyard  would  form  a  pleasing  feature  of  this  closing  meeting. 

My  services  tonight  would  almost  seem  surperHuous  as  it  is  hardly 
necessary  to  introduce  old  acquaintances,  and  the  duty  assigned  me 
has  this  troublesome  feature  that  it  is  accompanied  with  a  limitation 
of  time,  which  will  not  permit  me  to  call  up  many  from  whom  you 
would  be  glad  to  hear. 

We  have  with  us  tonight  a  gentleman  who,  for  many  years,  was  a 
citizen  of  Portland  and  had  editorial  charge  of  one  of  its  leading 
newspapers.  Although  he  has  been  away  from  us  nearly  thirty  years 
he  is  still  well  and  pleasantly  remembered  by  many  of  our  citizens. 
I  have  great  pleasure  in  introducing  to  you,  Hon.  Henry  Carter  of 
Haverhill,  Mass. 

hon.  henry  carter's  remarks. 
Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

In  the  words  of  a  speaker  last  Sunday,  I  sympathize  with  you  and 
hope  you  sympathize  with  me  at  this  late  stage  of  these  proceedings, 
so  successful  and  so  brilliant  up  to  this  time,  to  be  called  upon  to 
make  a  speech,  when  I  am  tempted  to  say  so  many  things,  at  tlie 
same  time  my  judgment  tells  me  I  must  cut  them  short.  .Some 
months  ago  I  read  an  extract  from  a  speech  by  Senator  Frye,  in 
which,  among  other  bright  and  sparkling  things,  he  said  they  had  a 
forest  in  Maine  in  which  they  could  place  the  whole  commonwealth 
of  Massachusetts  and  they  would  need  guides  to  find  their  way  out. 
In  reply,  I  would  say  that  those  of  us  who  have  resided  in  Maine, 
and  especially  those  who  have  resided  in  Portland,  need  no  guide  to 
find  our  way  back  especially  on  such  an  occasion  as  this.  My 
residence  has  been  in  another  State  for  about  thirty  years.  A 
portion  of  that  time  I  was  too  busy  to  return  but  ever  since  I  have 
been  in  the  habit  of  coming  here  almost  annually. 

My  memory  of  Portland  extends  back  to  1830,  when  the  legis- 
lature sat  here  in  two  buildings  occupying  very  nearly  this  site.  I 
remember  the  famous  campaign  of  1840,  and  that  wonderful  speech 
of  Gen.  James  Wilson  in  old  Exchange  Hall.  I  remember  the 
campaign  of  forty-four  when  that  wonderful  orator,  Sargent  S. 
Prentiss,  gave  us  a  noble  speech  from  the  portico  of  Old  City  Hall 
to  an   audience  packing  the  whole  square  and  all  windows  witliin 


316  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

hearing.  I  shall  never  forget  the  metaphor  he  used  on  that 
occasion :  "  The  opposition  newspapers "  said  he,  "  are  literally 
clothed  with  lies  as  with  a  garment  !  They  put  them  on  as  a 
Dutchman  does  his  breeches,  six  or  seven  pairs  at  a  time,"  Mr.  W. 
P.  Fessenden  asked  him  the  next  morning  where  he  got  that  dual 
metaphor  and  he  said  he  never  heard  of  it.  Never  thought  of  it 
until  the  moment,  and  then  it  came  to  him  like  a  split  bullet,  one- 
half  a  little  before  the  other.  This  was  the  way  he  conversed  and  it 
shows  the   wonderful  inspiration  that  was  over  him  at  the  time. 

During  the  ten  years  that  I  resided  in  Portland,  it  was  warm 
political  times.  Parties  were  breaking  up  and  discussions  were  warm 
and  bitter.  Editors  of  that  day  were  identified  with  their  paper. 
The  editor  could  not  hide  behind  the  editorial  "we."  They  were 
known  and  held  responsible.  Greeley,  of  the  Tribune^  Raymond,  of 
the  Jwies,  Webb,  of  the  Courier,  Houghton  and  Schouler,  of  the 
Atlas,  Green,  of  the  Post,  and  here  in  this  city  were  Holden  and 
Kingsbury  of  the  Arg7is,  Poor,  of  the  State  of  Maine,  and  Carter,  of 
the  Advertiser.  The  discussions  Avere  far  more  personal  than  at  the 
present  time,  and,  as  Mr.  Dow  has  said,  I  will  express  no  opinion  as 
to  which  is  the  better,  but  simply  record  the  facts.  But  still  it  has 
given  me  great  pleasure  when  I  have  returned  here  to  meet  not  only 
my  old  political  friends,  but  I  have  been  delighted  at  the  greeting  by 
my  old  political  opponents.  Put  what  gave  me  the  most  pleasure 
was  to  be  called  upon  just  before  the  election  of  Lincoln,  to  speak 
and  meet  upon  the  same  platform,  identified  with  the  same  party,  my 
old  opponents — Holden  and  Kingsbury.  That  shows  what  wonder- 
ful changes  come  about  in  the  political  world  as  well  as  in  other 
matters. 

One  year  when  I  was  identified  with  the  Portland  Advertiser,  I 
was  also  Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court  and  I  think  I  had  an  expe- 
rience which  no  other  judge  ever  had,  and  as  it  made  an  impression 
upon  me  and  upon  the  community,  I  cannot  refrain  from  alluding  to 
it.  In  my  ofiice  one  day,  I  was  notified  that  I  was  wanted  at  the 
court  room  where  I  went  and  found  the  room  filled  with  the  tem- 
perance men  opposed  to  Neal  Dow.  There  had  been  a  petition  for 
more  law.  It  was  said  that  judges  and  magistrates  didn't  issue 
warrants  when  they  ought  to,  and  they  had  obtained  the  passage  of  a 
law  that  whenever   three  voters  made  oath  that  a  man  had  liquor 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  317 

with  the  intent  to  sell,  a  warrant  for  seizure  should  issue  at  once. 
There  was  no  discretion  left  with  the  magistrate.  I  found  my  room 
lined  with  men  opposed  to  Neal  Dow  and  his  execution  of  the  law. 
I  took  my  seat  and  a  complaint  was  handed  me  and  three  men 
stepped  up  and  made  oath  against  Neal  Dow  for  having  liquor  in  his 
possession  with  intent  to  sell  it  illegally.  It  has  always  been  said  of 
Mr.  Dow  as  of  some  other  men  that  he  would  be  a  very  clever  man 
if  he  would  let  rum  alone.  I  had  no  discretion  in  the  matter.  Mr. 
Dow  had  left  me  no  discretion  by  the  law,  and  he  became  the  first 
victim.  He  was  hoisted  by  his  own  petard.  I  think  he  was  the  only 
victim  of  that  provision  of  the  law.  I  had  to  make  out  the  warrant 
and  issue  it ;  but  I  didn't  know  about  the  constable  and  so  delayed 
matters  until  I  could  send  for  Mr.  Ring  and  put  the  matter  into  his 
hands.  But  I  will  not  pursue  the  subject  further  as  I  shall  get  into 
the  riot  with  which  we  are  all  familiar.  I  will  close  by  simply 
expressing  to  you  my  great  thanks  for  the  opportunity  of  meeting 
and  addressing  you.  I  desire  to  congratulate  the  Mayor  and  the 
citizens  of  Portland  on  the  great  success  of  the  celebration.  I  have 
always  had  the  kindliest  feelings  for  Portland.  When  your  base-ball 
club  comes  to  Haverhill  I  want  them  to  beat  as  often  as  the  Haver- 
hills  do,  or  else  they  shall  be  draw  games.     (Applause). 

Mr.  Libby  then  said: 

My  early  recollections  of  State  Street  church  are  associated  with 
one  who,  during  the  early  years  of  its  history,  ministered  to  its  people 
with  signal  ability  and  success.  His  eloquent  voice  has  often  been 
heard  in  our  midst,  but  much  too  seldom  in  these  latter  years.  I  am 
introducing  to  you  an  old  friend  when  I  present  the  Rev.  Hugh  S. 
Carpenter,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

REV.    HUGH    S.    carpenter's    REMARKS. 

I  think  you  have  had  about  enough  oratory,  enough  poetry,  enough 
marching,  and  some  of  you,  probably,  enough  clams.  [Laughter.]  I 
think  Portland  has  been  well  praised,  perhaps  too  much,  for  when 
they  proceed  to  lather  a  man  to  his  face  I  always  think  they  are 
going  to  shave  him.  [Laughter.]  It  does  seem  sometimes  as  if  the 
extravagant  affection  of  the  children  of  this  blessed  mother  was    a 


818  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

little  troublesome  and  teasing.  A  mother  is  very  fond  of  having  her 
children  tell  her  how  much  they  love  her,  but  I  think  perhaps  today 
she  has  said:  "Well,  I  know  it;  don't  come  hanging  over  me,  for 
I  am  so  hot."  [Laughter.] 

It  is  true  that  those  of  us  who  come  back  after  an  interval  can 
best  appreciate  the  rapid  strides  and  extensive  improvements  of  a 
town  like  this.  I  see  great  growth  in  its  outskirts  and  great  beauty 
in  its  houses  as  I  never  saw  before,  and  both  promenades  are  now 
worthy  of  the  highest  praise.  I  see  changes  not  only  on  the  face  of 
nature,  but  in  individual  development.  I  see  great  progress  made 
in  our  representative  in  Congress  as  I  noticed  him  this  morning  and 
heard  his  eloquence,  for  when  I  knew  him  here  he  was  a  lad  and 
very  slender.  [Applause.]  And  he  was,  if  I  remember,  somewhat 
freckled,  but  they  do  say  that  freckles  in  youth  make  very  fair  per- 
sonality in  later  life,  and  I  hope  you  have  found  out  that  he  is 
making  a  fair  representative  for  you.  [Applause.]  At  the  same 
time  he  has  become  so  broad  in  his  statesmanship  and  so  stout  in 
patriotism  that  if  bye  and  bye  you  shall  send  him  to  the  Senate  he 
must  take  the  place  of  the  big  man  of  the  Senate  who  has  just 
passed  away.  [Great  applause.]  At  all  events  I  congratulate  you 
upon  your  prospects  in  this  city  as  a  part  of  the  prospects  of  this  land. 
Maine,  I  believe,  has  never  yet  elected  a  President  of  the  United 
States,  but  perhaps  she  may  some  day.  [Applause.]  Portland  has  its 
own  native  charms  and  its  great  culture,  and  w'e  cannot  help  believing 
that  it  is  destined  to  be  a  leading  power,  fully  realizing  the  motto  of 
the  State,  "Dirigo" — I  direct.  Who  can  stand  on  these  eminences, 
who  can  stand  by  the  brow  of  these  continents  here  uplifted  and 
look  down  the  slope  of  its  whole  extent  to  where  its  feet  are  laved  in 
the  South  Pacific,  of  its  unity  in  variety  and  the  symmetry  of  its 
development?  Bye  and  bye  there  will  be  but  one  country  on  this 
continent ;  bye  and  bye,  it  is  clear  to  our  eyes  that  little  flaxen-haired 
Canada  as  the  head  will  take  its  rich,  curling  locks,  and  then  the 
broad  chest  of  the  interior,  the  Middle  States,  will  be  further 
developed  both  in  intelligence  and  athletic  strength;  and  then  the 
arms  east  and  west  that  stretch  out  will  become  brawny  and 
vigorous ;  and  then  the  hot  central  life  of  the  interior  further  south 
will    come  in  as  the  extremities,  until  this  whole  continent  as  one 


CENTENNIAL    CP:LEBRATI0N.  319 

shall  stand  in  its  manhood,  in  its  sense  of  right  recognizing  the  God 
who  made  it  and  the  people  who  constitute  it.  Then  will  it  turn  in 
its  manhood  to  that  old  world  where  new  life  is  breeding,  wliere  they 
are  studying  house-keeping  and  home  rule.  Then  will  there  be 
wooing  and  soon  will  there  be  actual  betrothal  and  espousal.  Then 
time  will  put  its  golden  ring  around  the  world  and  make  one  country, 
in  which  there  is  one  God,  one  liberty,  one  manhood,  a  cosmopoly, 
at  which  time  it  shall  be  said,  "what  hath  God  wrought  and  what 
God  hath  joined  together  let  not  man  put  asunder." 

Who  can  stand  in  the  midst  of  this  loveliness,  can  watch  the 
progress  of  the  community,  who  can  behold  it  and  not  believe  that 
there  is  a  perfect  world  somewhere.  There  shall  come  a  day, 
there  must  come  a  day  when  the  earth  shall  be  emancipated,  for  in 
these  few  years  if  these  feeble  and  partial  powers,  with  all  the  draw- 
backs and  all  the  hinderances  which  we  have  here  in  the  terrestrial 
state,  we  still  go  forward,  are  our  fathers,  who  began  it,  never  to  see 
it  in  its  crystal  clearness?  I  think  man's  progress  is  the  proof  of 
man's  immortallity?  I  insist  upon  it  that  the  progress  of  nations  in 
the  evolution  of  communities  shows  that  there  is  to  be  a  world 
without  death,  a  time  without  crime,  a  race  without  corruption  and  a 
glory  without  shame.  Let  that  be  the  theme  of  your  expectation, 
and  let  your  gratitude  to  Him  who  is  above  us  all  go  as  far  as  the 
heavens  while  it  glistens  on  the  earth.     [Applause.] 

Mr.  Libby  then  introduced  the  next  speaker,  as 
follows : 

I  begin  to  feel  as  if  I  must  be  getting  along  in  years  myself,  for 
this  centennial  anniversary  brings  home  faces  which  were  known  to 
me  in  my  school  days  of  more  than  thirty  years  ago.  We  have  with 
us  to-night  a  distinguished  divine,  who  was  born  in  our  midst,  and 
whom  I  first  remember  as  a  member  of  the  Portland  High  School,  of 
the  class  of  1856.  As  one  of  the  youngest  pupils  in  the  school,  I 
then  looked  up  to  him  with  great  respect,  a  feeling  which  still 
remains  unchanged. 

I  have  great  pleasure  in  presenting  to  you  Rev.  Joseph  F.  Elder, 
of  New  York  City. 


320  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

REV.    JOSEPH    F.    elder's    REMARKS. 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : 

My  foot  is  on  my  native  heath  tonight.  I  can  narrow  down  that 
hymn  which  has  been  written  for  the  country  at  large  and  apply  it  all 
to  my  own  State,  and  say : 

"  I  love  thy  rocks  and  rills, 
Thy  woods  and  templed  hills  ; 
My  heart  with  rapture  thrills, 
Like  that  above." 

I  love  this  old  town,  and  in  heat  and  cold  I  am  ready  to  press 
forward  among  the  sons  and  daughters  and  lay  my  tribute  of  praise, 
my  chaplet  of  affection  in  her  lap.  My  interest  in  this  town  and  in 
this  occasion  is  very  largely  as  a  schoolboy,  rather  than  a  citizen.  I 
never  cast  a  vote  in  this  city.  When  I  left  the  High  School,  I  went 
to  college  and  have  been  hardly  more  than  a  visitor  to  this  city  for 
the  last  thirty  years;  but  I  have  been  here  every  year  since,  with 
one  or  two  exceptions,  and  always  with  the  most  affectionate  regard 
for  the  old  home. 

My  schoolboy  recollections  date  back  something  like  forty  years, 
when  I  was  a  little  shaver  going  to  school  on  the  corner  of  Danforth 
and  Tyng  streets,  in  a  little,  old  wooden  house  that  might  have  been 
taken  for  a  section  of  a  rope  walk,  but  which  has  been  replaced  by 
one  of  the  more  pretentious  residences  of  that  locality.  I  recollect 
of  attending  the  Park  street  grammar  school  under  Master  Jackson, 
over  whose  remains  in  the  Western  Cemetery  is  the  granite  monu- 
ment. I  have  not  a  very  clear  recollection  of  the  old  man's  face, 
but  he  wrote  my  name  in  one  of  my  text  books  which  I  have 
scrupulously  kept  since.  They  used  to  teach  us  to  write  in  those 
days.  I  can  see  him  now  very  distinctly,  going  around  with  a  bundle 
of  quills  under  his  arm,  sharpening  a  quill,  while  once  in  a  while  he 
would  take  a  boy  by  the  ear  and  vigorously  snap  his  head.  The 
door  was  locked  until  after  morning  prayers  and  then  we  late  ones 
were  let  in.  I  use  "we"  in  the  editorial  sense,  but  going  in  on  a 
stinging  cold  morning  and  getting  the  ferrule  applied  to  your  hand 
was  something  to  be  remembered. 

But  what  shall  I  say  of  the  old  school  house  upon  Spring  street, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  321 

Standing  yet,  although  turned  into  a  school  of  lower  grade.  Then 
the  entrance  was  in  the  front.  I  went  to  that  school  just  after 
Master  Libby  had  ceased  his  labors.  In  the  interregnum  between 
Master  Libby  and  Master  Lyford,  the  school  was  taught  by  William 
Law  Symonds,  to  whom  allusion  was  made  this  morning  and  whose 
untimely  death  was  a  matter  of  public  regret.  There  was  the  old 
desk,  long  since  disappeared,  and  the  old  bulkhead,  sometimes  half 
open,  down  by  which  we  used  to  crouch,  and  when  hidden  from  the 
teacher's  eye,  we  would  slip  up  to  the  corner  of  High  street  and 
play  marbles.  But  that  all  disappeared  and  with  the  coming  of 
Master  Lyford  there  was  a  new  era.  I  am  not  very  familiar  with  the 
subsequent  history  of  the  Portland  High  School,  but  I  would  not  be 
afraid  to  challenge  comparison  of  the  six  years  of  Master  Lyford  in 
the  school  with  all  the  years  that  followed.  When  he  left  it  was  a 
model  school,  and  I  am  glad  here  to-night  to  lay  my  tribute  of  praise 
at  his  feet. 

As  your  chairman  stated,  I  belonged  to  the  class  of  '56,  which  has 
been  highly  honored  on  the  platform  today,  for  both  your  orator  and 
poet  came  from  that  class.  The  class  was  small.  Tom  Reed,  Joe 
Symonds  and  I  and  one  or  two  others  used  to  get  together  and  roll 
out  the  raggedest  kind  of  Greek  roots  to  one  another.  After  a  time- 
we  were  ambitious  to  have  an  original  Greek  dialogue.  Tom  Reed 
was  Jupiter,  Joe  Symonds  was  Neptune,  Al  Cross  was  Rhadamanthus 
and  I  was  Pluto.  I  think  so  far  as  Tom  Reed  was  concerned,  it  was 
a  kind  of  unconscious  prophecy,  for  he  has  taken  his  place  among 
the  Olympian  gods,  a  worthy  Jupiter,  as  you  saw  today.  I  can 
scarcely  see  the  connection  between  Joe  Symonds  and  Neptune,  but 
if  we  had  put  him  in  as  Rhadamanthus,  the  Judge  that  knew  all 
things,  the  prophecy  would  be  complete. 

I  think  too  little  has  been  said  in  regard  to  the  public  schools  of 
Portland.  If  I  was  to  speak  at  length  tonight  it  would  be  for  tliese 
schools — what  they  are  doing  for  the  young  men  and  women  of  this- 
city.  In  supporting  such  a  High  School  as  you  have  in  this  city, 
you  are  doing  a  great  and  glorious  work,  by  giving  the  young  men 
and  women  an  opportunity  for  a  large  and  broad  education,  without 
which,  a  great  many  boys  fall  into  the  purely  mechanical  occupations. 
I  am  not  saying  anything  against  them,  but  they  take  up  with  the 
ordinary  forms  of  life  work  because  they  don't  know  any  other  and 
21 


322  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

have  no  ambition  for  any  other.  Keep  a  boy  or  girl  at  their  books 
until  the  mind  and  intelligence  is  awakened  and  ambition  is 
quickened,  until  they  see  what  they  are  made  for,  and  they  will  in 
the  end,  most  likely,  turn  to  it  as  the  needle  turns  to  the  pole.  The 
boy  is  a  good  deal  like  the  carrier  pigeon ;  when  you  let  him  loose, 
his  circles  grow  wider  and  wider,  until  he  perceives  the  way  to  his 
destination.  Let  the  boy's  mind  widen  and  widen  and  bye  and  bye 
he  sees  what  God  intended  him  for,  and  he  will  go  for  it  with  a 
purpose  that  will  give  directness  and  success  to  his  aim. 

I  wish  the  subject  of  education  might  receive  a  fresh  impetus.  It 
is  a  saddening  thought,  though  a  trite  one,  that  there  is  not  one  of 
us  in  this  room  that  will  be  present  a  hundred  years  hence.  The 
orator  for  the  next  centennial  is  not  to  be  born  for  fifty  years  to 
come  but  you  can  begin  to  mould  your  orator  and  poet  for  that 
occasion. 

I  was  sitting  on  the  piazza  in  the  country  the  other  evening  and 
within  sight,  three  or  four  miles  out,  the  New  York  boat  passed.  A 
little  later  I  heard  the  regular  wash  of  the  surf  upon  the  beach  below 
the  house.  It  was  the  swash  of  the  steamer  that  had  long  since 
passed  out  of  sight;  the  momentum  it  had  communicated  the  water 
of  the  quiet  bay  was  making  itself  felt  on  the  shore.  You  can  make 
the  impulse  to  the  influences  that  are  to  shape  and  mould  the  forces 
which  shall  be  gathered  up  for  your  pride  and  boast  a  hundred  years 
to  come.  The  law  of  heredity  and  natural  selection  is  working  for 
the  men  and  women  who  are  to  take  the  leading  places  in  this  com- 
munity when  another  century  shall  roll  around. 

Take  the  boy  today  who  gives  little  promise  of  any  future  great- 
ness, who  seems  to  be  hardly  worth  educating,  and  instead  of  putting 
him  into  a  store  or  teaching  him  a  trade,  be  patient  and  give  him  an 
education,  and  his  son  will  have  more' ability ;  and  his  children's 
children  will  have  a  degree  of  intelligence  that  will  fit  them  to 
become  the  progenitors  of  those  who  are  greater  and  mightier  than 
their  fathers.  He  may  become  the  progenitor  of  the  patriot  upon 
whom  the  country  will  lean  in  the  hour  of  peril. 

All  we  can  do  is  to  do  our  best  for  the  generation  we  are  serving 
now.  Put  into  it  whatever  God  has  given  us  of  strength,  knowledge, 
intelligence  and  wisdom,  and  leave  the  result  with  Him  and  it  will  be 
found  as  the  century  rolls  round  that  the  seed  and  germs  of  what 
will  be  your  pride  in  that  hour  were  planted,  perchance,  today. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  323 

Mr.  Libby's  introduction  of  the  next  speaker  was  as 
follows : 

The  name  of  King  is  identified  with  the  history  of  our  city,  and 
has  been  an  honored  name  in  our  State  and  Nation. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  presenting  to  you  a  distinguished  repre- 
sentative of  this  family  once  a  resident  of  this  city,  who  has  been 
identified  with  our  national  government,  Hon.  Horatio  King,  ex-Post- 
master General,  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

HON.    HORATIO    KING's    REMARKS. 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  : 

Allow  me  to  say  that  I  came  to  this  city  from  my  native  town  of 
Paris,  bringing  my  printing  establishment  of  the  Jeffersonian  in 
May,  1833  ;  and  I  continued  the  publication  of  my  paper  here  until 
January,  1838,  when  I  sold  out  to  the  proprietors  of  the  Standard^ 
then  edited  by  Mr.  John  F.  Hartley,  afterwards,  for  many  years,  an 
efficient  officer  of  the  treasury  department  at  Washington. 

A  day  or  two  ago  I  sat  down  to  recall  the  names  of  the  citizens 
best  known  to  me  during  that  period,  and  it  was  startling  to  see  how 
many  of  them  had  passed  to  the  Silent  Land.  I  ran  off  a  list  of 
them,  and  here  it  is  —  over  fifty  —  starting  with  the  names  of  William 
Pitt  Preble  and  Ashur  Ware,  who  I  may  truly  say  were  my  foster- 
fathers,  for  each  was  to  me  emphatically  "guide,  philosopher  and 
friend."  Hardly  less  near  to  me  were  Nathaniel  Mitchell  and  John 
L.  Megquier.  I  shall  not  detain  you  by  reading  the  list.  Alas ! 
Only  here  and  there  among  the  living  can  I  see  or  hear  of  but  a  very 
few  others  whom  I  may  claim  as  old  acquaintances  :  Wm.  Pitt  Preble, 
Ashur  Ware,  J.  L.  Megquier,  Nathaniel  Mitchell,  Zenas  Libby,  John 
Anderson,  Gen.  Fessenden,  William  Pitt  Fessenden,  Thos.  A.  Deblois, 
R.  A.  L.  Codman,  Urs.  Mighels,  Clark  and  Gilman,  Wm.  H.  Codman, 
Seba  Smith,  Samuel  Coleman,  Ezra  Holden,  Charles  B.  Smith, 
Thomas  Todd,  F.  O.  J.  Smith,  Charles  Q.  Clapp,  John  Appleton, 
Nicholas  Emery,  Charles  Holden,  John  Neal,  St.  John  Smith,  J.  B. 
Brown,  S.  B.  Beckett,  Eben  Steele,  Abner  Lowell,  John  Yeaton, 
David  Drinkwater,  H.  H.  Boody,  Luther  Jewett,  Nathaniel  Jewett, 
Revs.    Dr.    Nichols   and   Jason  Whitman,  Wm.  Goodenow,  Nathan 


324  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Winslow,  James  Furbush,  Albert  Smith,  A.  H.  Putney,  H.  J.  Little, 
Wm.  E.  Edwards,  Charles  Codman,  Arthur  Shirley,  James  Brooks, 
Judge  Potter,  Gen.  John  Chandler,  Stephen  Longfellow ;  over  fifty 
familiar  names  of  those  among  whom  I  was  best  acquainted,  all 
gone. 

In  my  finely  illustrated  card  of  invitation,  observing  that  special 
care  had  been  taken  to  signalize  the  great  stride  made  in  the  post 
office  and  mail  facilities  here  within  the  last  century,  I  took  it  as  a 
hint  to  me,  should  I  be  called  on  to  say  a  few  words  on  the  subject, 
since  twenty-two  years — from  March,  1839,  to  March,  1861 — of  the 
best  part  of  my  life  have  been  devoted  to  the  service  of  the  post 
office,  saying  nothing  of  the  interest  I  have  ever  since  taken  in  its 
progress  and  improvement.  I  do  not  know  whether  the  humble  one- 
story  building  in  the  distance  is  intended  to  represent  the  post  office 
of  1786  or  not,  but  the  mail  carrier  is  evidently  making  his  roundabout 
way  thither,  or  possibly  to  some  nearer,  no  more  pretentious  house  to 
deliver  the  mail ;  and  no  one  can  mistake  his  occupation  nor  fail  to 
mark  the  great  difference  between  such  a  building  and  your  present 
substantial  post  office.  Could  I  have  availed  myself  of  records  I 
have  at  home,  I  might  have  been  able  to  present  some  interesting 
facts  touching  the  post  office  more  than  I  do  now.  It  is  of  record 
that,  as  early  as  17 11,  the  mail  was  carried  weekly  between  Boston 
and  Maine,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  service  was  made  by  horse- 
back then  and  for  many  years  afterwards,  as  it  appears  that  an  act 
was  passed  on  the  7th  of  September,  1785,  authorizing  the  mail  to 
be  carried  in  stage  coaches.  I  am  not  prepared  to  say  how  often 
the  mail  was  carried  to  and  from  Falmouth  in  1786.  Doubtless  this 
information  may  be  found  in  Willis'  history  of  Portland. 

I  have  obtained  from  the  Post  Office  Department,  the  following 
ofificial  record  in  regard  to  the  post  office  at  Falmouth,  Casco  Bay, 
showing  that  Samuel  Freeman  was  charged  with  balance  due  the 
department — 

For  quarter  ending  Jan.  5,  1776,  £,\    14s  2d 

Receipts  same  c]uarter,  2     2     8  1-2 

For  quarter  ending  April  5,  1776 — Receipts,  382 

Balance  due,  2146  1-2 

For  quarter  ending  July  5,  1776 — Receipts,  2  10     73-4 

Balance  due,  2     o     61-4 

For  quarter  ending  April  5,  1782 — Balance  due,  272 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  325 

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  1789,  he  (F"reeman)  is  credited  with  paying 
Richard  Kimball,  £(i,  9s.  3d.,  in  full  for  carrying  the  mail  to  Oct.  i, 
1789,  but  from  what  date  it  is  not  stated. 

The  name  of  the  office  first  appears  as  "Portland"  in  the 
appointment  of  Postmaster,  Feb.  i6tii,  1790,  as  follows: 

POST   OFFICE   AT    PORTLAND,   CUMHERLAND   COTNTY,    MAINE. 

Date  of  Date  of 

Postmasters.  Appointment.  Postmasters.  Appointment. 

Samuel  Freeman,  16  Feb.,  1790.  Nathan  L.  Woodbury,  2  April,    1S45. 

Thomas  M.  Prentiss,  i  July,  11804.  Joshua  Dunn,  5  May,  1S49. 

Joshua  Wingate,  jr.,  20  P'eb.,  1S05.  Nathan  L.  Woodbury,  i  April,    1S53. 

James  Wingate,  9  Aug.,  1805.  Samuel  Jordan,  i  April,  1S57. 

Robert  Ilsley,  j  June,  1815.  Andrew  T.  Dole,  8  April,  1861. 

Nathaniel  Low,  3  Dec,  182S.  Woodbury  Davis,  19  Dec,  1865. 

Nathaniel  Mitchell,  9  April,  1829.  Chas.  W.  C'.oddard,  7  Oct.,  1871. 

Thomas  Todd,  8  Dec,  1834.  Clark  H.  liarker,  6  Feb.,  1884. 

Nathaniel  Mitchell,  4  Sept.,  1840.  Joshua  S.  Palmer,  6  July,  1885. 

Sylvanus  R.  Lyman,  4  May,  1841. 

The  President  then  introduced  the  next  speaker  in 
the  following  words: 

There  is  another  in  the  line  of  gifted  men  who  have  ministered  to 
the  spiritual  and  intellectual  wants  of  our  city,  who  is  too  well  known 
to.need  an  introduction  at  my  hands.  I  know  you  will  be  glad  to 
hear  from  the  Rev.  Edwin  C.  BoUes  of  Salem,  Mass. 

Mr.  Bolles   responded  in   a  few  brief  remarks.     He 

said: 

I  saw  Portland  during  the  exciting  scenes  of  the  war.  I  have 
been  a  partaker  of  its  revival  and  restored  fortunes.  I  owe  much  to 
this  city.  It  was  in  it  that  I  made  my  first  trial  and  experience  in 
my  profession,  and  it  was  here  I  got  my  wife.  I  bid  you  farewell, 
assuring  you  that  your  interests  are  always  mine  and  dearest  to  my 
heart. 

Mr.  Libby  then  introduced  to  the  audience  a  dis- 
tinguished divine  residing  in  Boston,  in  the  following 
remarks : 

It  is  with  great  pleasure  that  I  am  able  to  present  to  you  tonight 


326  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

one  who  by  his  ancestry  is  closely  connected  with  our  city,  whose 
grandfather  was  one  of  our  first  selectmen,  and  whose  father  was 
born  and  bred  upon  our  soil.  We  should  have  been  glad  to  claim 
the  son  as  "to  the  manor  born,"  but  while  this  is  not  the  case  we 
still  have  a  claim  upon  his  regard  through  the  local  ties  which  bind 
us  all  to  the  spot  where  our  kindred  are  buried.  I  present  to  you 
Rev.  Phillips  Brooks,  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Mr.   Brooks  spoke  for  about  five  minutes  with  that 

rapid  and  burning  eloquence  for  which  he  is  so  noted. 

He  said  that  in  passing  through  the  streets  today,  he  had  seen 
upon  the  walls  of  many  of  the  houses  that  Portland  welcomed  iier 
sons  and  daughters,  and  knowing  himself  to  be  neither  one  nor  the 
other,  he  wondered  if  he  had  any  business  here.  He  said  he  was  a 
grandson  of  Portland,  for  she  was  a  mother  to  his  father.  He  said 
the  life  of  individuals  is  measured  by  decades,  the  life  of  cities  by 
centuries  and  of  nations  by  longer  periods.  A  hundred  years  in  the 
life  of  a  city  is  but  the  beginning.  Portland  is  but  a  young  stripling 
and  she  is  to  be  congratulated  today,  not  simply  for  what  she  has 
done  but  because  it  gives  great  promise  for  the  future.  Mr.  Brooks 
paid  a  fine  compliment  to  the  oration  of  Mr.  Reed  in  the  forenoon. 

Mr.  Libby  then  said: 

We  are  honored  tonight  by  the  presence  of  a  representative  from 
the  city  of  St.  John.  He  comes  here  not  merely  as  the  representa- 
tive of  a  city  with  which  we  have  intimate  commercial  and  friendly 
relations,  but  as  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  early  merchants  of 
Falmouth,  whose  name  is  still  borne  by  many  of  our  citizens.  I 
take  great  pleasure  in  introducing  to  you,  the  Honorable  Isaac  Allen 
Jack,  Registrar  and  Deputy  Mayor  of  the  city  of  St.  John. 

Mr.  Jack's  remai-ks  were  brief. 

He  related  how  his  ancestor,  Thomas  Wyer,  who  was  a 
Royalist,  left  Falmouth  in  a  schooner  and  sailed  to  the  province 
of  New  Brunswick,  and  took  up  his  residence  at  St.  Andrews. 
The  speaker  said,  just  before  he  came  away  he  received  a  letter 
from  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Wyer,  a  lady  now  past  eighty 
years    of    age,    in    which    she    expressed    her    regret    at    inability 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  327 

to  attend  Portland's  centennial  celebration.  Toward  the  close  of  his 
remarks  the  speaker  alluded  to  the  fisher^'  matters  and  said  he  was 
satisfied  that  so  far  as  his  fellow-citizens  were  concerned,  they  desire 
the  closest  commercial  relations  with  Maine  and  the  other  New 
England  States. 

Gen.  King,  of  New  York,  was  the  next  speaker  and 

was  introduced  by  Mr.  Libby  as  follows: 

We  have  with  us  tonight  a  representative  of  a  younger  generation 
of  the  King  family,  who  early  left  his  native  State  to  win  distinction 
elsewhere.  As  a  valiant  soldier  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  he 
maintained  the  honor  of  our  State,  and  has  won  fresh  laurels  in 
civil  life  in  the  Empire  State  where  he  resides.  I  take  pleasure  in 
presenting  to  you  Gen.  Horatio  C.  King,  of  New  York. 

REMARKS  OF  GEN.  HORATIO  C.  KING,  OF  NEW  YORK. 

I  esteem  it,  Mr.  Chairman  and  fellow-citizens  of  Portland,  a  very 
high  honor  and  privilege  to  be  present  as  a  guest  of  this  beautiful 
city  and  to  be  invited  to  assist  in  the  celebration  of  its  centennial 
anniversary.  It  was  my  good  fortune  to  be  born  here  a  little  less 
than  half  a  century  ago,  and  it  was  not  my  fault  that,  at  a  very  early 
age,  when  I  was  too  young  to  resist,  I  was  carried  an  infant  in  arms 
by  my  parents  to  Washington  City.  But  for  this  intrusion  upon  my 
liberty  of  action,  I  might  have  remained  to  this  day  a  citizen  of  the 
city  of  my  nativity.  It  is  a  peculiar  pleasure  for  me  to  address  you 
from  the  same  platform  with  my  honored  father,  to  whom  the 
adjective  venerable  does  not  apply.  He  belongs  to  the  young-old 
men  upon  whom  age  sits  lightly,  and  who  wears  with  grace  and 
happiness,  the  honors  of  a  very  active,  useful,  well-spent  life. 
Although  I  have  not  been  continuously  with  you,  my  frequent  visits 
here  have  given  me  full  opportunity  to  enjoy  the  generous  hospitality 
which  is  characteristic  of  your  people.  I  cannot,  as  have  some  who 
have  already  spoken,  entertain  you  with  personal  reminiscences, 
unless  it  be  the  recollection  of  my  boyhood  vacations  here,  when 
corn-husking,  quilting  bees  and  kissing  parties  made  the  time  pass 
merrily. 

I  am  told  that  these  wholesome  frolics  have,  to  a  very  great  extent, 
gone  out  of  fashion.     If  this  is  so,  it  may  account  in  some  degree 


328  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

for  the  emigration  to  the  West  and  other  sections  of  our  land  of  so 
many  of  your  young  men.  I  have  met  them  in  all  parts  of  the 
country,  but  wherever  found  they  bear  with  them  sweet  recollections 
of  their  native  State,  and  do  it  honor  in  every  walk  of  life. 

In  the  second  year  of  the  war  it  fell  to  me  to  receive  several  of 
the  Maine  regiments  and  to  be  associated  with  them  in  the  grand 
and  successful  struggle  for  our  second  independence.  And  no  better 
regiments  or  braver  men  ever  did  battle  for  the  right.  They  stood 
gallantly  where 

"  Shriek  of  shot  and  scream  of  shell 
And  bellowing  of  the  mortar  " 

made  hideous  pandemonium.  And  when  the  grand  victory  was  won, 
the  decimated  ranks  returned  home  with  their  banners  torn  and 
tattered,  but  unsullied. 

There  are  others  to  follow  me.  and  as  the  great  heat  and  the 
speeches  of  those  who  have  preceded  me  seem  to  have  had  a  moi'ing 
effect  upon  the  audience,  I  will  give  way,  lest  none  be  left  to  listen. 
I  thank  you  for  this  cordial  reception,  and  shall  always  recall  with 
unqualified  pleasure  the  enjoyment  of  this  magnificent  celebration. 

The  closing  speaker  was  introduced  by  Mr.  Libby  in 
the  following  words : 

Many  of  our  Portland  boys  have  been  led  in  early  manhood  to 
leave  their  home  in  search  of  larger  fields  of  usefulness. 

Wherever  they  have  gone  they  have  made  an  honorable  name  for 
■themselves,  and  always  retain,  I  find,  a  love  for  their  early  home. 
The  good  old  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  has  many  of  our 
sons  within  her  borders  who  have  honored  her,  and  whom  she  has 
seen  fit  to  honor. 

Allow  me  to'present  to  you  a  Portland  boy  of  a  generation  ago. 
Major  Charles  W.  Stevens  of  Boston. 

MAJOR  Stevens'  address. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gen'jlemen  of  the  Centennial  Committee: 

I  feel  profoundly  sensible  of  the  honor  conferred  upon  me  by 
inviting  me  to  address  this  audience  upon  such  an  interesting  and 
historic  occasion. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  329 

It  is  very  natural,  sir,  that,  leaving  my  home  a  youth,  or  at  least 
youthful,  I  should  feel  some  hesitancy  in  addressing  those,  some  of 
whom  I  see  before  me,  who  were  at  that  time,  I  will  not  say  how 
many  years  ago,  "most  potent,  grave  and  reverend  seignors." 

There  are  at  least,  three  important  things  to  be  considered  in 
addressing  an  assemblage  like  this;  how  to  begin,  what  to  say  and 
when  to  leave  off. 

After  accepting  your  polite  invitation  to  speak  this  evening, 
naturally  I  began  to  think  what  I  could  say  that  would  claim  atten- 
tion when  so  many  eloquent  words  would  already  have  been  spoken. 
Being  in  a  writing  mood  a  few  evenings  since,  I  sought  the  quiet  of 
my  library  and  began  like  this : 

"Not  many  generations  ago,  where  you  now  sit  encircled  by  all 
that  exalts  and  embellishes  civilized  life,  the  rank  thistle  nodded  in 
the  wind  and  the  wild  fox  dug  his  hole  unscared;  here  lived  and 
loved  another  race  of  beings ;  beneath  the  same  sun  that  rolls  over 
your  head,  the  Indian  hunter  pursued  the  panting  deer ;  gazing  on 
the  same  moon  that  smiles  for  you,  the  Indian  lover  wooed  his  dusky 
mate." 

Suddenly  it  was  "bourne  in  upon  me"  that  this  sounded  rather 
familiar,  and  looking  about  me  I  found  it  was  a  selection  I  used  to 
declaim  in  my  youth  from  a  Fourth  of  July  oration  delivered  by 
Charles  Sprague,  the  banker-poet  of  my  adopted  city,  so  I  got  down 
from  that  high  horse  pretty  lively.  While  musing  a  few  evenings 
after,  like  the  immortal  Silas  Wegg,  I  dropped  into  poetry  and,  with 
early  associations  thronging  my  brain,  commenced  in  this  way: 

Born  'neath  the  shadow  of  those  elms  that  wave 

Aloft  their  branches  o'er  the  roof  that  gave 

Our  sweetest  poet  rest,  your  timid  muse 

Fearing  to  sing,  unwilling  to  refuse 

Such  pleasing  talk,  craves  that  her  pen  to  guide 

From  Deering's  woods  to  Casco's  flowing  tide, 

Memories  of  him  her  thoughts  may  countless  throng 

Who  cheered  and  charmed  and  blessed  the  world  with  song. 

This  seemed  to  be  a  very  good  start;  and  then  there  was  to  be 
scraps  of  your  early  history,  pastoral  scenes,  with  the  murmur  of 
brooks  and  the  lowing  of  cattle;  then  the  drums  were  to  beat  and 
the  trumpets  sound,  with  the  echoing  of  guns  from  yonder  bay ;  then 


330  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

a  dirge  for  the  two  brave  commanders  that  sleep  side  by  side  at  the 
foot  of  "  Munjoy."  Again  the  call  to  arms,  the  fluttering  of  the  flags, 
the  departure  of  your  youth  and  manhood  to  fight  the  battles  of 
our  country,  and  how, 

From  homes  whose  sires  of  Washington  yet  spoke. 
From  cabins  where  the  emigrants  just  woke 
From  dreams  of  freedom  he  had  come  to  share, 
From  wayside  cottage  and  from  homes  most  fair, 
From  trade's  jiroud  mart,  from  students'  classic  hall 
Tliey  came  exultant  to  their  country's  call, 
In  swelling  ])halanx  and  with  mighty  throes 
To  stand  between  the  Union  and  its  foes. 

And  then  the  cry  of  fire,  that  ever  thrilling  cry;  the  lapping  up  by 
the  devouring  element  of  old  landmarks,  homesteads  and  marts  of 
trade,  the  destruction  of  your  avenues  of  beautiful  elms  that  had 
long  been  my  father's  pride  and  mine. 

Now  you  see  what  a  poem  could  be  made  out  of  all  this.  How 
sublime !  What  great  room  for  the  rising  and  the  swelling,  the  ring- 
ing and  the  swinging,  the  pathos  and  the  imagination.  Well,  I  spent 
some  time  over  this,  got  it  all  mapped  out,  when  it  occurred  to  me 
that  I  was  not  to  be  your  poet  at  all,  that  there  would  be  another  to 
sing  all  this  and  more,  and  the  name  of  a  gentle  lady  who  was  to  be 
your  poetess,  was  whispered  in  my  ears,  and  today  we  have  listened 
to  her  sweet  song,  and  so  I  "  hung  my  harp  upon  the  willow,"  and 
was  all  at  sea  again  without  chart  or  compass,  for  well  I  knew  that 
before  my  time  to  speak  to  you  were  come,  your  history  would  be  told, 
your  deeds  of  worth  proclaimed,  and  your  famous  men  and  women 
eulogized,  and  what  would  there  be  left  for  me  to  say  ?  Nothing ! 
Absolutely  nothing  !  Hold  !  I  said,  there  are  away  back  in  the  past, 
ever  fresh  in  our  boyhood  memories,  characters,  well-known  ones  too, 
many  of  them  in  a  way  dear  to  our  youth,  that  will  scarcely  be 
thought  of  ;  and  why  not  for  a  moment  bring  them  before  you,  as 
many  of  us  knew  them  nearly  fifty  years  ago  when  they  furnished 
innocent  amusement  to  the  school-boys  of  "  eighteen  forty  "  ?  And 
should  the  shades  of  the  departed  still  be  hovering  over  the  scenes 
of  their  earthly  existence,  may  no  words  of  mine  cause  them  to  feel 
that  unhappiness  which  often  they  suffered  while  in  the  flesh. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  331 

Among  these  familiar  faces,  courtesy  would  require  me  to  speak 
first  of  the  gentler  sex — and  they  were  fewer  than  those  of  the 
masculine  gender.  At  the  head  and  front  of  these  few  was  that 
well-known  and  active  maiden,  "  Coot "  Moody,  of  Scarboro,  who 
would  insist  that  her  name  was  not  "  Coot,"  but  Emma. 

Marm  Larrabee,  with  her  wagon  of  blueberries  direct  from 
"  Baldwin  Lighthouse,"  also  had  occasion  to  pour  out  her  vials  of 
wrath  upon  our  devoted  heads,  for  some  of  the  bad  boys  would 
abstract  her  blueberries  on  the  sly.  They  did  say  that  the  old  lady 
would  take  her  "  tipple,"  but  Sarey  Gamp  says,  "that's  all  right  if 
you  only  takes  it  regular  and  draws  it  mild." 

Of  the  "  hard  handed  "  men  of  the  times,  looms  up  he  whom  the 
painter's  art  has  immortalized,  Stephen  Cash,  professional  clamist. 
We  could  not  have  the  heart  at  this  late  day  to  call  Stephen  a 
"  clam  digger,"  our  respect  and  veneration  for  him  is  too  great.  In 
those  days  it  was  Mr.  Cash,  or  Stephen  Cash,  seldom,  if  ever 
"  Steve."  Regularly  in  the  season  was  that  one-wheeled  carriage, 
well  filled  with  the  juicy  bivalves,  found  doing  its  duty  propelled  by 
the  willing  arms  of  Stephen.  It  was  our  artist  Cole  who  painted 
his  picture,  wheel  and  clams  and  all. 

There  was  another  Stephen,  Stephen  Chase,  who  sold  lobsters  on 
the  corner  by  the  Cumberland  House,  near  the  old  City  Hall.  Do 
you  not  remember  his  prettily  painted  wheelbarrow  filled  with  the 
scarlet  beauties  ?     A  symphony  in  green  and  red. 

And  speaking  of  barrows  reminds  me  of  that  row  of  hand  carts  at 
the  foot  of  Exchange  street  and  their  worthy  proprietors,  among 
whom  Billy  McNaught  and  Peter  Jerris  were  especial  favorites. 

Perhaps  no  one  appeared  and  disappeared  more  suddenly  in  our 
streets  or  created  more  amusement  than  the  kind-hearted,  innocent, 
crazed  General  Warren.  Don't  you  old  boys  all  remember  him,  with 
his  military  equipments,  his  cocked  hat  and  his  cane  with  a  red 
ribbon  tied  to  it  which  he  called  his  sword  ?  Well  do  I  remember 
at  the  launching  of  the  propeller  Gen'l  Warren,  that  was  a  very  long 
time  ago,  of  his  standing  proudly  in  the  bow,  waving  his  hat  as  she 
slipped  from  the  stocks,  fully  believing  that  she  was  named  for  him. 
Poor,  kind-hearted  old  man,  we  never  could  abuse  you  and  we  never 
did. 

But  there  was  a  man  and  he  had  a  pair  of  steers,  and  he  would  get 


332  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

terribly  drunk,  and  how  he  would  worry  those  poor  steers.  I  can  see 
the  little  things  now  with  their  mournful  faces  and  beseeching  eyes, 
as  if  it  were  but  yesterday,  and  long,  lank  Laricum  Libby,  with  his 
longer  goadstick,  bending  over  them,  hopelessly  drunk.  How  he 
would  swear  and  try  to  catch  us  when  we  goaded  him,  but  he  never 
did,  no,  nor  did  John  Trip,  "  old  Trip  "  or  more  familiarly  "  Trip-a- 
dee-dee." 

From  the  bad  to  the  good,  and  honest  Daddy  Buxton,  with  his 
genial  countenance  and  maimed  form,  comes  back,  to  our  gaze.  Yes, 
many  teased  pennies  found  their  way  into  Daddy's  coffers  in 
exchange  for  goodies,  and  goodies  brings  to  mind  Marm  Hamilton 
and  her  famous  molasses  candy,  those  long,  slender,  golden  sticks,  so 
fresh  and  sweet.  You  well  remember  the  bright  green  box  on  the 
counter  where  it  was  kept,  and  the  little  sign,  L.  S.  Hamilton,  just 
above  Hannah  Watts'  shop  on  Exchange  street. 

Of  the  colored  population,  we  had  two  famous  ones.  Aleck 
Stephenson,  as  we  called  him,  "old  Aleck,"  the  prince  of  hack- 
drivers  and  good  fellows,  who  faithfully  served  many  generations, 
and  his  white  hat,  drab  coat  and  those  gray  horses  will  long  linger  in 
our  memory.  Billy  Button  was  another  sable  hero  with  as  jolly  a 
face  as  the  sun  ever  shone  upon  and  a  heart  as  warm  as  ever  beat 
under  a  fairer  skin. 

But  time  would  fail  me  to  tell  of  Gideon  Foster,  Johnny  Larrabee, 
Tristram  Prince  and  others  who  purchased  our  fourth  of  July  junk 
and  paid  for  it  with  some  cash,  but  more  goods;  and  when  the 
glorious  day  at  last  had  dawned  and  Tommy  Hall,  the  chimney 
sweep,  and  others  had  spread  their  tents  on  "Nigger  Hill"  with 
their  wealth  of  candy,  gingerbread  and  buns,  and  yes,  when  we 
heard  Tommy  cry,  "  sold  the  candy,  got  the  money,"  we  well  knew  by 
the  growing  lightness  of  our  pockets  where  the  money  came  from, 
and  we  washed  down  our  sorrow  at  its  departure  with  a  glass  of 
"Royal  pop  or  small  beer,  made  by  James  Hindle  and  for  sale  here." 
But  they  are  gone.  "  After  life's  fitful  fever  they  sleep  well."  Green 
be  their  memories.  They  filled  the  places  allotted  to  them,  in  some 
cases  well,  in  others  ill.  And  if,  in  bringing  them  back  once  more  to 
the  remembrance  of  many  of  their  old  acquaintances,  I  have  renewed 
schoolboy  associations,  it  is  enough. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  333 

During  the  evening,  the  President,  ex-Mayor  Libby, 
read  a  telegram  from  the  city  government  of  Rockland 
complimenting  Portland  upon  the  brilliant  success  of 
her  centennial  celebration,  and  thanking  the  city  for  its 
courtesies  shown  its  representative.  Mayor  Williams. 

The  meeting  closed  shortly  after  ten  o'clock. 

POEMS. 

The  following  poems  were  written  for  the  centennial 
celebration  on  the  invitation  of  the  committee;  one  by 
a  son  of  Portland,  distinguished  in  the  literary  world, 
who,  in  his  ripe  old  age  with  vigor  unimpaired,  resides 
in  the  Empire  State;  and  also  by  one  of  Portland's 
daughters,  whose  genius  is  recognized  all  over  the  land, 
and  has  before  been  shown  in  prose  and  poem — and 
whose  interest  in  our  city  has  never  been  abated. 
There  was  not  time  in  any  of  the  exercises  to  read 
their  productions,  and  they  are  therefore  printed  as  the 
close  of  the  literary  exercises  of  the  last  day  of  the 
celebration. 

Ode  written  for  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Incorpo- 
ration OF  Portland,  on  July  4TH,  1886. 

BY    ISAAC    m'lELLAN,    GREENPORT,    LONG   ISLAND. 

E'en  as  a  mother  calls  her  wandering  troop 
Of  children  homeward — a  beloved  group  ; 
Recalls  their  roving  steps,  where'eer  they  be, 
From  foreign  shore  and  the  remotest  sea, 
From  stately  homes,  from  city  or  from  plain 
Where  endless  prairies  brighten  with  the  grain, 
From  Indian  isles,  or  European  homes, 
Grand  with  palatial  halls  and  princely  domes; 
Her  loving  heart,  quick-throbbing  to  caress, 


334  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION 

And  to  her  breast  each  darling  child  to  press ; 

Inviting  each  to  enter  at  the  door, 

And  'neath  the  natal  roof  to  rest  once  more, 

To  pluck  the  fruit  that  in  the  garden  grew, 

To  view  fair  scenes  that  blooming  childhood  knew, 

To  tread  the  well-known  street  that  seem'd  so  fair, 

(Now  grown  to  stately  avenue  and  square) 

To  view  the  ancient  wharf,  and  piers  and  slips, 

Where  once  they  fished — now  throng'd  with  splendid  ships, 

To  view  the  spot,  thick-shaded  in  a  wood. 

Where  seventy  years  ago  the  school-house  stood  ; 

To  muse  where  once  a  humble  chapel  rose, 

(Where  now  a  sumptuous  church  its  dome  upthrows ; 

To  pace  the  turf  with  reverential  tread. 

Where  sleep  in  dust  the  loved  ancestral  dead. 

Yes,  come  dear  rovers  scatter'd  wide  o'er  earth, 

Come  to  your  natal  place, — your  place  of  birth, 

Look  once  again  upon  that  beauteous  town, 

"  By  the  sea  seated,"  now  a  city  grown  ; 

Gaze  on  each  bowery  street,  the  noble  squares. 

Its  avenues,  its  crowded  thoroughfares, 

Look  on  the  ocean  ships  by  wharf  and  pier. 

Known  o'er  broad  seas  in  each  proud  hemisphere ; 

See  noble  cupola  and  sacred  spire 

Bright  with  each  dawning  and  each  sunset  fire, 

Then  view  the  mossy  roof  to  memory  dear 

Where  sire  and  mother  watch'd  life's  opening  year ! 

Faint  I  recall  in  memory's  magic  scene. 

Our  childhood  sports,  our  gambols  o'er  the  green. 

When  lingering  feet  to  the  old  school-house  came, 

To  con  the  task,  obedient  to  our  dame  ; 

When  forth  to  Deering's  woods  our  steps  would  rove 

To  gather  wild  flowers  in  the  shady  grove. 

To  climb  the  hill  where  high  the  lighthouse  rose 

And  in  the  wind-swept  grass  seek  sweet  repose  ; 

Or  seek  the  sandy  beach,  the  pebbled  shore 

To  bathe, — to  angle,  or  for  shells  explore, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


335 


That  joyous  group,  so  full  of  childish  cheer, 
Hath  vanish'd  from  the  earth,  this  many  a  year, 
Scarce  one  remains  to  greet  me  in  the  street, 
Strange  faces  only  in  those  walks  I  meet. 

In  later  years  that  group  I  met  again 

In  Bowdoin  halls'  and  on  her  classic  plain. 

Those  children,  older  grown,  were  yet  the  same, 

Blithe,  bright  and  happy,  emulous  for  fame  ; 

Kinsman  and  Preble,  Greenleaf,  Southgate,  Boyd, 

In  studious  labor,  ever  well  employ'd ; 

And  chief  of  all,  dear  Longfellow,  my  friend. 

In  school,  in  college,  faithful  to  the  end. 

And  now  he  rests  in  Auburn's  sacred  shade 

Afar  from  Portland  homes,  in  slumber  laid. 

Come  then,  dear  wanderers,  from  far  and  near, 
Come, — there  is  welcome  for  our  native's  here. 
Come, — clasp  each  hand,  and  join  the  great  parade 
The  long  procession,  the  grand  cavalcade. 

Note  by  the  Editor. — Isaac  McLellan,  the  contributor  of  the  above  poem, 
was  born  in  Portland  in  1806.  He  is  a  descendant  of  the  McLellan's  of  Gorham, 
Me.  He  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1826.  Among  his  classmates  were 
Hon.  Samuel  S.  Boyd,  Wm.  Tyng  Hilliard,  Joseph  W.  Leland,  Sargent  S. 
Prentiss,  James  S.  Rowe,  John  B.  Russvvurm,  and  others.  After  he  graduated  he 
studied  law,  opened  an  office  in  Boston  and  practiced  his  profession  a  few  years ; 
was  associate  editor  of  the  Daily  Patriot,  and  was  a  contributor  in  poetry  and  prose 
to  various  magazines.  At  different  dates  he  wrote  the  "  Fall  of  the  Indian,  and 
Other  Poems,"  "The  Year,  and  Other  Poems,"  "Miscellaneous  Poems,"  "Journal 
of  a  Residence  in  Scotland,  and  a  Tour  Through  England  and  France,"  compiled 
from  manuscripts  of  H.  B.  McLellan.  His  productions  were  favorably  noticed  in 
Griswold's  "  Poets  of  America,"  and  in  Black7aooii's  Magazine.  He  made  a  two 
years'  tour  in  Europe,  and  on  his  return  renounced  his  profession  and  withdrew  to 
the  country.  Devoted  as  ever  to  field  sports,  he  wrote  on  subjects  which  they  sug- 
gested. This  taste  especially  made  him  familiar  with  resorts  on  the  Massachusetts 
coast,  and  brought  him  in  intercourse  with  lovers  of  the  sport,  and  especially  with 
Daniel  Webster,  where  at  his  summer  retreat  at  Marshfield,  he  passed  two  seasons. 
He  removed  to  New  York,  exercising  his  inveterate  passion  in  its  neighborhood, 
passing  a  part  of  the  season  for  several  years  on  the  Virginia  and  North  Carolina 
coasts.  Of  late  years  he  has  resided  at  Greenport,  L.  I.  His  last  literary  work  is 
a  volume  published  this  year,  entitled  "  Poems  of  the  Rod  and  Gun,  or  Sports  by 
Flood  and  Field."     See  letter  from  him,  post. 


336  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

TO  PORTLAND. 

BY  MRS.   ELIZABETH  OAKES  SMITH. 

Oh!  Cit}^  of  my  heart!  in  dreams, 

Sweet  dreams,  I  see  thee  as  of  yore, 

And  catch  the  light's  first  early  beams 

Glint  over  White  Head's  roar ; 

Old  Ocean's  Daughter !  beam  with  smiles, 

And  wear  thy  royal  crest, 

Three  hundred  sixty-five  green  isles 

Sleep  on  old  Casco's  breast. 

And  each  is  fair  and  bright  to  see, 
With  tuft  of  breezy  pine, 
Where  I  have  often  longed  to  be 
In  these  long  years  of  mine  : 
Accept,  fair  daughter  of  the  sea, 
A  simple,  loving  rhyme, 
For  thou  hast  always  been  to  me 
A  tender,  solemn  chime. 

Such  as  the  mariner  has  heard 

Far  out  upon  the  sea, 

Where  bell  of  church,  or  song  of  bird 

Could  never  hope  to  be. 

But  village  bell  and  song  of  bird. 

Had  furnished  memory's  cell. 

With  many  a  whispered  sound  and  word 

Remembered  over-well. 

We  make  our  home  in  other  lands. 

We  learn  to  be  content ; 

But  all  our  Portland  hearts  and  hands, 

When  severed,  felt  the  rent ; 

And  forth  we  go — as  eagles  go. 

The  mother  nest  up-torn  ; 

Doth  not  the  wise  old  mother  know, 

Her  eaglets  would  be  shorne. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Of  power  the  mid-day  sun  to  face, 

Or  battle  with  the  storm, 

If  their  too  tender  nesting  place, 

Too  long,  is  tight  and  warm  ? 

And  so  she  tears  the  nest  away, 

And  they  perforce  must  fly 

To  breast  the  whirlwind  in  its  play, 

The  lightning  thwart  the  sky. 

And  thus  thy  children  forth  from  thee. 
With  many  an  aching  heart. 
Scarce  hoped  a  greater  thing  to  be 
From  this  too  bitter  art ; 
Unwillingly  they  took  the  oar, 
Unwillingly  the  brunt, 
To  leave  pale  footsteps  on  a  shore, 
For  shipwreck'd  men  to  hunt. 

But,  who  that  breathes  the  mountain  air, 
Or  sniffs  the  salt  sea  breeze. 
Has  ever  yielded  to  despair  ! 
The  grand  aroma  of  pine  trees 
Enfilters  blood  and  brain  ; 
The  granite  of  the  ancient  hills 
Works  in  the  every  vein. 
And  nobleness  distills. 

Oh  like  the  eagle  and  the  rock, 
The  oak  on  granite  ledge, 
Our  people  bide  the  whirlwind  shock, 
Well  anchored  rope  and  kedge : 
And  some  are  heard  in  halls  of  state. 
Some  strike  the  harp  of  song, 
Some  bide  the  sailor's  perilous  fate, 
Some  to  the  mort  belong. 

They  lead,  where'er  their  lot  is  cast, 
As  our  proud  motto  reads  ; 
With  equal  step  from  first  to  last, 
Most  loyally  Maine  leads ; 
22 


337 


338  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Not  one  in  all  the  Portland  band 
Has  lost  his  manful  name, 
And  lost  himself  in  felon  brand, 
Gone  to  Canadian  shame. 

Thy  learned  men — thy  women  fair, 

Thy  poets  first  and  last, 

Too  many  for  my  rhyming  care. 

Must  not  be  over-past ; 

And  yet  thy  children  lisped  in  rhyme, 

'Tvvas  native  to  the  spot ; 

Regardless  oft  of  tune  and  time, 

And  needful  care  to  blot. 

Neal  dashed  his  hand  with  daring  sweep, 
And  sang  how  Alpine  snow 
Remorseless,  leaped  from  ancient  sleep, 
And  buried  deep,  Goldeau  : 
And  Mellen!     "Lone  imperial  bird," 
That  "stooped  his  tireless  wing," 
By  Portland  poets  should  be  heard, 
With  no  uncertain  ring. 

Ah,  so  divine  the  poet's  art, 

No  fragment  should  be  lost. 

For  blood  and  life,  in  whole  or  part, 

Have  been  the  sacred  cost : 

It  is  not  mete  that  I  should  word 

The  roll  of  honor  here. 

For  he  who  strikes  a  single  chord, 

Is  to  the  poet  dear. 

They  who  may  never  hope  to  reach 

The  higher  round  of  fame. 

Lay  down  their  laurels  all  and  each, 

At  Longfellow's  pure  name  : 

But  who  can  tell  how  sad  the  soul. 

Shrank  from  the  stripe  away. 

As  years  on  years,  the  deathless  roll, 

Ignored  their  humble  lay  ! 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  339 

Farewell !  oh,  daughter  of  the  sea, 
Right  royally  thy  throne 
O'erlooks  the  isles  that  wait  on  thee. 
Where  White  Head  sits  alone  ; 
Thy  regal  head  bears  not  a  scar 
From  all  the  perils  past ; 
Thine  is  the  glory  of  the  star. 
When  skies  are  overcast. 

Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith. 

Hollywood,  Cartaret  Co.,  N.  C. 

Note. — Mrs.  Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith  is  the  widow  of  the  late  Seba  Smith, 
whose  humorous  production  and  Jack  Downing  letters  are  world  known.  She  was 
born  in  Cumberland,  Me.  Her  maiden  name  was  Prince.  She  married  when  she 
was  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  resided  in  Portland  for  some  years  while  her  husband 
was  editor  of  the  Daily  Cottrier,  and  was  engaged  in  literary  work.  About  the  same 
time  she  was  married  she  became  an  anonymous  contributor  of  poems  to  the  peri- 
odical press.  She  lived  here  up  te  1842,  when  with  her  husband  she  removed  to 
New  York,  where  he  died  (at  L.  L)  in  1868.  She  has  frequently  appeared  before 
the  public  as  a  lecturer.  In  1843  appeared  the  first  considerable  collection  of  her 
poetical  pieces  under  the  title  of  the  "The  Sinless  Child  and  Other  Poems,"  and 
her  metrical  contributions  to  the  magazines  have  since  been  numerous.  She  is  the 
author  of  "  The  Roman  Tribute  "  and  "  Jacob  Leisler,"  tragedies  ;  "  The  Western 
Captive  "  and  "  Bertha  and  Lily,"  novels;  "The  Salamander,  a  Legend  for  Christ- 
mas," and  children's  books  and  miscellaneous  publications.  In  1851  she  published 
"  Woman  and  Her  Needs,"  a  work  devoted  to  the  rights  of  woman,  which  Mrs. 
Smith  has  at  various  times  advocated  by  her  pen  and  as  a  lecturer.  Among  her 
later  publication  are:  "  Hints  on  Dress  and  Beauty,"  1852;  "Shadow  Land,"  1852; 
"  The  Newsboy,"  1855;  "Bald  Eagle,  or  the  Last  of  the  Ramapaughs,"  1S67  ; 
"  Two  Wives,"  187 1 ;  and  "Kitty  Howard's  Journal,"  1871.  Mrs.  Smith  took  a 
great  interest  in  the  centennial  celebration,  and  intended  to  be  present  on  the 
occasion,  having  accepted  the  invitation  from  the  Committee  to  become  the  guest 
of  the  City.  She  commenced  the  journey  for  that  jnirpose  from  her  home  at  Hol- 
lywood, Cartaret  County,  N.  C,  but  on  account  of  illness  was  obliged  to  return, 
and  subsequently  forwarded  the  poem  which  is  printed  as  above.  See  her  letters, 
page  44,  ante,  and  in  appendix. 

HIGH  SCHOOL  REUNION. 
Arrangements  had  been  made  for  a  reunion  of  the 
former   graduates  of  the   Portland   High  school,  to  be 
held  during  the  celebration.     Invitation  cards,  like  the 


340  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

following,    were  sent  to    more    than    twelve    hundred 
graduates: 

"PORTLAND  HIGH  SCHOOL. 
Your  presence  is  requested  at  an  informal  reunion  of  the  Graduates  of  the 

PORTLAND  HIGH  SCHOOL, 

to  be   held  upon  the  Centennial  of  the  Incorporation  of  Portland,  in  Reception 
Hall,  on  Tuesday  evening,  July  sixth,  from  eight  to  eleven  o'clock." 

The  reunion  occured  Tuesday  evening,  July  6th,  in  Reception 
Hall.  The  hall  was  prettily  adorned  with  bunting,  while  from  a 
point  midway  on  the  ceiling,  streamers  of  alternating  colors  radiated 
to  different  portions  of  the  walls.  In  the  left  hand  corner  of  the 
room,  as  one  entered  the  door,  was  an  arch  trimmed  with  bunting 
and  adorned  with  flowers  of  harmonizing  tints.  On  the  arch  were 
the  words  "  Portland  High  School "  in  evergreen  letters.  On  the 
walls  were  various  class  emblems,  on  which  were  the  respective 
mottoes  rivalling  each  other  in  the  beauty  of  their  appearance.  In 
the  civil  engineer's  room  the  class  of  '72  had  prepared  some  delicious 
lemonade  for  the  graduates.  The  walls  of  this  room  were  covered 
with  various  mottoes  signalizing  some  happy  episodes  of  the  High 
School  days.  One  of  these  emblems  is  deserving  of  special  notice. 
It  bore  the  words  "  That  Boy  Tommy."  It  will  be  remembered  that 
these  words  constituted  the  name  of  a  play  composed  and  partici- 
pated in  by  the  members  of  the  class,  from  the  proceeds  of  which, 
amounting  to  seven  hundred  dollars,  was  founded  the  Portland 
Reference  Library.  From  the  male  members  of  '72,  also  were 
formed  the  Portland  Cadets.  The  reception  committee  were  A,  E. 
Chase,  Principal  of  the  High  School ;  Mrs.  G.  W.  Moody,  '65  ;  Mrs. 
G.  W.  Way,  '71;  Miss  Inez  Blanchard,  '59;  F.  S.  Waterhouse,  '69. 
Among  the  old  teachers  present  were  Mrs.  G.  W.  Moody,  Mrs.  G. 
W,  Way,  Mrs.  Thompson,  C.  B.  Varney,  Miss  Annabel  Stetson,  Miss 
Babb.  The  reunion  was  under  the  charge  of  Alderman  Wilson  and 
Councilmen  Adams  and  Kent,  assisted  by  a  lady  and  gentleman  from 
each  class.  Everything  connected  with  the  reunion  was  a  complete 
success,  and  all  united  in  pronoucing  it  one  of  the  most  social  and 
pleasant  reunions  ever  attended.  About  six  hundred  of  the  gradu- 
ates were  present. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  341 

Two  members  of  the  class  of  '41  were  present,  Mr.  J,  J.  W. 
Reeves  and  Daniel  Choate.  Of  the  class  of  '61,  Mr.  George  O.  K. 
Cram  only  was  present  and  one  member  of  that  of  '55. 

After  the  reception,  the  class  of  '72  held  a  meeting  and  elected  its 
officers  for  the  coming  year.  Letters  and  telegrams  were  read  from 
several  absent  members. 


FIREWORKS  EXHIBITION, 

which  was  postponed  from  Monday  evening,  July  5th, 
took  place  on  Wednesday  evening,  July  7th,  on  the 
plain  at  the  foot  of  the  Western  Promenade.  The 
display  was  made  by  the  "  Unexcelled  Fireworks  Com- 
pany "  to  whom  had  been  awarded  the  contract  by  the 
committee,  and  was  furnished  by  Charles  Day,  of  this 
city.  It  was  according  to  the  following  programme, 
viz: 

1.  Ascent  of  large  balloons  with  trails  attached,  which,  as  they  gradually  pass 

from  view,  throw  out  various  kinds  of  firework  effects. 

2.  Grand  illumination  of  the  surroundings  by  prismatic  colored  lights. 

3.  Great  shell.     Colored  stars. 

4.  Rocket  display,  introducing  many  new  and  novel  effects. 

5.  Flight   of  golden  geysers,   forming   a  cascade   of  spray  fire  ascending  and 

descending. 

6.  Set  piece.     Magic  wheel. 

7.  Fire  torpedoes,  flying  through  the  air  with  great  rapidity  and  exploding  with 

a  loud  report. 

8.  Special  bombshell  display  (mammoth  size)  with  varied  and  beautiful  effects 

and  combinations. 

9.  Great  golden  cloud  studded  with  sapphires. 

10.  Double  diamond,  set  piece. 

11.  Japanese  novelty  rockets,  new,  wonderful. 

12.  Twin  asteroid  rockets  with  twinkling  stars. 

13.  Pleiades  rockets,  with  seven  floating  stars,  changing  colors. 

14.  Umbrella  of  fire. 

15.  Jewelled  mine  explosion. 

16.  Peacock  tails, — set  piece. 

17.  Salvos  of  saucissions,  filling  the  air  with  fantastic  forms  of  brilliant  fire. 

18.  Flying  pigeons. 


342  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

19.  Variegated   boniljshells,    24   inch  with  carmine,  emerald,  golden  streamers, 

gold  rain,  magnesium,  crimson,  gold  amber,  green  and    gold,  mauve,  pink, 
blue  and  gold  meteors. 

20.  Congreve  rockets. 

21.  Gothic  cross, — set  piece. 

22.  Japanese  torpillions. 

23.  Roman  fountain  batteries. 

24.  Floral  fountains. 

25.  Kaleidoscope, — set  piece. 

26.  Prismatic  fountains. 

27.  UnXLD  great  shells,  30  inch  aurora  borealis. 

28.  Cross  fire  of  signal  rockets. 

29.  Aerial  acre  of  variegated  gems. 

30.  Chinese  sjjider, — set  piece. 

31.  Meteoric  rockets. 

32.  Pearl  streamers. 
2^-  Telescope  rockets. 

34.  Fiery  whirlwinds. 

35.  P^gyptian  pyramids, — set  piece. 

36.  Fiery  wagglers. 

37.  Volcanic  eruptions. 

38.  Boss  Tweed's  diamond, — set  piece. 

39.  UnXLD  mammoth  spreaders. 

40.  Jewelled  clouds. 

41.  I'jiamelled  jewels, —  set  piece. 

42.  Prize  cometic  rockets. 

43.  UnXLD  challenge  rockets. 

44.  Forest  of  fire. 

45.  Jewelled  star. 

46.  lirilliant  serpents. 

47.  Drooping  stars. 

48.  Magnesium  shells. 

49.  Grand  device,  displaying  the  words,  Welcome  Sons  of  Portland. 

50.  UnXLD  jerial  wonders. 

51.  Shell  of  shells. 

52.  Peacock  plumes. 

53.  Aerial  contortionists. 

54.  Extra  large  final  device  representing  the  Coat  of  Arms  of  the  City  of  Port- 

land, with  the  dates  1786 — 1886. 

55.  Grand  flight  of  five   hundred   large   colored  rockets  fired  at  one   time  and 

forming  a  grand  serial  bouquet. 

The  display  was  very  fine,  and  was  witnessed  by  a 
vast    multitude    of   well    pleased   people.     The  intense 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  343 

heat  was  tempered  somewhat  by  a  cooHng  breeze,  and 
the  grassy  turf  of  the  slopes  of  the  hill  made  quite 
comfortable  seats  for  thousands.  It  is  safe  to  say  it 
was  the  finest  display  of  fireworks  that  has  ever 
been  seen  here.  The  rocket  display  was  unusually 
good,  the  rockets  shooting  into  the  sky  to  a  greater 
height  than  they  generally  attain  on  similar  exhibitions. 
The  device  displaying  in  various  colored  lights  the 
words,  "Welcome  Sons  of  Portland,"  was  specially 
fine.  And  this,  the  closing  feature  of  the  Centennial 
celebration  was  a  grand  success. 

THANKS  OF  THE  CITY  COUNCIL.' 

ORDER  PASSED  JULY  13TH,   1886. 

Ordered:  that  the  thanks  of  the  City  Council,  in 
behalf  of  the  city,  be  returned  to  the  Hon.  Thomas  B. 
Reed  for  his  able  and  brilliant  oration,  delivered  in 
City  Hall,  July  6th;  to  Mrs.  Abba  Goold  Woolson,  for 
her  beautiful  and  interesting  poem  on  the  same  occa- 
sion; to  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  for  the 
presence  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  in  our  harbor 
during  the  city's  Centennial;  to  Rear  Admiral  Luce, 
for  the  detail  of  officers  and  men  from  the  fleet,  adding 
so  much  to  the  effectiveness  of  the  procession  on  July 
5th,  and  to  all  others,  far  too  numerous  to  specify,  who 
assisted  in  making  the  Centennial  celebration  so  great 
a  success;  and  the  mayor  is  requested  to  convey  to  the 
above  named  persons,  the  thanks  of  the  city. 

'  City  Records,  vol.  22,  p.  375. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  345 


APPKN  DIX. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


The  large  number  of  letters  received  from  the  sons 
and  daughters  of  Portland,  and  former  residents,  all 
over  the  land,  in  response  to  the  invitations  sent  from 
the  committee  requesting  their  presence  at  the  "  Cen- 
tennial Anniversary"  precludes  the  publication  of  but 
a  few  of  these  responses;  and  being  mainly  from  those 
who  were  invited  as  the  guests  of  the  city. 

LETTER  FROM  THE  PRESIDENT  OF    THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Executive  Mansion, 

Washington,  June  23,  1886. 

The  Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor,  Portland,  Maine. 
Dear  Sir  :  The  President  has  received  your  letter  of  the  9th 
instant  conveying  the  invitation  of  the  city  of  Portland  to  attend  the 
celebration  of  its  Centennial  Anniversary  on  July  4th,  5th  and  6th, 
and  he  directs  me  to  say  that  the  gratification  which  it  would  afford 
him  to  be  present  on  so  interesting  and  important  an  occasion  in 
the  history  of  the  city,  adds  much  to  his  regret  that  it  will  be 
impracticable  for  him  to  go  to  Portland  at  that  time. 

Expressing  the  President's  thanks  for  the  compliment  of  the 
invitation  and  the  courtesy  extended  in  connection  therewith. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Daniel  S.  Lamont, 

Private  Secretary. 


346  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Letters  were  received  from  Hon.  Eugene  Hale  and 
Hon.  Wm  P.  Frye,  senators,  also  from  Nelson  Dingley, 
jr.,  and  Charles  A.  Boutelle,  M.  C,  from  Maine,  express- 
ing their  thanks  for  the  invitations,  and  regretting  their 
inability  to  attend  on  account  of  the  session  of  Con- 
gress being  near  its  close. 

LETTER  FROM  HON.  JOHN  D.  LONG. 

House  of  Representatives  U.  S., 

Washington,  D.  C,  June  r6,  1886. 
Dear  Mr.  Hull: 

Yours  received.  I  regret  very  much  that  I  cannot  accept  the  kind 
invitation  you  sent  me  to  be  the  guest  of  the  City  of  Portland  at  its 
Centennial,  and  as  such  to  represent  the  sons  of  Maine  in  Massachu- 
setts. I  fear  my  engagements  here  will  prevent  my  availing  myself 
of  the  opportunity. 

Very  truly  yours, 

J.  D.  Long. 

Letters  from  President  Wm.  DeW.  Hyde,  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  from  President  George  D.  B.  Pepper,  of 
Colby  University,  and  President  O.  B.  Cheney,  of  Bates 
•College,  thanking  for  the  invitations  and  declining  on 
account  of  other  duties,  to  be  present  at  the  celebration, 
w^re  received. 

letter  from  HON.  JAMES  W.   BRADBURY,   PRESIDENT  OF   MAINE 
HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

Augusta,  June  29,  1S86. 
Hon.  C.  J.  Chapman,  Mayor. 

Dear  Sir  :  Please  accept  my  thanks  for  your  courteous  invitation 
to  attend  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  your 
very  ]:)eautiful  city. 

An  occasion  so  interesting  in  the  revival  of  the  memories  of  the 
past  and  in  the  reunions  it  will  secure,  and  so  useful  in  rescuing  and 
preserving   important    materials  for  the  truthful  history  of  the  city 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  347 

and  of  the  labors  and  sacrifices  of  its  pioneer  settlers,  presents  to 
me  such  strong  attractions  that  it  deepens  my  regret  at  my  inability 
to  be  present. 

Possibly  I  may  be  able  on  the  last  day,  personally  to  thank  you  for 
the  honor  of  the  invitation. 

Most  respectfully  yours,  &c., 

James  W.  Bradrurv. 

Letters  from  Hon.  Charles  Hamlin  of  Bangor, 
Speaker  of  the  Maine  House  of  Representatives,  from 
Col.  Clark  S.  Edwards  of  Bethel,  from  Hon.  E.  B. 
Nealley,  Mayor  of  Bangor,  from  Hon.  George  E. 
Macomber,  Mayor  of  Augusta,  from  Hon.  J.  E.  Ladd, 
Mayor  of  Gardiner,  from  Hon.  M.  N.  McCusick,  Mayor 
of  Calais,  from  the  Mayor  of  Newburg,  N.  Y.,  and  from 
Gen.  John  T.  Richards  of  Gardiner;  also  from  State 
Councillors  Hon.  Ernest  M.  Goodall  of  Sanford,  and 
Hon.  Lambert  Sands  of  Sebec,  were  received,  regretting 
that  on  account  of  previous  engagements  they  should 
be  deprived  of  the  pleasure  of  being  present. 

The  Mayor  of  St.  John,  N.  B.,  whose  wife  is  a  native 
of  Portland,  expected  to  be  present,  but  being  unable 
to,  sent  the  following  telegram : 

St.  Johx,  N.  B.,  July  3,  18S6. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor: 

Regret  exceedingly.  Important  business  prevents  me  joining  you 
in  the  Centennial  celebration.  Please  make  my  apologies.  \\'ishing 
you  success.  J.  S.  Bois  DeVebber,  Mayor. 

The  following  letter  from  Hon.  Frederick  Douglass 
was  in  response  to  one  from  the  clerk  of  the  committee 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  some  historical  informa- 
tion, which  was  deemed  of  importance  in  connection 
with  the  celebration : 


348  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION 

Washington,  D.  C,  Apr.  23d,  1886. 
John  T.  Hull,  Esq. 

My  Dear  Sir  :  I  am  unable  to  give  the  exact  date  of  my  first 
visit  to  Portland  but  now  think  it  was  the  year  after  I  first  entered 
the  anti-slavery  field  as  a  speaker,  and  that  would  make  it  the  sum- 
mer of  1842.  I  was  the  guest  of  Oliver  and  Lydia  Dennett.  I  well 
remember  the  Sunday  afternoon,  when  on  the  granite  post  of  the 
steps  of  the  old  City  Hall,  I  spoke  to  a  crowd  of  about  one 
thousand,  who  had  stopped  to  hear  me.  I  have  spoken  in  Portland 
many  times  since,  and  well  remember  the  hospitality  of  Genl. 
Fessenden,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dennett,  Judge  Ware  and  others.  Vast 
and  wonderful  changes  have  been  wrought  since  those  stormy  days. 
I  like  to  be  reminded  of  them  by  those  who  took  interest  in  the 
cause  of  the  slave  in  its  infancy.  The  contrast  between  now  and 
then  gives  me  hope  and  faith  for  the  future.  When  I  stood  on 
those  stone  steps  in  Portland,  forty-four  years  ago,  I  was  a  fugitive 
from  slavery  and  liable  to  recapture  and  a  return  to  bondage,  but 
now  I  am  free.  Then  I  was  unknown,  now  I  am  well-known.  Then 
I  was  at  the  mercy  of  the  mob.  Now  I  am,  in  this  city  at  least,  pro- 
tected by  law,  and  for  nine  years  have  held  important  offices  in  the 
capital  of  the  nation. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Fred'k  Douglass. 


LETTER    FROM    REV.    HORATIO   STEBBINS. 

San  Francisco,  1609  Larkin  St.,  April  28,  18S6. 
Mr.  John  T.  Hull. 

My  Dear  Sir  :  I  thank  you  and  the  committee  for  the  respect 
they  have  shown  me  in  asking  me  to  be  present  at  the  Portland 
Centennial  on  the  ist  of  July.  I  have  an  informal  purpose  to  visit 
New  England  this  season,  but  I  am  unable  at  present  to  decide 
whether  or  not  I  could  be  there  at  the  date  of  your  festivities.  At 
present  I  can  say  no  more,  and  I  would  ask  you,  therefore,  to  con- 
sider me  a  possible  but  an  accidental  guest. 

I  am,  yours  truly, 

Horatio  Stebbins. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  349 

LETTER    FROM    REV.    CYRUS    A.    BARTOL. 

Manchester,  Mass.,  io  June,  1886. 
To  Charles  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor  of  the  City  of  Portland. 

Dear  Sir  :  But  for  unavoidable  engagements  in  preparing,  during 
the  first  fortnight  in  July,  to  speak  both  in  Concord  and  in  Boston,  it 
would  be  my  pleasure  as  well  as  duty  to  attend  your  Centennial. 
After  Freeport,  the  place  of  my  birth,  no  spot  is  to  me  so  dear  and 
beautiful  as  Portland ;  pictured  as  it  is  in  the  memory  of  my  boy- 
hood, indelibly  associated  with  the  home  of  my  parents  and  the 
graves  of  kindred  dust,  and  with  the  town  schools  where  Jackson  and 
Libbey  taught  my  youth,  and  stirred  in  me  the  ambition  to  go  to 
Brunswick  for  a  college  education.  Mount  Joy,  where  John  Neal  set 
up  a  gymnasium  for  classes  of  lads ;  Bramhall's  hill  looking  toward 
the  White  Mountains ;  the  wharves  of  world-wide  commerce,  at  the 
head  of  one  of  which  my  father  had  a  store ;  Deering's  woods,  in 
which  I  roved  and  mused  and  perhaps  began  to  pray ;  Cape  Eliza- 
beth, that  was  my  introduction  to  the  Atlantic  ocean ;  and  the  Pre- 
sumpscot  river,  on  its  quiet  way  to  the  sea,  make  the  fame  of  a 
canvas  whose  charm  no  painter  less  than  the  great  Artist  can  match 
for  my  heart. 

The  city  of  Portland,  the  pearl  of  Casco  Bay,  she  shines  and  casts 
no  shadow,  appearing  ever  as  under  a  vertical  sun. 

Truly,  cordially  yours, 

C.  A.  Bartol. 


LETTER    FROM    DANIEL   C.    COLESWORTHV. 

Boston,  June  11,  1886. 
John  T.  Hull,  Clerk  of  Committee. 

Dear  Sir  :  I  am  very  much  obliged  for  the  invitation  to  visit 
Portland  at  coming  Centennial  anniversary,  signed  by  your  Mayor, 
but  fear  that  I  may  not  have  the  pleasure  to  attend.  You  seem  to 
be  making  great  preparations  for  the  event,  and  I  doubt  not  that  it 
will  be  worthy  of  the  occasion. 

Yours,  D.  C.  COLESWORTHY. 


350  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

LETTER    FROM    CHARLES    J.    CHAINDOLPH. 

Sailors  Snug  Harbor,  Staten  Island, 

Richmond  County,  New  York, 

June  1 2th,  iS86. 
Gentlemen  of  the  Committee: 

In  reply  to  your  cordial  invitation  to  attend  the  Centennial  Anni- 
versary celebration  of  your  beautiful  city,  I  would  state  that  I  shall 
be  unable  to  do  po,  on  account  of  illness.  You  may  be  assured  that 
many  of  the  sons  of  Portland  now  residing  here  would  avail  them- 
selves of  the  privilege  to  visit  once  more  the  city  of  their  birth  were 
they  not  incapable  from  sickness  and  old  age,  and  want  of  funds. 

With  many  thanks  for  the  kindness  of  the  committee  in  remember- 
ing the  old  sailors,  and  the  hopes  that  there  may  be  no  untoward 
event  to  mar  the  occasion. 

I  remain,  gentlemen. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Chas.  J.  Chaindolph. 

LETTER    FROM    RT.    REV,    DENIS    M.    BRADLEY. 

Manchester,  N.  H.,  June  14,  1SS6. 
Dear  Sir  :  Your  invitation  to  be  present  at  Portland's  Centennial 
celebration  as  the  guest  of  the  city,  was  received  in  due  time.  I 
assure  you  I  appreciate  very  highly  your  kindness,  and  would  gladly 
avail  myself  of  it  were  it  not  that  a  j^revious  and  imperative  engage- 
ment prevents  me  from  so  doing. 

Yours  very  gratefully  and  respectfully, 

Denis  M.  Bradley, 

BisJiop  of  Ma7ichester. 
His  Honor,  Chas.  J.  Chapman,  Mayor. 

letter    from    HON.    MARK    H.    DUNNELL. 

Owatonna,  Minn.,  June  16,  1SS6. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor  of  Portland. 
Dear  Sir  :     Your  polite   invitation  to  be  the  guest  of  the  city  of 
Portland  on  the  occasion  of  her  Centennial  anniversary  July  4th,  5th, 
and  6th  of  next  month  has  been  duly  received.     Accept  my  thanks 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  351 

for  the  invitation  and  be  assured  of  my  sincere  regrets  that  engage- 
ments, already  made,  will  render  it  impossible  for  me  to  be  present. 
I  have  strong  attractions  toward  your  city — was  born  but  fifteen 
miles  from  it.  It  was  the  first  city  I  ever  saw,  and  to  me,  a  boy,  it 
was  an  immense  city.  To  me  and  my  family  for  two  years  it  was  our 
home,  and  always  remembered  with  aflection. 

Yours  respectfully, 

Mark  H.  Bunnell. 

letter  from  lsaac  m(  lellan. 

Greeni'ORT,  L.  I.,  June  13,  1886. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor : 

Dear  Sir  :  I  was  greatly  pleased  today  to  receive  your  kind  card 
of  invitation  to  be  present  at  the  anniversary  celebration  of  Port- 
land, the  beloved  and  my  place  of  birth,  and  I  greatly  regret  that  I 
shall  be  unable  to  attend ;  but  you  have  my  best  heart-felt  good 
wishes  that  your  celebration  shall  be  in  all  respects  a  most  interest- 
ing and  successful  one.  Since  receiving  your  card  this  morning  I 
have  been  pleasantly  employing  my  pen  in  writing  some  verses 
appropriate  to  the  occasion,  and  I  hope  they  may  meet  with  your 
approval,  and  1  shall  be  very  glad  to  receive  a  printed  report  of  the 
ceremonies. 

I  was  born  in  Portland,  May  21,  1806,  and  am  of  course  eighty 
years  of  age.  My  father,  then  a  merchant  in  Portland  for  several 
years,  subsequently  removed  to  Boston.  I  entered  Bowdoin  College, 
and  graduated  in  1826.  In  my  vacation  journeys  to  and  from 
Brunswick  I  always  remained  in  Portland  for  a  few  days,  where  I 
had  many  friends  and  relatives,  and  on  one  occasion  passed  the 
whole  summer  vacation  in  your  delightful  city,  where  I  met  daily 
with  Longfellow,  Mellen,  Wingate,  Preble,  and  others  of  my  college 
friends.  Yours  most  respectfully, 

Isaac  McLellan. 

LETTER  from  HON.  FRANCIS  SPRINGER. 

CoLUMiuis  Junction,  Iowa,  June  15th,  1S86. 
Hon.  Chas.  J.  Chapman,  Portland,  Maine. 

Dear  Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  the  nth  instant,  and  also  a  copy  of  the  elegant  card  of  the 
committee  of  which  you  are  chairman,  addressed  "To  the  sons  and 


352  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

daughters  of  Portland  and  its  former  residents,"  inviting  me  to  the 
proposed  celebration  of  her  Centennial  anniversary. 

In  reply,  I  beg  to  say  that  I  shall  be  glad  (if  I  well  can)  to  be 
present  on  an  occasion  so  full  of  interest  to  all  the  sons  and 
daughters  of  the  "  Pine  Tree  State,"  who  always,  present  or  absent, 
feel  a  just  pride  in  the  fame  and  prosperity  of  her  metropolis,  a  city 
so  rich  in  historic  interest,  in  the  beauty  of  her  island  gems  and 
other  natural  scenery,  as  well  as  in  the  eminence  of  her  gifted  men 
and  women,  past  and  present. 

Thanking  you  and  the  committee  for  the  courtesies  received, 
I  am  with  true  regard,  your  obedient  servant, 

Francis  Springer. 

The  Loyalists  of  Falmouth  :  At  the  time  of  the 
American  Revolution  some  of  the  most  prominent 
families  then  residing  in  Falmouth,  now  Portland, 
adhered  to  the  Crown,  and  as  a  consequence  were 
banished,  forfeited  their  estates  here,  and  sought  new 
homes  in  the  wilds  of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia, 
where  their  descendants  became  distinguished  and  hon- 
ored. It  was  deemed  expedient  on  an  occasion  like  the 
Centennial  anniversary  to  extend  invitations  to  the 
descendants  of  those  whose  hearth-stones  were  on  Fal- 
mouth Neck,  to  be  present  with  us  on  this  joyous 
occasion.  Invitations  were  accordingly  sent  to  mem- 
bers of  the  Jack  family,  who  were  the  descendants  of 
Thomas  Wyer,  a  merchant  here  before  the  Revolution; 
and  also  to  members  of  the  Wiswall  family  who  de- 
scended from   Rev.  John   Wiswall,^  who  was  the  rector 

'  Note  py  the  Editor. — W.   H.  Wiswell,  Esq.,  of  Halifax,  N.  S.,  writes,  that 

in  the  church  at  Middleton,  Wilmot  Parish,  N.  S.,  there  is  a  monument  on  which 

is  the  following  inscription  : 

"sacred  to  the  memory  of  the 

REVEREND  JOHN  WISWALL,  A.M., 

Who  was  born  at  Boston,  U.  S.,  3d  April,  1731. 

Ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  1764. 

He  left  his  native  land  in  1775,  in  consequence  of  the  revolutionary  struggle,  and  was  appointed 

Rector  of  the  Parish  of  Wilmot  in  1789,  where  he  continued  till  his  death,  2d  Dec,  liSiz. 

He  was  the  first  clergyman  of  any  denomination  who  settled  in  this  place." 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  353 

of  St.  Paul's  church,  when  the  war  commenced.  Of  the 
Jack  family  two  representatives  were  present,  viz.,  Hon. 
Isaac  A.  Jack,  Recorder  of  the  City  of  St.  John,  and 
D.  R.  Jack,  Esq.,  of  the  same  place ;  and  the  following 
letter  was  also  received  from  Edward  Jack,  Esq.,  of 
Fredericton,  N.  B.,  who  is  a  grandson  of  Thomas 
Wyer: 

LETTER    FROM    EDWARD    JACK. 

Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  28  June,  1886. 

Dear  Sir  :  The  kind  invitation  of  the  City  of  Portland  to  be 
present  on  the  Centennial  anniversary  of  its  incorporation  has  been 
received  by  me  with  much  pleasure,  and  I  greatly  regret  that  I  will 
be  unable  to  be  present  on  so  interesting  an  occasion.  Our  fathers 
differed  in  their  views  as  to  the  path  of  duty.  They  have  all  arrived 
at  that  common  home  where,  for  the  just,  everlasting  peace  reigns  ; 
that  their  descendants  may  for  all  time  dwell  together  in  unbroken 
harmony  in  the  fear  and  favor  of  our  Almighty  Father  and  Protector 
is  my  earnest  desire.  Yours  truly, 

Edward  Jack. 

J.  T.  Hull,  Esq.,  Portland,  Me. 

Of  the  Wiswall  family  no  representative  was  present, 
but  a  letter  was  received  from  a  member  of  the  family,, 
viz.: 

letter    from    archdeacon    GILPIN. 

Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  June  26,  1886. 

My  Dear  Sir  :  Thank  you  very  much  for  your  kind  note  of  invi- 
tation to  the  Portland  celebration.  It  would  give  me  great  pleasure 
to  be  present.  My  work  here  will  prevent  me.  Our  Synod  meets 
on  the  first,  and  will  extend  over  a  week. 

My  mother  was  a  Wiswall,  a  descendant  of  the  Rev.  John  Wiswall 
of  whom  you  write.     He   came  to  Nova  Scotia  and  took  advantage 
of  an  offer  of  land  (and  use  of  a  glebe)  which  was  reserved  for  the 
first  clergyman  who  should  assume  charge  in  Wilmot, 
23 


354  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

He  left  two  sons,  Peleg,  who  became  a  judge  in  the  courts  of  law, 
and  John,  who  remained  on  the  homestead.  My  mother  was  daughter 
of  John.  He  had  seven  children.  One  son  married  and  left  a  large 
family.  They  have  become  pretty  well  scattered,  and  I  think  the 
homestead  has  passed  into  other  hands. 

The  \\'m.  H.  Wiswell  of  whom  you  write  is  no  doubt  of  the  same 
family.  The  little  difference  of  spelling  in  the  two  names  is  not  of 
any  moment. 

I  have  a  book  entitled  "  Historical  View  of  the  Commission 
Appointed  for  Elnquiring  into  Losses,  &c.,  of  American  Loyalists  in 
1783,  by  John  Eardley  Wilmot." 

Again  thanking  you, 

I  remain  yours  truly, 

Edwin  Gilpin. 

John  T.  Hull,  Esq. 


LETTER  FROM  HON.  HOSEA  ILSLEY. 

Chkt.sea,  June  iSth,  1886. 
John  T.  Hull,  Esq., 

Ckrk  of  the  Centennial  of  Portland^  Ale. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  several  communications  to  me  have  been  duly 
received  and  contents  noted.  I  thank  the  committee  for  their  very 
kind  invitation  to  attend  the  approaching  Centennial  of  Portland,  it 
having  been  my  dwelling  place  for  nearly  half  of  my  lifetime.  My 
physical  condition  is  such  as  to  forbid  me  from  participating  in  the 
services  of  that  interesting  occasion.  My  hearing  is  so  impaired 
that  I  can  hear  nothing  in  an  assemblage  of  people  and  my  eyesight 
is  very  poor  and  I  am  not  very  strong,  so  that  I  feel  that  it  would  be 
hazardous  for  me  to  encounter  the  ceremonies  of  so  interesting  an 
occasion  as  will  transpire  at  that  time.  I  therefore  must  deny  myself 
the  pleasure  of  greeting  those  whom  I  love  and  respect.  Please 
accept  my  heartfelt  thanks  for  your  courtesies  extended  to  me  on 
this  occasion. 

I  am  yours  truly, 

Hosea  Ilsley. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  oOO 

LETTER    FROM    ANDREW   SCOTT. 

To  THE  Hon.  Charlel;  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor  of  the  City  of  Portland, 

And  the  Committee  on  the  celebration  of  its  lOOth  year. 
Gents  :     Please  receive  my  thanks  for  the  honor  you  have  done 
me  by  your  special  invitation  as  the  guest  of  the  city  to  attend  at  the 
exercises  on  the  coming  July.      It  would  have  been  a  great  pleasure 
had    I    been    able   to    accept   your   invitation,    but  my   years    and 
consequent  infirmities  prevent.      In  my  varied  life  through  our  own 
and  in   foreign  countries  my  memories  have  always  turned  to  Port- 
land as  my  natal  home.      I  have  never  been  at  home  anywhere  else. 
"  Let  Portland  flourish." 
Respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Andrew  Scott. 
Flushing,  N.  Y.,  June  19,  1886. 


letter  from   SARGENT  S.  PRENTISS. 

Xew  Orleans,  June  19th,  1S86. 

Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor  of  Portland. 
Dear  Sir:  I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  nth  instant,  ask- 
ing me  to  be  the  guest  of  your  city  during  the  Centennial  celebra- 
tion of  July  next,  and  I  hasten  to  express  my  appreciation  of  your 
kind  invitation,  and  my  gratification  at  this  tribute  to  my  father's 
memory.  I  regret  to  say  that  I  cannot  be  present  upon  this  occasion, 
but  I  shall  be  with  you  in  spirit,  and  shall  join  you  in  wishing  suc- 
cess and  prosperity  to  your  beautiful  city. 

I  remain,  very  respectfully  yours, 

S.  S.  Prentiss. 


TELEGRAM    FROM    SARGENT    S.    PRENTISS. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  July  5th.  18S6. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor,  and  Chairman: 
Accept  my  congratulations  and  best  wishes. 

S.  S.  Prentiss. 


356  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

LETTER  FROM  BISHOP  SOUTHGATE, 

Ravenswood,  Long  Island,  June  20th,  1SS6, 
Hon.  Chas.  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor,  Portland,  Maine. 
Dear  Sir:  I  regret  that  it  will  not  be  in  my  power  to  attend  the 
Centennial  celebration  of  the  founding  of  my  native  city.  The 
recollections  of  childhood  and  part  of  the  work  of  my  manhood 
make  it  very  dear  to  me.  The  names  of  the  men  w^ho  were  its  lead- 
ing citizens  fifty  years  ago  are  familiar  to  me,  and  their  faces  I 
remember  well.  Events  which  help  to  make  up  the  history  of  its 
first  century  transpired  before  my  eyes.  It  would  be  for  me  a  touch- 
ing memorial  to  mingle  in  the  three  days'  celebration,  but  circum- 
stances which  I  cannot  control,  prevent  my  attendance. 
I  am  yours  sincerely, 

Horatio  Southgate, 

letter  from  hon.  erastus  brooks. 

West  New  Brighton, 

Staten  Island,  June  21,  1SS6, 
Hon.  Chas.  J.  Chapman,  Mayor. 

Mv  Dear  Sir  :  If  I  could  control  my  own  pleasure  and  wholly 
control  my  own  wishes,  I  would  be  in  Portland  at  the  Centennial 
anniversary  celebration  of  my  native  city.  But  as  the  president  of 
the  oldest  institution  for  the  instruction  of  the  deaf  and  dumb  of  the 
country  I  had  previously  committed  myself  to  visit  the  Pacific  at 
about  the  same  time  in  company  with  the  principals  and  instructors 
of  the  several  like  institutions  of  the  country  at  large.  In  early  July 
I  expect  to  be  nearer  Portland,  Oregon,  than  to  Portland,  Maine, 
Absence  from  the  latter  city  upon  an  occasion  of  so  much  public 
interest, —  and  especially  to  one  born  in  old  Portland,  more  than 
seventy  years  since, —  as  it  was  to  my  parents,  when  alive,  is  indeed 
the  source  of  very  great  regret.  Only  once  in  any  common  lifetime  is 
the  citizen  permitted  to  share  in  a  centennial  celebration.  Most  of 
my  own  past  lifetime  have  been  years  of  absence  from  my  native 
city  ;  but  the  old  home,  the  old  memories,  "  the  town  seated  by  the 
sea,"  the  hundred  and  more  beautiful  islands,  the  uplands  at  each 
end  of  the  town,  the  bay  and  harbor  of  unrivalled  beauty,  the  woods 
and  trees  that  have  outlived  in  time  our  oldest  lives,  the  faces  and 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 


357 


voices  of  friends  that  never  die  while  memory  lives,  the  graveyards 

where  so  many  thousands  born  upon  the  soil  have  been  buried,  and 

whose  names  we  read  as  a  record  and  memorial  of  the  past,  the 

churches  of  all  faiths  and  doctrines,  the  old  commerce  to  the  West 

Indies  and  elsewhere,  the  fight  near  the  harbor  between  the  Enterprise 

and  Boxer,  that  soon  ended  in  the  freedom  of  the  seas,  and  in  the 

war  of  i8i2-'i5   in   which,  at  its  close,  my  father  lost  his  life  after 

faithful   service  in   defence   of  this  freedom  ;  these    are  among    the 

many  recollections  of   the  hour,  and  which  in  all  that  is  of   national, 

state  or  local  interest  will  be  present  with  you  in  the  coming  days 

of  July.      Accept  my  cordial  thanks  for  your  invitation  as  the  guest 

of  the  city,  and  believe  me  to  be 

Fraternally  yours, 

Erastus  Brooks. 

Note. — Erastus  Brooks,  who  has  died  within  a  short  time,  was  a  native  of  Port- 
land, and  always  manifested  a  great  interest  in  its  welfare.  His  intention  was  to 
have  been  present  at  the  celebration.  He  was  one  of  two  brothers  whose  careers 
have  been  watched  with  great  interest  by  many  of  the  older  citizens  of  Portland. 
James,  the  elder  brother,  was  born  in  Cape  Elizabeth,  in  1807,  and  graduated  at 
Waterville  College  in  183 1.  His  career  as  editor  of  the  Portland  Advertiser, 
foreign  correspondent  of  that  paper,  founder  of  the  New  York  Express  and  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  is  familiar  to  the  public.  His  younger  brother,  Erastus,  was 
born  in  Portland  in  181 5.  They  were  the  sons  of  Capt.  James  Brooks,  who  com- 
manded the  privateer  "  Yankee  "  during  the  war  of  181 2.  Their  mother,  when 
left  a  widow,  married  Joseph  Dudley,  who  resided  and  kept  a  small  grocery  shop 
on  Fore  street,  corner  of  Fox's  lane,  where  Philip  Quinn  afterwards  lived.  The 
boys  went  to  our  town  schools,  and  are  well  remembered  by  many  of  our  older 
citizens.  Erastus  learned  the  printer's  trade  in  this  town,  and  had  a  hand  in  vari- 
ous newspaper  enterprises  in  this  State  and  elsewhere,  having  been  associated 
with  John  G.  Whittier  in  the  editorship  of  the  Essex  Gazette,  at  Haverhill.  He 
was  Washington  correspondent  and  editor  of  iht  Portland  Advertiser  2^n6.  the  .V.  V. 
Express,  and  became  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  latter  paper.  He  served  in  the 
New  York  Senate,  and  was  long  a  prominent  figure  in  the  politics  of  that  .'~;tate. 
He  was  possessed  of  sound  judgment  and  stability  of  character,  which  gave  him 
influence  with  all  his  associates. 

LETTER  FROM  BISHOP  BURGESS. 

QuiNCY,  Illinois,  June  21st,  1SS6. 
Charles  J.  Chapman,  Esq., 

Mayor,  Portland,  Maine. 
Dear  Sir  :     I  thank  you  and  the  Centennial  committee  for  your 


358  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

recollection  of  me  and  for  the  invitation  extended  to  me  with  the 
accompanying  hospitality. 

I  accept  with  much  pleasure,  and  am  grateful  for  your  courtesy. 
Yet  I  am  forced  to  say  that  it  is  altogether  possible  that  I  may  be 
obliged  to  recall  the  acceptance.  If  so,  I  will  send  early  and  hope 
for  your  needy  pardon. 

With  the  best  of  wishes,  I  remain, 

Yours  cordially, 

Alex'r  Burgess, 

Bishop  of  Qubicy. 

LETTER  FROM  HON.  STEWART  L.  WOODFORD. 

New  York,  June  22cl,  iS86. 
Dear  Mr.  Mayor  : 

I  had  hoped  I  might  be  able  to  accept  your  good  invitation  to 
attend  the  Portland  Centennial.  My  wife  tells  me  that  I  owe  the 
invitation  entirely  to  the  fact  that  she  was  born  in  Portland.  I  pre- 
sume she  is  correct,  for  she  has  always  brought  me  "good  luck  and 
that  daily."  We  both  regret  that  we  cannot  come,  but  our  best 
wishes  will  be  with  all  our  Portland  friends  for  a  happy  gathering. 

Sincerely, 

Stewart  L.  Woodford. 
The  Honorable  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Mayor  and  Chairman. 

LETTER    from    MRS.    CLARA    BARNES    MARTIN. 

Hon.  C.  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor  of  Portlaiid. 
Dear  Sir  :     I  cannot  too  much  regret  that  a  severe  illness  obliges 
me  to  decline  the  flattering  honor  you  so  kindly  do  me  in  inviting  me 
to  be  the  "guest  of  the  city"  at  the  coming  Centennial  anniversary. 
Believe  me,  with  heartfelt  thanks. 

Sincerely  yours, 

Clara  Barnes   Martin. 
4  Otis  Place,  Boston,  June  21,  1886. 

Note. — Mrs.  Martin,  whose  sickness  prevented  her  attendance  at  the  Centennial 
celebration,  died  on  September  6th  last  in  Boston,  and  her  remains  rest  in  Ever- 
green Cemetery.  She  was  born  in  Waterville,  and  was  the  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late  Phineas  Barnes,  the  former  editor  of  the  Portland  Advertiser.  She  came  to 
Portland  when  a  child,  with  her  father  and  family,  in  1839,  and  her  girlhood  was 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  359 

spent  here.  She  was  a  graduate  of  the  Portland  High  School.  She  took  a  great 
interest  in  the  proposed  Centennial  celebration,  and  it  was  at  her  suggestion  that 
the  hymn  on  page  56,  which  was  a  great  favorite  of  her  father's,  wa.'j  sung  in  the 
churches  at  the  services  on  July  4th.  She  said,  in  a  letter  to  the  edit(jr  of  the 
Advertiser,  "  It  is  a  serious  grief  to  nie,  that  will  last  the  rest  of  my  lite,  that  I 
shall  miss  the  Centennial  to  which  I  have  been  so  kindly  and  flatteringly  invited." 
She  was  a  contributor  to  the  literary  columns  of  the  N.  Y.  Post,  and  wrote  a  very 
interesting  sketch  and  guide-book  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  which  had  the  effect  to 
attract  attention  to  that  now  favored  re-sort. 

LETTER    FROM    MRS.    WILLIS,    WIDOW   OF    N.    P.    WILLIS. 

Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman. 

Dear  Sir  :  I  regret  very  sincerely  that  it  will  not  be  in  my  power 
to  accept  your  polite  and  attractive  invitation  for  the  Centennial 
celebration  in  your  beautiful  city. 

Thanking  you  for  your  courtesy  and  for  that  of  your  committee, 
I  remain  respectfully  yours, 

Cornelia  Grinnell  Willis. 
New  Bedford,  June  23,  1886. 

letter  from  MRS.  MARY  NEAL  SHERWOOD. 

123  Charles  St.  A  v.,  Baltimore. 
To  Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman. 

Dear  Sir:     It  is  with  great  regret  that  I  find  myself  compelled 
to   relinquish    the    pleasure    of    being   present    at    the    Centennial 
anniversary  of  a  city  that  will  always  be  very  dear  to  me.     Thank- 
ing you  for  your  very  courteous  invitation,  I  am. 
Very  sincerely  yours, 

Mary  Neal  Sherwood. 
June  24th,  1886. 

letter  from  MARGARET  E.  NEAL. 

Baltimore,  June  24th,  1SS6. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman. 

Dear  Sir:  Permit  me  to  acknowledge,  with  many  thanks,  the 
card  of  invitation  from  the  Centennial  Committee,  received  a  few 
days  since. 

It  is  with  great  regret  that  I  am  obliged  to  decline  being  present 
on  the  occasion,  but  beg  to  offer  my  heartiest  good  wishes  with  the 


360  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

hope  that  the  "  City  of  the  Sea,"  so  dear  to  the  heart  of  my  beloved 
father,  may  wear  its  fairest  aspect  in  celebrating  its  birthday. 

Very  respectfully, 

Margaret  Eleanor  Neal. 

letter  from  frederick   frothingham. 

Milton,  Mass.,  June  26,  jSS6. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman,  Messrs.  Wm.  M.  Marks,  George  H. 
Abbott  and  Eliphalet  G.  Spring,  Committee,  etc. 
Gentlemen  :     Your  favor  inviting  me  to  be  present  at  the  Cen- 
tennial celebration   of  the   City  of  Portland  is  received  and   most 
gratefully  acknowledged. 

I  should  be  glad  if  it  were  in  my  power  to  be  present  and  a  sharer 
in  the  festivities  of  the  joyous  occasion.  But  since  that  is  not  per- 
mitted me,  I  can  but  express  the  interest  I  feel  in  all  that  concerns 
the  prosperity  of  the  beautiful  old  Forest  City,  associated  with 
ancestral  memories  and  memories  of  happy  days,  and  wish  that  the 
celebration  may  not  only  prove  delightful  and  successful,  but  also 
contribute  to  creating  in  the  minds  and  hearts  of  all  who  share  in  it 
a  new  devotion  to  the  good  city's  highest  welfare. 
I  remain,  gentlemen, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Fred'k  Frothingham, 

letter    from    bishop    STEVENS. 

Philadelphia,  June  26th,  1886. 
Hon.  C.  J.  Chapman,  Mayor. 

Dear  Sir:  I  beg  you  to  accept  my  sincere  thanks  for  the  invita- 
tion to  attend  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  your  beautiful  city. 

As  a  native  of  Maine  it  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  attend 
such  a  gathering  and  participate  in  its  exercises,  but  my  health  for 
the  last  ten  months  has  been  so  feeble  and  uncertain  that  I  am 
compelled  to  forego  all  such  public  gatherings ;  and  hence  I  am 
compelled  to  decline  this  kind  invitation.  Hoping  that  the  celebra- 
tion may  be  a  complete  success,  I  remain. 

Yours  truly, 

Wm.  Bacon  Stevens, 

Bishop  of  Pennsylvania. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  oOl 

LETTER  FROM  MRS.  ANN  S.  STEPHENS. 

38  East  Sixtv-third  Street, 

New  V'ork,  June  29th,  1886. 
Centennial  Committee  of  the  City  of  Portland. 

Gentlemen  :  Many  thanks  for  your  cordial  invitation  to  join  in 
the  Centennial  celebration  of  your  beautiful  city.  Nothing  could 
give  me  greater  pleasure  than  the  power  to  accept  a  hospitality  of 
which  my  remembrance  has  remained  sacred  and  undimmed  through- 
out half  a  century — for  it  was  in  Portland  that  my  first  literary  efforts 
were  made,  and  there  they  were  received  with  such  kindly,  encour- 
aging consideration,  that  when  I  left  that  city,  fifty  long  years  ago,  I 
carried  with  me  grateful  memories  of  the  best  friends  that  ever 
brightened  my  life.  But  these  dear  friends  have  passed,  one  by  one, 
to  the  sacred  resting  place  that  overlooks  your  noble  bay,  and  even 
if  the  infirmities  of  age  would  permit  my  joining  in  your  festivities, 
the  pleasure  of  meeting  the  descendants  of  those  who  honored  me 
by  their  friendship  would  be  dimmed  by  the  thought  that  I  had  come 
on  a  pilgrimage  from  one  generation  to  another.  The  same  honored 
names  would  be  there  and,  1  feel  and  know,  the  same  cordial  greet- 
ing; but  those  who  bore  those  names — my  own  dear  friends — would 
be  gone  beyond  the  threshold  of  that  other  world,  on  which  your 
message  reaches  me.  The  thought  of  this  would  lend  a  shade  of 
sadness  even  to  the  pride  and  happiness  of  seeing  the  dear  old  place 
again,  more  prosperous,  more  doubly  blessed  than  ever,  and  I  feel 
that  the  ordeal  would  be  more  than  my  strength  could  endure. 
Nothing  but  this  could  prevent  my  accepting  so  kind  and  thoughtful 
an  invitation  to  revisit  a  place  that  has  been  warmly  in  my  heart  for 
half  a  century  and  will  be  so  until  that  heart  ceases  its  toil. 
Very  sincerely  and  gratefully  yours, 

Ann  S.  Stephens. 

Note. — Mrs.  Ann  Sophia  Stephens  died  in  New  York  in  September  last,  iier 
husband  having  died  some  years  previous.  She  was  born  in  Derby,  Conn.,  in 
1813,  and  in  1832  married  Edward  Stephens,  a  printer,  and  removed  to  this  city, 
where  she  resided  five  years,  on  Hampshire  street.  Her  husband  was  cmploved 
at  the  Advertiser  office.  She  commenced  her  literary  labor  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
years,  and  in  1835-37  edited  the  Portland  Sketch-Book  and  Portland  Magazine,  of 
which  copies  may  be  seen  in  the  Public  Library.  In  1837  she  removed  to  New 
York  where  she  resided  until  her  death.  She  was  a  voluminous  writer,  having 
written  over  fifty  novels,  and  was  a  contributor  to  various  periodicals.     One  of  the 


362 


CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 


best  known  of  her  novels  is  "Fashion  and  Famine  "  (1S54),  which  appeared  in 
tiiree  French  versions.  A  uniform  edition  of  her  works  was  published  in  I'liila- 
dclphia  in  1S69  (14  vols.,  12  mo.)  She  became  quite  wealthy  from  the  proceeds  of 
her  pcu.  She  always  retained  a  lively  interest  in  I'ortland  matters  and  recollec- 
tions of  lier  former  friends  in  this  city. 

LETTER  FROM  JAMES  PARTON. 

Newburyport,  Ma.ss.,  June  29,  1SS6. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  CHAP^L^N  and  the  Commlitee  on  Invitaitons. 

Gentlemen  :  Accept  the  cordial  thanks  of  Mrs.  Parton  and 
myself  for  the  invitation  you  have  kindly  given  us  to  attend  the 
Centennial  exercises  of  next  week.  I  feel  we  shall  be  unable  to 
leave  home  until  the  third  day,  and  we  cannot  now  be  sure  even  of 
getting  away  then.  Our  best  wishes  will  be  with  you  for  the  com- 
plete success  of  the  celebration. 

I  cannot  forget  that  it  was  the  wanton  burning  of  Falmouth  in 
1775  that  weaned  the  heart  of  New  England  from  the  mother 
country.  Lexington  could  have  been  forgiven,  but  Falmouth  never. 
In  the  ashes  of  the  little  town  on  the  Maine  coast  Independence  was 
born.  The  event  makes  the  site  classic  forever,  and  gives  Falmouth 
a  place  in  the  history  of  human  development. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

James  Parton. 

letter  from   rev.  henry  m.  king. 

Alhanv,  N.  Y.,  June  30,  1SS6. 
Hon.  Chas.  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor  of  Portland,  Maine, 
My  Dear  Sir:  Your  official  invitation  to  me  to  be  present  in 
Portland,  as  a  guest  of  the  city,  at  the  celebration  of  its  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary,  came  duly  to  hand.  Be  assured  of  my  grateful 
appreciation  of  this  courtesy.  I  have  delayed  acknowledging  it 
until  now,  hoping  that  it  might  be  possible  for  me  to  return  a 
favorable  response.  I  am,  however,  compelled,  by  reason  of  un- 
yielding engagements,  to  deny  myself  the  great  pleasure  of  accepting 
your  courteous  invitation. 

My  heart  will  be  with  you  in  the  coming  celebration.  Portland 
has  a  history  of  which  it  may  well  be  proud.  "  Beautiful  for 
situation,"  commanding,  on  the  one  hand,  a  charming  ocean  view, 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  3G3 

and  on  the  other  a  no  less  charming  landscape,  bounded  by  the 
snowy  summits  of  the  distant  New  Hampshire  hills,  it  has  been  the 
joy  of  its  citizens  and  the  admiration  of  its  guests.  Distinguished 
for  the  general  culture  of  its  homes  and  the  virtue  and  substantial 
prosperity  of  its  people,  it  has  been  especially  distinguished  for  the 
eminence  of  many  of  its  sons.  What  Portlander  who  recalls  the 
names  of  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  Sargent  S.  Prentiss,  William  Pitt 
Fessenden,  Henry  B.  Smith,  and  others  who  have  stood  in  the  front 
rank  of  America's  poets,  orators,  statesmen  and  theologians,  does 
not  feel  his  breast  swelling  with  the  happy  consciousness  of  being  "a 
citizen  of  no  mean  city?" 

Of  all  towns  in  this  fair  land  of  ours  no  one,  I  believe,  is  more 
tenderly  beloved  or  has  a  warmer  place  in  the  hearts  of  its  absent 

sons  than 

"  The  beautiful   town 
That  is  seated  by  the  sea." 

Every  remembrance  of  it  brings  to  mind  delightful  and  hallowed 
associations,  bright  visions  of  sunny  days,  and  "  friendships  old  and 
early  k)ves,"  which  touch  the  deepest  emotions  of  the  soul. 
Although  not  yet  within  sight  of  that  venerable  period  of  life  which 
is  sometimes  called  "  the  sere  and  yellow  leaf,"  I  find  myself  often 
repeating  the  words  of  our  poet  laureate  : 

"  And  Deering's  woods  are  fresh  and  fair, 

And  with  joy  that  is  almost  pain, 
My  heart  goes  back  to  wander  there, 
And  among  the  dreams  of  the  days  that  were, 

I  find  my  lost  youth  again." 

The  city  of  Albany,  in  which  I  reside,  claims  to  have  received  the 
first  municipal  charter  granted  in  this  countrj-,  and  therefore  to  be 
the  oldest  American  city.  In  July,  two  weeks  later  than  your 
celebration,  it  will  celebrate  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  continuing 
through  an  entire  week,  the  bi-centennial  of  its  existence  as  a 
chartered  municipality.  The  stately  Dutch  matron  of  two  hundted 
years  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson  sends  her  cordial  greeting  to 
the  fair  young  maiden  of  a  hundred  summers  who  makes  her  morn- 
ing toilet  in  the  sparkling  waters  of  Casco  Bay. 

I  doubt  not  that  your  celebration  will  be  worthy  of  the  city  and  of 
the  occasion,  and  that  great  memories  will  inspire  to  yet  greater 
deeds.  I  remain,  very  respectfully  yours, 

Henry  M.  King. 


3G4  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

LETTER    FROM    SAMUEL    FESSENDEN. 

Stamford,  Conn.,  June  30th,  18S6. 
Hon.  Chas.  J.  Chapman, 

Chairman^  Portland,  Me. 
Dear  Sir:  I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  220!  inst.,  invit- 
ing me  to  attend  the  celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of 
the  city  of  Portland,  July  4th,  5th  and  6th  proximo.  Please  convey 
to  your  committee  my  appreciation  of  their  courteous  invitation,  and 
my  sincere  regret  that  my  professional  engagements  are  such  that  I 
am  unable  to  accept.  Portland  was  the  home  of  my  ancestors,  and 
pleasant  memories  will  carry  me  to  you  in  spirit,  although  I  cannot 
be  with  you  in  person  on  the  occasion  you  celebrate.  I  send  to  you 
and  to  your  committee,  my  most  cordial  good  wishes,  and  to  the 
metropolis  of  Maine,  "  God  speed." 

I  am  very  truly  yours, 

Samuel  Fessenden. 

letter  from  JOHN  WARD  DEAN. 

New  England  Historic  Cenealogical  Society. 

18  Somerset  Street,  Boston,  Mass.,  July  ist,  1SS6. 
Hon.  Charles  J,  Chapman, 

Chairman  of  the  Centennial  Committee,  Portland,  Maine. 

Dear  Sir  :  It  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  accept  your  kind 
invitation  to  attend  the  Centennial  celebration  of  the  incorporation 
of  Portland  as  a  town,  to  be  held  on  the  4th  of  this  month  and  the 
two  following  days ;  but  I  find  that  I  shall  be  obliged  to  deny  myself 
this  pleasure.  I  feel  a  deep  interest  in  everything  pertaining  to 
Portland,  where  I  spent  my  boyhood,  and  where  I  received  my  edu- 
cation. I  was  a  scholar  in  the  Portland  High  School  at  its  opening 
in  January,  1829,  under  its  able  principal,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Tenney. 
Though  it  is  many  years  since  I  resided  there,  I  have  many  friends 
and  relatives  in  Portland  and  its  vicinity,  whom  it  would  be  pleasant 
to  meet,  particularly  on  an  occasion  like  this — an  occasion  which  I 
have  no  doubt  will  do  honor  to  all  concerned  in  it. 

I  shall  always  rejoice  in  the  prosperity  of  the  city  in  which  I  spent 

so  many  pleasant  years,  and  shall  take  pride  in  it  for  having  given  to 

the    nation    such  writers  as  Longfellow,  Willis,  Neal  and  others  of 

national  reputation. 

Respectfully  yours, 

John  Ward  Dean. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  365 

letter  from  phineas  barnes. 

309  Shady  Lane, 
Pittsburg,  East  End,  July  8th,  1886. 
John  T.  Hull,  Esq. 

Dear  Sir  :  Your  favor  of  June  30th  was  received  yesterday  after 
an  absence  from  home  of  a  few  days.  I  am  glad  to  know  that  I  was 
thus  remembered  by  your  committee  as  a  Portlander,  although  I  left 
Portland  nearly  twenty-five  years  ago.  I  am  glad  also  to  see  that  so 
many  pleasant  things  were  said  and  done  in  commemoration  of  the 
historical  season  in  the  old  city's  record,  and  certainly  should  have 
been  glad  to  join  in  them,  if  it  had  at  all  been  practicable  for  me  to 
have  done  so. 

Yours  most  truly, 

P.  Barnes. 


LETTER    FROM    ELIZABETH    OAKES    SMITH. 

New  Berne,  North  Carolina,  June  29th,  18S6. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Chapman   and   Committee   of   Arrangements 
FOR  THE  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  4TH,  5TH  and  6th 
of  July,  1886. 

Gentlemen  :  It  is  with  profound  regret  that  I  find  myself  com- 
pelled to  forego  the  pleasure  I  had  anticipated  in  accepting  the 
invitation  you  had  honored  me  with,  to  be  with  you  on  that  august 
occasion  of  the  4th,  5th  and  6th  of  July,  and  as  the  guest  of  the 
city. 

I  appreciate  fully  the  honor  done  me,  and  have  proceeded  forty 
miles  on  my  way  to  this  Mecca  of  my  heart,  when  circumstances 
beyond  my  control,  presented  obstacles  not  to  be  overcome,  and  I 
am  hindered  in  my  pilgrimage. 

I  hope  you  are  sorry,  but  your  regret  cannot  bear  the  proportion 
of  a  tithe  compared  to  mine.  I  had  so  desired  to  see  old  White 
Head  again,  and  the  beautiful  harbor,  and  look  upon  familiar  scenes 
again;  and  to  seethe  people  who  do  not  "  put  hot  and  rebellious 
liquors  to  the  blood"  to  "steal  away  the  brain." 

I  wanted  to  feel  as  Rob  Roy  did,  when  with  a  stamp  he  said,  "  My 
foot  is  on  my  native  heath,  and  my  name  is  McGregor." 

I  had  so  much  to  see  and  to  learn  and  to  say  as  your  "  oldest 


366  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION 

inhabitant,"  whose  reminiscences  extend  so  far  back  —  when  there 
were  no  steamers  nor  railways ;  and  I  wanted  not  only  to  see  but  be 
seen  by  this  new  beautiful  "generation  arisen  "  which  does  not  forget 
"Joseph;"  and,  more  than  this,  I  was  more  than  willing  to  take  a 
sprinkling  drop  or  two  from  the  vast  shower  of  glory  falling  upon  my 
beloved  city. 

This  cannot  be,  and  I  resign  myself  to  that  endurance  in  which  it 
is  said  we  women  excel.     If  you  could  express  to  the  people  in  some 
sort    the    sorrow    I  naturally  feel  not  to  be  with  them  on  the  pro- 
posed occasion,  it  would  greatly  enhance  my  obligations  to  you. 
With  great  respect,  truly  yours, 

Elizabeth  Oakes  Smith. 

Capt.  Washington  Ilsley,  of  Limerick,  Me.,  regretted, 
under  date  of  July  ist,  that  on  account  of  ill-health  he 
was  unable  to  attend. 

Other  interesting  letters  that  were  received,  were  from 
Livingston  L.  Baker  of  San  Francisco,  H.  B.  Bartol  of 
Philadelphia,  Stillman  B.  Allen  of  Boston,  Rev.  Joseph 
Cummings,  d.  d..  President  of  the  North  Western  Uni- 
versity, Evanston,  Illinois ;  Gen.  Romaine  B.  Ayres,  U. 
S.  Army;  S.  K.  Marston,  President  Inter-State  Grain 
Association,  Onarga,  Illinois;  Nathan  Sawyer,  Boston; 
James  M.  Dodge,  Millburn,  Illinois,  formerly  a  teacher 
of  the  colored  school  in  Portland;  Rev.  Amos  N.  P^ree- 
man,  New  York,  who  was  the  pastor  of  the  Abyssinian 
church  from  1841  to  185 1;  Austin  Willey,  Northfield, 
the  distinguished  anti-slavery  advocate  in  Portland  in 
former  years;  Hon.  Joseph  M.  Day,  Brockton,  Mass.; 
Elizabeth  Akers  Allen,  Ridgewood,  N.  J.;  Hon.  John 
L.  Hayes,  Boston;  Alden  J.  Blcthen,  general  manager 
of  The  Tribune,  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Parker  Williams, 
editor  of  Daily  Register,  Hudson,  N.  Y. ;  Capt.  Wm.  C. 
Manning,  U.  S.  A.,  Fort   Mackinac,  Mich.;   Maria  J.  C. 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  307 

Beckett,  Shenandoah  County,  Virginia;  D.  S.  Trow- 
bridge, Greenwich,  Conn.;  Granville  Carter,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. ;  Rev.  J.  C.  Stockbridge,  Providence,  R.  I.;  Miss 
Etta  S.  Quincy,  Los  Angelos,  Cal. ;  Rev.  William  E. 
Gibbs,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  Charles  J.  Kent,  Louisville,  Ky.; 
C.  M.  Loring,  President  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Hon.  Charles  Levi  Woodbury, 
Boston;  Mrs.  Charlotte  F.  Boynton,  Calistoga,  Cal,  who 
is  eighty-six  years  of  age  (she  is  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Samuel  Freeman,  who  was  one  of  Portland's  most  dis- 
tingmshed  citizens);  William  Ross,  Philadelphia;  Rt. 
Rev.  Wm.  S.  Perry,  Bishop  of  Iowa,  formerly  rector  of 
St.  Stephen's;  Edward  C.  Upham,  Montgomery,  Vt. ; 
Granville  Loud,  Baltimore,  Md.;  Edward  S.  Williams, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Hon.  Asa  P.  Moore,  Lisbon,  Me.;  John 
P.  Neal,  Chicago,  111.;  David  J.  True,  same;  Cyrus  H. 
K.  Curtis,  publisher  of  Home  Journal,  Philadelphia; 
Mrs.  Lucretia  D.  Sewall,  Freehold,  N.  J.;  M.  P.  Wells, 
Marietta,  O.;  Rt.  Rev.  Benj.  H.  Paddock,  Bishop  ot 
Massachusetts,  a  former  rector  of  St.  Luke's;  Rt.  Rev. 
Thomas  M.  Clark,  Bishop  of  Rhode  Island,  a  former 
rector  of  old  St.  Paul's ;  George  A.  Churchill  and 
Lewellyen  Deane,  Washington,  D.  C;  Rev.  J.  K. 
Richardson,  pastor  of  Central  square  Baptist  church, 
East  Boston;  E.  M.  Stackpole,  Galveston,  Tex.;  John 
Bailey,  Washington,  D.  C;  Mrs.  Edward  E.  Shead. 
Eastport,  Me.;  N.  L.  Nelson,  of  the  Sionx  County 
Herald,  Orange  City,  Iowa ;  Mrs.  Henrietta  M.  Crugcr, 
Houston,  Tex.;  Martin  Bradish,  Eastport,  Me.;  James 
C.  Fernald,  Garrettsville,  O.;  Maj.  J.  P.  Jordan,  Boston; 
Prof.  E.  B.  Smith,  Andover,  Mass.;  A.  P.  Stone,  Spring- 
field, formerly  teacher  of  the    Portland    High  School; 


368  CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION. 

Wm.  H.  Fessenden,  Riverside,  Cal. ;  Wm.  L.  Kent, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  George  M.  Brooks,  New  York;  Gen. 
A.  P.  Martin,  Boston;  W.  Storer  Howe,  Philadelphia, 
and  many  others  of  the  sons  and  daughters  of  Portland, 
returning  their  thanks  for  the  invitations,  expressing  a 
great  interest  in  the  proposed  celebration,  and  regretting 
their  inability  to  be  present  on  the  occasion. 

CORRESPONDENCE    WITH    THE     NAVY     DEPARTMENT 
RESPECTING  THE  NORTH  ATLANTIC   SQUADRON. 

A  letter  was  sent  by  the  Mayor  to  Rear  Admiral 
Jouett,  commanding  the  North  Atlantic  squadron,  then 
stationed  at  New  York  Harbor,  extending  an  invitation 
for  himself,  officers  and  crews  of  the  ships  under  his 
command  to  participate  in  the  Centennial  anniversary 
celebration,  and  the  following  reply  was  received: 

North  Atlantic  Station, 

U.  S.  Flagship  Tennessee  (isf  J^afe), 

New  York  Harisor,  June  3d,  1886. 
John  T.  Hull,  Esq., 

Ckrk  of  Conwiittce^  roovi  18,  City  Hall,  Portland,  Me. 
Sir  :  My  thanks  are  due  to  his  Honor,  the  Mayor,  and  yourself, 
for  the  kind  invitation  to  participate  in  the  ceremonies  of  July  4th, 
5th  and  6th.  I  would  be  only  too  happy  to  bring  the  squadron  under 
my  command  to  Portland  at  that  time,  but  all  such  matters  are  in  the 
hands  of  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  I  would  advise  you 
to  communicate  with  the  Navy  Department. 

Very  respectfully, 

Jas.  E.  Jouett, 

Rear  Adntiral  ConuVg  U.  S.  iVaval  Force  on  North  Atlantic  Station. 

A  letter  was  sent  by  the  Mayor  to  the  Hon.  William 
C.  Whitney,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  requesting  that  the 
vessels  comprising  the  squadron  might  be  authorized  to 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  369 

take  part  in  the  celebration,  and  the  following  reply  was 
received : 

Navy  Department, 

Washington,  June  8,  1886. 

Sir  :  I  beg  leave  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the 
5tli  inst.  stating  that  the  people  of  the  City  of  Portland  propose  to 
celebrate  in  an  appropriate  manner  its  Centennial  anniversary  on 
July  4th,  5th  and  6th  next,  and  requesting  that  the  vessels  comprising 
the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  be  directed  to  be  present  at  Portland 
on  the  days  mentioned  to  participate  in  the  celebration. 

In  reply  I  have  to  say  that  at  this  date  it  will  be  impossible  to  say 
whether  it  will  be  practicable  to  comply  with  the  request ;  but  should 
it  be  found  possible,  and  the  Squadron  be  in  the  vicinity  of  Portland 
at  the  time  above  mentioned,  the  Department  will  be  glad  to  have  it 
rendezxous  at  that  place  for  the  celebration  as  requested. 

Very  respectfully,  . 

W.  C.  Whitney, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 
His  Honor,  Charles  J.  Chapman, 

Mayor  of  the  City  of  Portland,  Maine. 

Subsequently,  by  an  order  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  the  vessels  were  ordered  to  Portland,  where 
they  rendered  efficient  aid  in  the  celebration,  and  the 
following  acknowledgment  of  the  services  of  the  fleet 
was  extended  by  the  Mayor: 

CiTV  OK  Portland, 

Mayor's  Office,  July  9th,  1886. 
Admiral  Luce,  Covwianding  N'orth  Atlantic  Squadron. 

My  Dear  Sir:  In  behalf  of  the  city,  as  well  as  personally,  I 
desire  to  express  hearty  acknowledgment  to  yourself  and  the  Naval 
Brigade  under  your  command,  for  the  most  valuable  services  rend- 
ered in  our  recent  Centennial  parade  ;  also  to  compliment  the  officers 
and  men  on  the  splendid  appearance  which  they  made  on  that 
occasion. 

24 


370  CENTENNIAL     CELEBRATION. 

Their  participation  was  a  source  of  exceeding  interest  and  gratifi- 
cation to  our  citizens,  while  the  display  of  the  Brigade  in  a  military 
point  of  view  excited  universal  admiration  and  praise. 

Thanking  you  again  personally  for  your  kindly  offices,  acknowledg- 
ing the  load  of  obligations  under  which  you  ha\e  placed  us,  and 
extending  our  cordial  thanks  to  Captain  Woodward  and  each  of  the 
officers  and  men  under  your  command.     I  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

Yours  respectfully, 

Chas.  J.  Chapman,  Mayor. 

This  acknowledgement  was  extended  to  the  Fleet  by 
Admiral  Luce,  and  the  officers,  sailors  and  marines  of 
the  vessels  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  at  that  time 
in  this  harbor  were  highly  pleased  with  the  publishing 
of  the  following  General  Order  which  was  issued  to 
the  fleet  by  their  Commander-in-Chief: 

U.  S.  Flagship  Tennessee, 

Portland,  Me.,  July  14,  1886. 
General  Order. 

The  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  North  Atlantic  Squadron  takes 
great  pleasure  in  transmitting  herewith  to  the  several  ships  of  this 
command  a  letter  from  his  Honor,  the  Mayor  of  Portland,  ns  well  as 
for  himself  their  appreciation  of  the  services  rendered  by  the  Naval 
Brigade  on  the  occasion  of  the  late  Centennial  parade.  The  organi- 
zation of  the  Brigade,  the  creditable  appearance  and  conduct  of  the 
officers,  seamen,  marines,  and  boys  while  on  shore,  and  their  orderly 
return  to  their  respective  ships  taken  together,  furnishes  very  gratify- 
ing evidence  of  the  discipline  and  efficiency  of  the  squadron. 

S.  B.  Luce, 

Rear  Admiral,  U.  S.  Ahwy,  Com>)iandini^  U.  S.  Ahival  Forces, 

North  Atlantic  Squadro)t. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  City  Council  in  convention,  held 
January  4,  1886,  the  following  communication  from  the 
Mayor  was  read  : 


CENTENNIAL    CELEBRATION.  371 

Gentlemen  of  the  City  Council: 

July  4th,  1886,  is  one  hundred  years  since  the  incorporation  of  the 
Town  of  Portland.  That  the  day  and  event  should  receive  the 
proper  recognition  that  it  deserves,  I  would  most  respectfully  recom- 
mend a  special  committee  of  the  City  Council,  to  be  appointed,  to 
bring  it  early  in  the  spring  to  the  attention  of  our  successors  in  office. 

J.  W.  Deering,  Mayor. 
Note. — Referred  to  on  p.  17. 

On  motion  of  Councilman  Shaw,  the  committee  was 
ordered  to  be  raised  in  each  body  separately.  The 
committee  appointed  were :  The  Mayor,  Aldermen 
Noyes  and  Prince,  Councilmen  Woodbury,  Hobbs  and 
Beale/ 

No  report  was  made  from  this  committee. 


THE    ORGANIZATION    OF    PORTLAND. 

The  meeting  to  organize  the  Town  of  Portland  was 
held  at  the  meeting-house  of  the  First  Parish,  upon  the 
9th  day  of  August,  1 786. 

"  It  was  opened  with  prayer  by  the  venerable  Parson  Smith,  then 
eighty-five  years  of  age,  and  in  the  fifty-ninth  of  his  ministry. 
Enoch  Freeman  was  chosen  moderator,  and  John  Frothingham 
clerk;  John  Fox,  Nathaniel  Deering  and  Peleg  Wadsworth,  select- 
men ;  and  James  Lunt,  Eben  Preble  and  Peter  Warren,  assessors. 
Thus  was  Portland  organized  and  commenced  its  career  as  a  distinct 
incorporative.      It  was  and  is  in  territory  the  smallest  in  the  State." 

'  City  Records — vol.  22,  p.  255. 

Note. — Reference  from  page  ly.  John  T.  Walton,  of  Portland,  is  the  oldest 
member  of  the  Common  Council,  being  a  member  in  1832  (the  year  Portland 
became  a  city).  William  D.  Little  was  a  member  from  1841  to  1850.  Joseph 
Urooks  was  a  member  in  1840-41,  and  Wm.  G.  Kimball  in  1S50-51. 


CORRESPONDENCE.  LETTERS,   ETC.,   SENT  OUT 
AND    RECEIVED. 


Engraved  Invitation  Cards  and  Circnlars  sent,       .       .       .  4,4-6 

Special  invitations, 117 

Letters  and  j^ostal  cards  sent ''775 

High  School  cards, 1,200 

Letters  received, ^>5?i'^ 

Postals         "           337 

1,867 


INDEX. 


NANIES      AND      PLACES. 


Aaronson,  144 

Abbott,      18,  21,  22,  23,  27 

28,  3'J,  42,  »4,  98,  11(>,21G, 

2;«),  232,  3<)0 
Abenaki,  138 

Abysiiinian  rinircli,liil, 

3(k) 
Acartians,  132 

Acton,  Me.,  1.34 

Adams,     18,  22,  27,  29,  4(t, 

85,  86,   91,  110,  116,  117, 

297,  313,  340 
Advertiser,      Portland, 

223,  284,  311,  31(i,357, 358, 

359,  3f)l 
Africa,  106,  283 

Albany,  36,  362,  »W 

Aldermen, 18, 21,  27,  32,  37 
Alexandria,  284 

Algiers,  106 

AUeglianies,  283 

Allen,  41,  200,  366, 

Allen  mission,       31,111, 

112,  119,  219,  221,  260 
Alward,  85 

America,  66,  136,  138,  142, 

283,  287.  289 
Amhei'st  College,  80 

Anderson, 29, 121,  213,219, 

231.200,323 
Andover,  80,  82,  8<i,  92, 367 
Andrade,  230 

Antlrews,  68,  1.39 

Appendix,  345 

Ajipleton,  ,35. 1.54, 189,  231, 

323 
Archer,  9 

Archives,  21 

Argus,  Daily,  42,  224,  258, 

316 
Artillerv,  213,  215, 220, 228 
Ashbridge,  215, 228 

Asbury,  107 

Atkins,  9 

Atkinson,      28,  .31,  :«,  51, 

'il'l 
Atlantic,  283,349 

Atwood,  129 

Auburn,  .38,  215,   CIO,  222, 

2;n,  ;»5 

Auburn  Liglit  Infantry, 

2;6 
Augusta,      37,  38,  39,  215, 

216,  230,  346,  347 
Austin,  260 

Averv,  15 

Ayers,  .35,  366 


Babb. 
Babcock, 


231,  340 
32,  51 


Bach,  ISO 

Back   Cove,   7,  8.  11.  12, 

1.3,  291 
Bacon,  135,  137,  2% 

Badges,  29 

Bagaduce,  282 

Baglev,  0,  7,  77,  l.W 

lUilev.  31.  00,  00,  112,  217. 

201,';«;7 
Bain,  31,  32.  51 

Baird,  147 

Baker,  .39,  40.  63,  8(5,  111, 

113,    213,   220,    229,    261, 

314,  3<i0. 
Baldwin,  331 

Ball,  84 

Ballard,  215 

Ballon.  126  ■ 

Baltimore,  ,37,  44,  00,  107, 

143,  :35U,  W)7 
Bands,    24,  214,  21.5,  218, 

219,  221,  222,  224,  226,  229, 

237,    239,   241,   243,    ii67,  \ 

273.  312,  313 
Bangor,  36,  37,  38,  30,  45, 

120,  166,   2.30.    231,    273, 
313,  314,  .347 

Banks,  /  202 

Banners,  .50,  53,  TA 

Baptist,    churches,    118, 

119,     120,     122-124,    125, 

200,  207,  200,  'Ml. 
Bar  Association,  240 

Bar  Harbor,  241 

Barr,  231 

Barbary,  I'irates'        289 
Barberry  t'reek,  302 

Barbour,  00 

Barker,  325 

Barnes,  30,    113,  21,3,  2,57, 

;«;5 
Barrett,  213,  219 

Barrows,  213,  210.  l'31 

Barto],  3<>,  349,  3<.0 

Barstow,  208 

Basil  ford,        105,  208,  209  : 
Batchelor,  109 

Bates  College,        ;»,  346  ' 
Batli,   38,  39,  >S0,  1.39,   141, 

142,  2.30 
Batli  Liglit  Infantrv.  30, 

217,  230 
Baton  Rouge,  197 

Battt-rv,  213,  220,  230 

Bavlev,  87,  1.54,  1,57 

Baxter,  201,288 

Beal  (Beale,   Beals),  18. 

19,  22,23,27,  29,  105,  113, 

121,  208,  223,    231,    274, 
313,  314,  370,  371 


Bean,  216,  222,  262 

Beaumont,  97 

Beck,  121 

Beckett,  323.367 

Beckwlth,  86 

Beech  er,  80,  120 

Bei'Uian  (l?enian),  82.  85 
Belfast,  Me..  38,  .39 

Belknap,  223 

Benson.  213 

Bcnv,  85.  217 

Bertolette,  214,  228 

Best,  222 

Betliel,  347 

Bethel  church.   38.  83,  99 
Beverly,  l.-)2,  1(.7 

Bibber,  220 

Bickncll,  1.30 

Biddclord,   38.    216,    231, 

2;i.'>,  239 
Biddcford      Light       In- 
fantrv, 216 
Bilboa,"  .307 

Billings,  1.50,  157-(iO 

Bisbee,  126,  205,  210 

Biscay,  307 

Bisjiham,  215, 229 

Bixbv,  38.  2:.0 

Blabon,  240,  2(.l 

Blacknian,  117 

Blackstrap.  3(»4 

Blaine,  :■» 

ISlaisdcll,  78 

Blal<e,   83,   111,   213,   210. 

223 
Blanchard,  40,  12,")-8,  150, 

1,54,  1.59,  205,  274.  280 
BhMhen,  ;m;0 

Blood,  119 

Blue  Point,  44 

Boardman.  ;58, 230 

Board   of  Tra<le,  221.  2^(t 
Bodge,  223 

Bodwell,  ,38,231,312 

Bollcs,       30,  120,  127,  273, 

313,  ,314,  325 

Bolster,  219 

Bolton.  86 

Bond.  77 

Boodv,  323 

Bootes.  215.  229 

Hootlibv,  37,  2;M).  314 

Bordeaux,  1.32 

Boston,    0,    8,    35-38,   45, 

72,   79.   91,   1.34,   i;{5,  1,37, 

139.141,  142,  147,1.54.1.57, 

192,  201,  218,  2.31 ,  2."!.").  2,59, 

284,  2a5,  280,  2!»0,  2;t3.  2;M, 

313,  314.  .328,  a'J5,  ;«9,  XA , 

:352,  ;J58,  3<)4,  300,  3<i7.  3()« 


Boston    \    Maii.e   B.  H., 

2.59.  2<  2 
Bosworlh,  123 

Bourne.  s,3 

Bontelle.  38,  ;{46 

Bow(U)in.  15 

Bowdoin  Colh'}'e,C8,  231, 

273.  ;!;{5.  340.  'XA 
Bowen,  2S 
Bowers,                38,  CO,  .313 
Bovd.   9,   .30,   .36.    48.     49. 

f.3.  81.  199,  213,  229,  230, 

,■{.•{5 
Bovnton,  10.5-107.  :'i~ 

Boxer,       2?0,  2t  3,  289,  .357 
Bracket!.   31.  l\,  243.  2(,9. 

282.  2!H».  291 
Bradburv,,i8. 191,  21.5,231. 

274.  ,!40;  347 
Bradlce.  116 
Bradlev.  3;,36.,':i,  222.  Xi\ 
Braiiihall,      200,  2(8,  2(9. 

284,  288,  292.  2tt8.  .301 .  :?49 
Brav.  215 

Brazier,  9 

Bresiian.  240 

l$rcst.  1.36 

Brewer.  243 

Brickett.  215 

Bridgei)ort,  92 

Bridges.  7.  10.  14 

Bridgcwator,  ICO 

Bridgton.  231 

Briggs.   22.  27.  28,  2'9.  51. 

2,32 
Brinilield,  SO 

British  Provinces,         4,3 
Brockton,  ;:(;(; 

Brooklvn.  .36.37.  13.5.  \:a. 

274.  314.  317.  :«!7,  ,3(!8 
Brooks.  .-{.5. 36.  1.54.  219,231 . 

.312.  314.  ,324.  326,  :i,5(>,  Xu. 

371 
Brown,  23.  25,  27,  :«>.  .32. 

;i.5.  8.3,   85.   209.   214.    217, 

218,   219,    231,     2W),    2.'«;. 

237,    200,   201,    2(i7,    314, 

.32.3 
Brunswick.    119.  218,  :549. 

351 
Brvant.  216 

BnVklev.  270-272 

Butlalo,  45.  127,  .307 

Burgess.  2*2.  23.  27.  28,  29. 

:!."..  .'SO,  .39.  ,55.  (;8,   (;9,    149, 

1,5.3-160.  lliC).  1()7.  171.   172. 

173.  274.  313,  Xu.  .3^8 
Burgovne,  2J«4 

Burleigh,  240 

lUirnam,  9 


374 


INDEX. 


l?nnis, 

77 

lUirr, 

120,  lU 

Buiragc, 

\'J,  20 

Kuirill, 

37,  230 

JUirruughs,    5 

7,   74,   2t:r), 

i!82,  2!K) 

HuiTDwes, 

219 

IJllttOIl, 

3:^2 

lUixtoii, 

332 

Cadots,     30,  217,  220,   230, 

340 
Ciuiv,  219,  272 

Caliuun,  109,  104 

Calais,   37,  38,  39,  45,  Ui7, 

231),  347 
Caldwell,  231 

Callioiui,  188,  189,  192,297 
California,    31),    37,    231, 

3(>7,  3(58 
Calistoga,  3(;7 

Calvary  Cemetery,      137 
Cambridge,    30,    37,    Cf), 

142,  154,  231,  273,310,314 
Cam  melt,  9 

Campbell,  37,  230 

Canada,   34,  147,  241,  293, 

294,  318 
Canceau,  234 

Canton,  309 

Cape  Elizabeth,  0,  12,38, 

58,   87,  89,  104,  118,   145, 

231,242,  278,  349,  357 
Cape  hart,  215,228 

Cap(>  rori>oise.  280 

Capital  (iuards,  210 

Carleton,  240,  314 

Carlton,  121 

Carney,  220,  200 

Carpenter,    30,    92,    154, 

231,  274,  314,317 
Carrigan,  231 

Carter,   30,   231,  273,   313, 

315,  310,  307 
Cartland,  51 

Carruthers,  80,  81,  85,  91, 

92,  SH),  97,  99,  100,  191 
Caseo,  12,  232,  329,  330 

Caseo  Bank,  205 

Caseo  Bay,  7,  8,  11,  13,43, 

1.38,   203,  277,    302,     3W), 

324,  349,  303 
Caseo  street  church,  144 
Cash,  331 

Casley,  219 

Cast  in e,  282,  293 

Cataract  engine,  2,50,  257 
Cathedral,  1.  C,  131,  135, 

13(>,  137 
Cathedral,    St.    Luke's, 

09,  70,  75,  70 
Catholic,  131-138,207 

Cavalry,  213 

Cavazza,  277 

Cavour,  190 

Ceylon,  200 

Oiadwick,  02,  C3, 153, 172, 

2(;i,  2(;2.  205 
Chaindolph,  3,50 

Chamberlain  219 

Chanii)lin,  120,201 

Chani))nev,  140 

ClKUKller,"       121,  174,  324 
Channing,  (iO 

Cha])man,  Mayor,  17,  18, 

25,  27,  28,  34,  35,  .39,  41, 

42,  43,  149,  230,   204,  273, 

270,   34,5-351,354-300,302, 

304,  305,  370 


Chapman,  H.  L.,  231,  312, 

313.  309 
Chajjinan,  Rev.  Dr.,     07 
Chapel  Society,  81,  82,  9,t 
Chapin,  70 

Charles  II,  281 

Charlestown,  133,  1.57 
Chase,  23,  28,  29,31,40,  .53, 

.54,  85,  117,  150,    1.58,   218, 

237,  201,  202,  299,.331,  :{40 
Chelsea,         .  30,  44 

Chenerv,  200 

<'henev,  ,38,  340 

Cherrvlield,  37,  230 

Chester,  2,30 

Chestnut  St.  .M.  E.  C.,85, 

110,  113,  204 
Cheverus,  132 

Chicago,  93,  100,  307 

Chickering,  30,  80,  90,  91, 

94,  95,  97,  154, 191,  2(M>,231, 

274 
Chief  Marshal,  30,  31,  47, 

48,  49,  50,  53,  ,54,  213 
Child,  7,  72 

Choate,  21(!,  .341 

Church,  Major,    2t;9,  282, 

291-293 
Church  of  England,     ,58, 

04,  05,  07,  71, '74,  90,  107 
Church  of  Messiah,     131 
Churchill,  073 

Cincinnati,  142 

City  Building,  18,  48,  202, 

209 
Citv  Council,],  17,18,  20, 

21,  ;J3,  343,  370,  371 
City  (Tovernmeiit,  17-20, 

24,  29,  71.  95,154,220,  .3.33 
City  (!uar<ls,  .304 

City  Hall,  20, 24, 25,  28, 32, 

,3:3,  42,   43,  149,  1-53,    173, 

177,  189,212,22(;,  2,59,  203, 

273,  312,  313,  339,  343,  348, 

308 
City  Hotel,  202 

Citv  of  Kichmond,  312 
Clam  Hake,  24,311,312 
Clai)bi)ai-d  Island,      282, 

298 
Clai)p,  202,  .323 

Clark,  47, 48,  .50,  07, 7.5,  101, 

112,113,115,  no,  118,154, 

174,  178,204.212,213,220, 

223,  200,  209,  292,  293,  323, 

3(>7 
Clary,  272 

Clay,  297 

Cleeve,  (Cleave)  218,  2.32, 

233,  24(),  201 ,  2(i5,  2()8,  278, 

279,  280,  281,  289,  290 
Clement, 
Cleveland, 
Clifford, 
Closson, 
Cloves, 


Columbus  .Iun(ttion,  37, 

44,  203,  351 
Commercial    Traveha's, 

243 

Council,  18,  21, 


Cobb 


2(>1 

37 

218,  219 

219 

28,  8.'!,  257 
103,  189,  199,  241 


!  Cobburn,  14: 

Codnian,  7,  9,  ."523,  .324 

Collin.  121,  2;U 

Cogawesco,  300 

Colburn,  220 

I  Colby,  111,122,202 
ColbV  rniversity,  38,340 

Colcord,  121 

i  Cole,  :a\ 

Coleman,  141,  323 
Cohssworthy,    30,  44,  220, 

j      .349 

1  Columbus,  138 


Commoi 
313,  371 
Concord 
Condit, 
Cone. 


37,  40,  ,349 
78,  80 
117 
Congregationalists,     ,59, 

00,  70,   70,  83,  84,  85,  87, 

!V4,  95,  9(;,  99,  200 
Congress  Hall.  200 

Conley,  219,270,272 

Conh)ii,  200 

Conne<-ticut,   ,3(>,   92,  1,58, 

1,59,  3(;i,  ;M)4,  307 
Conncllan,  218,  219 

Connor,  45 

Constantinoi))e,  08,273 
Contents,  3 

Convent  School,  137 

Converse,      ~  119 

Conway,  240 

Coolidge,  127 

Cooke,  113 

Corey,  31,  40,  2»iO 

Cornelia  II.,  271 

Corning,  217 

Correspondence,  .34,5-308 
Corser,  29,  154,  242,  200 
Cotton,  1,50 

Courier,  Daily,  339 

Court,  10(),  310 

Cox,  18,  27,28,  29,111,  112, 

2,32 
Covle,  28,  113,  150, 1,58,  200 
Craft,  72 

Cram,  85,  341 

Crandall,  109 

Crt>ase,  1.34 

Crockett,  240,2.50 

Cromwell,  2.S0,  281 

Crosley,  129.  274 

Cross,  82,  200,  .321 

Crosser,  147,  148,  314 

Cruger,  307 

Cundjerland,  8,  9,  11,  15, 

90,  110,  124,  272,  273,331, 

3.39 
Cuminings,  30,  40,  85, 257, 

2(i0,  300 
Curran,  219 

Curtis,  90,  97,  98,  123,  307 
Cushing,  27,  28,  29,32,  51, 

257.  2(il 
Cushing's      Island,    278, 

282,  290,  312 
Cushing's  Point,  .303 

Cushman,  (;3,  200 

Custom    House     wharf, 

270,  311,  312 
Cutler,  02 

Cutter,  81 


Dakota, 

Daily, 

Dalton,  09,   71.   l^i 

187,  193,  200,  314 
Dam, 

Damariscotta, 
Damascus, 
Dana,    19,  21,   48, 

1,54,  205,  213,  217, 
Dan(!s, 
Danforth, 
Daniels,  70, 

Dartmoutli   Colli' 

80,  142 
Daveis, 


43 
,3.35 
175, 


314 
.303 
93, 
202 
140 
1,50 
203 


Davis,  9,  11,  28.  41,08,115, 

21(>,219,  240,  200,271,272, 

325 
Day,  112,  21.3,  ,341,  .300 

Deane,  14,  :J0,  58, 59,  70,  82, 

.3(>1 ,  .3(H,  307 
Deblois,  323 

Decorations,     28,  .32,  2.59, 

204 
Deering,  0,  9,  29,  38.  02.03, 

103,  104,  131,137,154,200, 

202,  313,  371 
Deering's,      24,  28,  .33,  41, 

200,  207,  291 ,  303,  .329,  XU, 
349,  303 

Deland,  202 

Delaney,  219,  228 

DelaiH).  108 

Denison,  219 

Dennett,  104,189,348 

Dennis,  272 

Dent,  214 

Desmond,  219 

DeVel)ber,  ."8,  347 

Devon,  .307,  .308 

Dewey,  27,  28,  29,  ,55,  232, 

201,  313,  314 
DeWitt,  200 
Dickinson,  80 
Dike,  142 
Dillingham,  31.51 
Dinglcy,  38,  .340 
Dirigos,  272,  273 
District  of  Columbia,  154 

231.  314,  323,  :«0,  348,  307 
Dodge,  108,  208,  314,  300 
Dogen,  228 

Doherty,  201 

Dole,    38,  77,  230,  201,  314, 

325 
I>onaliue,  271,  272 

Donnell,  223,  200 

Doolev,  219 

Dorch'ester,  l.i!) 

Doughty,  210 

Douglass,     48,  49,  81,  213, 

2(il,  200,  .347,  .•}48 
Dow.  29,  103,  104,  17,3,  175, 

179,  180,  187.  189,  205, 2mi, 

208,  2,57,  200,  201 ,  290.  313, 

31(i,  317 
Doyen,  214 

Dovle,  214 

Drake.  307 

DresdiMi,  ti() 

Dresser,  98 

Drinkwater,  .323 

Drum  Cori)s,  220,  2.39 

Drummond,  40,  2(i0 

Drvden,  121 

Dubois,  214,  227 

Dudley,  .3,57 

Dugan,  273 

Dunbar,  220 

Dunham,  51,  102,  138,  143, 

1,54 
Dunlap,  200 

Dunn,  122,217,325 

Dunncll,  30,  ,3.50 

Durant  block,  202 

Duren,  45 

D  wight,  82,91,97,191 

East  Boston,  231,, 307 

Eastman,  41,  217,  2,30,  202 
Easlport,  40,  132,  133,  .307 
East  ern  Cemetery,  80, 82, 

84,  1(V4,  127,  181 
Eastern  Promenade,  210 


INDEX. 


I 'J 


Eiiton,   121',   123,  102.  220, 

201 
Edson,  210 

Edwjirds,  .'«,  80,  184,  1«5, 

324,  347 
Elcler,         30,  314,  319,  ;r20 
Eldridge.  215 

Elizabeth,  X.  J.,  314 

Kllestad,  14<] 

Elliiigtun.  159 

Elliut,  214, 210 

Ellis,  .T2,  151,  221 

Ellsworth,   30,  37,  3J,  83, 

121,  214,  228,  230 
Emblems,  21) 

Emerson,  80, 81 

Eineiv,   03,  107,   140,   154, 

2;J1,  201,  313,  323 
Empire  State,  33:1 

Engine  houses,    200,  202, 

480 
England,  04,  00,  71,  74,  75, 

78,  188,  2.")8.  27;»,  281,  289, 

295,  302,  353 
English,  87, 2!>2 

Enterprise,     20;},  28st,  .•(57 
Episcopal,  57,  59,  00,  04, 

05,  07,  68,   69,   71,  74,  82, 

88,  90,  107,  202,  207 
Erie,  134 

Esles,  231 

Evans,  29,  36,  41,  221,  223, 

241,  242,  2i»7 
Evanston,  306 

Evergreen  Cemetery,  80, 

200,  3.58 
Europe,    188,  189,  300,  aJo 
Enstis,  201 

Exchange   Hall.   62,  189, 

315 
Exeter  Academy,        142 
Express  companies,  32, 

221,  243 


Fiwgrc, 

Falmouth,  5-12,  1,3, 
1.5,  17,  22,  3H,  43,  5 
65,  OO,  71,  75,  87,  88, 
102,  103,  104,  KX), 
155,  263,  264,  268, 
283,  2!K),  291,  292, 
308,311,  .T24,  320.  252, 

Fargo, 

Farley, 

Farmer, 

Farnsworth, 

Farringlon,  30,  31,  37, 
tW,  64,  111,  110,  219, 
202 

Fassett,  41,  144, 

Fellows,  IM, 

Female,  C.  A.,       204, 

Female,  O.  A., 

Female,  P.  A.,       197, 

Fenwick,  1;J3, 

Fenn,  8;"),  80,  149,  1.52, 
HiS,  171,  200,  206,  274 

Fern,  Fanny, 

Fernuld.  38, 218, 

Fessenden,  29,  30,  81, 
192,  2<iO,  297,310,323, 
.•«>:!,  o<>4,  368 

Fickett,  32,51, 

Fillmore, 

Finnegan, 

Fire  Department,  19, 
30,  49,  2i»l),  212,  224 

Fire  Works,  24,  26,  33 
269,  341 

First  Nat.  Bank 


14t> 
14, 

,58, 
89, 
138, 
282, 

298, 

,;i62 

43 
313 
205 
222 
,  51, 
230, 

,  2()1 
1,58 
197 
205 
207 
13i) 
l.)4, 

44 

.3<i7 

189- 
348, 

2;?! 
109 
100 
24, 

,34, 

204 


First  Parish,  7,  16,  57,  60, 

0.5,  66,  71,  70,  77,   79,  IHt, 

102,  10.3,  15.3, 102,  201,  280, 

371 
Fii-st  Regiment,      30,  229 
Fisher,  00 

Filch, »«,  17.3,  174,  178,  201 
Flt/.palrlck,  135 

Elagg,  41 

Flaherty,  272 

Flannagan,  214 

Flootl,  1.34 

Florida.  i»4 

Flushing,  37.  4<>.  .3.55 

Fobes,       127,  240,  274,  313 
Fore  River,  7,  8, 13,  14, 89. 

278,  279 
Ft>rsvth,  28 

Fort"Loyall.  26.5,  269,  282, 

2i»2,  293 
Fort  Mackinac,  306 

Fort  Preble,  30 

Fosdick,  9 

Foss,  240 

Foster,     113,116,180,202, 

:J32 
Fowler,  41,45 

Fox,     03,  13.3,232,201,371 
France,    120,  136,  188,  200, 

:{00,  33a 
Francis,  1 1 1 

Frank.  261 

Franklin,  284 

Frates,  271, 272 

Fredericton,  3.5;i 

Free  Baptist,  124, 125,  297 
Freehold,  307 

Frpcman,  9,  11,  14,  16,  4.5, 

81,  8.5,  117,   141,  324,  325, 

306,  ;J67,  371 
FreeiJort,  36,  ;J40 

French,  07,  73, 8.3,  i:f2,  l;«, 

Vn,  I'M,  217,  265,  209,  282, 

2'J3 
Friends,  (see  Quakers). 

102,  105,  189,  191,197,  207 
Friendly  Inn,  45,  20i» 
Frohocli,  41 

Frontcnac,  293 

Frost,  9 

Frothingham,     7,  10,  15, 
•  10,  »><),  371 

Frve,  3S,  207,  200,  315,  .346 
Furbush,  200,  324 


63,323 
21.5,  22!> 
.  323.  3.54 


40 

.^•{8 

38,  347 

.32.3 

107,  108 

208 


Jage,  201 

iaiena,  227,  228,  :;.«) 

iallagher,  30,  210,  2.30 
Jalt  wharf,  242 

ialveston,  197,  :J07 

ialwav,  1.32 

iambier,  O.,  82 

lardiner,     .37,  .39,  09,  130, 

1.39,  141,  217,347 
iarland,  219 

larrellsville,  ().,  'Ml 
Janison,  187,  189,  liM) 
Jates.  144 

iatlev.   22,  2;i,  20-2!»,    144, 

2.32.313: 
ieneral  Court,    8-13,  1.5, 

57,  .58,  00,  (^.5,  88,  196  i 

Jeorgetown,  .Me.,  103  I 
ienish.     2.3,  tW,  139-142, 

240,  L>(M),  201,  314 
lernian  .Sclilesvig,     14«> 
libbons,  273 

libbs,  126,  127,  :«;7 

lil>son,  65,  74 

iilclirist,  148 


(illman, 
(iilincr, 
(iilpin, 

<iilson,  .Ml 

i  (ilasgow,  Scot.,  207 

<;ien  Ellis  Fall-H,  242 

(ilcn  Mouse,    221,242.2.58 

(ilobc.  Portland.  223 

(.««ldard,  19,   20,  81,  141, 

!       .325 

I  <;oding, 

,  (ioldcau, 

'  (ioodall, 

[  Goodenpw, 

I  (ioodlng,       9,  77. 

(ioo<l  Templars, 

,  tiookin, 

i  (ioodwin,    36,  08,  2.31,  ZU 

'  (ioold,  31,  51,  07,  -220,  288, 

'£H,  206,  314 

(lore,  02 

(Jorges,  279, 308 

(iorham.    37,  58,  84,    91, 

.     308,  3;« 

(Jospel  Mission.  146 

(Jo.ss,  28.  .32,  51 

(Josse,  2<H 

Goudv,  a3. 51 

I  (iouUl,  29,  .30,  151, 1.54,  lOO, 

173,  170.  104.  200,  2<>1 
1  (iovernor    (Me.),  30,  37, 
225,  220,  230 

owan,  30,  231 

raham,  125 

rand  Army,  43,  207,  211, 
217,  229,  2:56 

rand  Trunk  R.  R.,  20, 
13.5,  221 ,  241 ,  242.  2.59,  2(v4, 
2(>5.  270,  272,  279.  284.  3I»9 
rant,  11M» 

rattan  L.  A.,  221,240 
raves,  2.'M 

ray,  2(Ki 

reat  Eastern  Whf.,  270 
reely,  ((ireele).   77,  2<15, 

272,  310 

reen.  48,  49.  81,  119,  148, 
213,  2.30.  273,   310 
reenleaf,        07,  200,  .'{.'{.t 
reenough.  121,  12.3 

reen  port,  ;!<;.  a'{;i,.'i;>5.  351 
reiMiwich  (Conn.).  :Mu 
regg.       30,1.54,200,231, 

273.  313 
renbv, 
riinn'. 


toi 
rove? 


Inlliver. 
lupiill, 


231 

07.  240 

207,  2t'>8 

ua 

214 

20,  a5,  .37,  .3:t-49 

219 

40.  231) 

103 

62,  (K! 

217 

214 

11.3.  2.12 

3«;.  340 


Hacker. 

Hadlcv, 

Hadloik, 

Haggett, 

Haines, 

Hale. 

Halifax.     7.5.  125,  .•?.52.  '.iXi 

H.lll.  7.  9,  43,  103,  213,  222, 

■291.2!»2,  314,  .3.32 
Hallo<k.     99,  101.275,313 
Mallowell,  ;i8.  .39,  2;!! 

Hamilton,  9,  41,  120,  127, 

3.i2 
Handin.  .36,  .37,  .38,  81,2.30. 

•2»>I.  273,  311,  313,  31 4.  .347 
H-iminond,  2t;2,  2<'>5 

Hanilel.  150,  160  • 


Hankhard.  216 

Hanson.     ;M.  121.  213,  231 
Harding.  » 

Harlow.  98 

Hannon.  217,  229 

Harpswell,  30.  97, 102, 162, 

231.  273 
Hariison.  85 

Hart.  123 

Hartford,  Conn.,  1,58 

Hartley,  .323 

Hartshorn.  83 

Harvard,  lai,  72,  74,  107, 

144.  1.52,  171 
Haskell,   .38,   40,   41,    12.3, 

219,  '220,  2:11 
Haskell  &  .Jones,         262 
Haslette,  85 

Hat<h,  .38,  230 

Haverhill.    .36.    231,    273, 

31.3.  31.5,  317,  X>1 
Hawes,  .32,  51 

Hawk.-s,  117.213.214 

Hawkins,  219 

Hav.  142,241,261 

Hayden,  .38.  130.  131,  142, 

l4.t.  1.50,  2.30 
Havdn  Association,  100, 

171,   274,    275,    277,    299, 

310.  311 
Haves.   09,  70,  71,  220,  366 


Hcaley, 

1.31 

Heath. 

106 

Hebrew, 

144.  145,  189 

Hecker, 

136 

Hedding, 

109 

Hero, 

295 

Hers»-v,   41.  08,   129,   219, 

200,  274,  314 
Hersou),  261 
Hertcl,  2U3 
Ht^seltine,                      216 
Higgins,   2<i,  220,  239,  240, 

201 
High   street   church,  85, 

80,  !)0,  91,  94,  97,  9!),   100 
Hill,  40.  51,, 57.  .5«.   60,   63, 

1.53.  1.54,17.3,174,178,179, 

181,  213,  215,  273 
HillianI,  66,  67,  72,  74,  336 
Hillside,  86 

Hincks,  92,1«» 

Hindle,  33t 

Historical,  19,  25,  2.34.  264 
Hobart,  111,204 

Hobbs.    18.  22,  27,  29,  232, 

201.  313.371 

Hobbv.  9 

Hobson.  32 

Hodgdou  257 

Ibxlson.  262 

Hodsdon,  129 

llogan,  216 

Hogg.  23* 

Holdcn,  11.3.  140,  157,  158, 

208.  316.  323 
Holmes.  240 

Holland.  lt» 

Hollinuwav.  1.54 

Hollywood.  (^N.C.)37,44, 

3:59 
Holt.  201 

Holstein,  146 

Home.  205.  -261 

Homer.  106,  107,  108 

Hooper,  and  others.   200 
Hope,  66.  72 

Horr,  214 

Horton,  10.3,  104,  111, 

Hoslev,  228 


TO 


INDEX. 


Hospital. 

l.'S7 

Kavaiiajih  S( 

llo< 

d. 

120, 

Hoslfv, 

214 

135-.37,  2(;o 

Houjlfitol 

32,  ;il(! 

Kcilli, 

23(! 

Houston, 

;!(i7 

Kcllciin.'iu, 

131 

llowiud. 

:!(■.,  7:i 

Kflloch, 

70 

Howe.      1 

r.;t.  ui;i,  172,  2Hi, 

KcUcv, 

123 

.-its 

KcUokfi-,  :!(;,  ■ 

7,  7 

»,  X'~ 

.  07, 

Howes, 

•2(;i 

Oil,  105,  140, 

51. 

154, 

101, 

Hiibbnvd, 

10<;,  142 

ICO,  172,  1S2, 

214, 

231 

273, 

Hudson, 

;«;,  43.  I .",4,  2.31, 

313,  314 

2T;i,  ai;!. 

303,  3C(i 

Kendall, 

210 

Httfilics. 

2(i() 

Kennel)ee, 

SO 

,  203 

Hull,  1,1!) 

20.22,  2*(,33,  34, 

Keniiebuidv, 

3(i, 

122, 

;{.-),  ;«»,  42 

,43,  44,  .V),   ISI, 

132,  154,  231 

24(t,  ;«(•., 

34«,    353,    3;">4, 

Kent,        10,2 

',28 

'-'•  K 

2,32, 

mr,,  3(18 

340,  307,  30H 

Huiuc, 

220 

Kentucky, 

307 

Huniplirc 

V,                 2(;o 

Kt'iiwortiiy, 

201 

Humicw  ( 

il.                     141 

Keteliuni," 

7 

,  70 

,  100 

Hunt,  '.'OH 

2(10,274.213,313 

Keves, 

112 

Hunt, 

41 

Kibbv, 

100 

Hustcd, 

111 

Kidder, 

2.30 

Huston, 

2r.i 

Kilbouili, 

100 

Husst'v, 

103,  104,  ISO 

Kllbuiii, 

214 

Hydo," 

3S,  34(> 

Kind)all, 

70, 

214, 

231, 

Hydrofioi 

(tMiginc),    2,")(> 

314,  325,  .371 

KiliK,       20,31 

,  .30 

.37, 

143, 

Hslev,  7,! 

,3(;,  4r>,  G7,  72,  77, 

154,  214,220, 

230, 

231, 

240, 

HI,  107,  1 

21,  231,  310,  325, 

273,  274,  .302, 

311, 

313 

314, 

354,  300 

Hidia, 

Indians,  .57,  0.5,  HO, 
1.32,  133,207,218,225, 
233,  203,  2()5,  207,  208, 
282,201-204,  307,320, 
335 

Iidautrv,  214 

Hi^fisol,  283, 

Hitiraliani,  0,  77,  SI, 
200,  .314 

Iowa,  7.3,  20,3 

H-eland, 

1.  A.  It   Asso., 

Islands,  12,  24,  20,  30 
40,  44,  65,  87,  117, 
137,  200,  2ai,  208  ,302 
312,3:53,335,3.30,  351 

Italy, 


207 
104, 

232, 
200, 
333, 

,  215 
,  202 
231, 

,  307 
147 
221 

,  37, 
132, 

,31 1 , 

,  3,50 
100 


271, 


Jack',  ;«■),  1.54,  2.31,  240,  273, 

313,  .32(),  3.52,  3,5;i 
Jack  Downiufi,  3.30 

.lackson,     00,  84,  200,  257, 

201,  320,  .340 
Jacksonville,  Flii 
Janicstow  n, 
Jellersoii, 
Jelfei-sonian, 
Jedcisonville, 
Jeidvins, 
.lenne, 
Jenks,      0,77,  83,  1.30,  151, 

1.50,  100 
Jenis, 
Jesuits, 
Jew(dl, 

Jewel  t,  0,  02,  7' 
.lewisli  elnircli. 
Johnson,  4: 

Jolinston. 
Jones,  41,45,  103,  112,  11.3, 

214 
Jordan,    30,  48,  40,  .57,  05, 

74,  88,  213,  220,    201,   281, 

302,  325,  3t>7 
Jose,  03,  202 

.losselvil,  210,  2t;o 

Jouetl,  308 

Jovnes,  214 

Juiid,  140 


.32.3.  .327,  302,  3(13 
KinijslHiry, 
Kinti's  (liapeJ, 
Kinley, 
KiuiU'y, 
Kinsman, 
Kir))y  James, 
Kirkjiatrick, 
Knifilit,      .38,2.30,200, 
Kinjilits  of  I'vthias, 

220,  221,  2.30,' 240 
Knowlton, 
Knox,  XO. 

Kohliiiii, 
Kot/scl'imar,  28,  140, 

158,  274 


272 

335 

02 

2<;i 

201 
30, 

241 

200 
200 
1.50, 


43 
188 
311 
107 
80,  82 
111 


.3.31 

132 
214,201 
,1 82,  323 

144 
214,  207 

207 


50,  110,  347 

8t; 

345 
2(;2 
](i5, 

8] 
,  48, 

,  240 
210 

283, 


32,  51, 
142,  102 


117,  1.54- 

40,    20(», 


Liidd, 

LaKarae. 

Lamont, 

I.amson, 

LaiH-aster, 

haiie, 

Lang,        22,  23 

210,  2,30,  313 
Lai)liain, 
l.;ipi)in, 
Lanabee 

.331.  332 
Lawrence,  Mass.,  .32,  2(;4 
Lawrence  (iurristm,  202, 

20.3 
Latliam.  218,200 

Laud,  270 

Leaeli. 
l^eathe, 
Leavitt,  100,  105.  11 

201 
Ltv, 

Lciiildon, 
Leii)/ii;. 
LeLaclieur. 
Leland, 
Lenard, 
Leonard, 
Levett, 
Levine, 

Lewis,       100,  107,  148, 
Lewiston,  Me.,  30,  ,37 

.30,  220.2.30,  231,  230 
Lexington,  Mass.. 


100, 

220, 


220 
21.3 
1.54, 

115 
231 
172 
117 
.■5:55 

T20 
204 
1.54 

200 
,38, 


Libbv,     20,  45,  48,  08,  200, 

213,"  202,  31.3,' 314,  317,310, 

321,  .323,  325-328,  332,333, 

.340 

Liebe,  227  1 

Ligoiua,  280,  281  ' 

Light  bouse.  3.34 

Limeri<-k.  .Me.,        ,30,  ,300 

Lincoln,  122.  180,  100,  310 

Lincoln  I'ark,  .32,225.  220, 

200,  207 
Lindsav.  100,  110 

Lisbon,' .Mc.,  .307 

Little,      4H,  40,  08,  74,   75, 
70.     130,    140,    141,    142, 
154,    213,    231,     230,    2()1,  1 
.312.  314,  .324,  371 
Littlelield,         0,257,312; 
Liv<'rpool,  X.  S.,  40 

Livingstont",  283 

Locke,  .38.118,2.30 

Lond)ard,  215.  220 

London.  Kiig.,         74,  203. 

2.50,  200,  302,  352 
Longfellow,      30,  44,  1.54, 
208,  231,  205,  273,  285,  200, 
324,  3;!.5,  338,  351 ,  ,'}03,  304  ; 
Long,  38,  23:,  340 

Long  Pond,  280 

Loone\ ,  10 

Lord,  30,  45.  205,  208,  2.31, 

200,  313 
Loring,  32,  51,201,  202,  .307 
Loring,  Short  &  Har- 
mon, 202 
I  OS  Angelos,  Cal.,  307 
Louisville,  Ky.,  307 
Loiul.  ■  307 
Lovell.  110,  111,  113 
LoveitI,  33.51 
l>ovv,  325 
Lowden,  124,  125,  1.54 
Low<',  243 
Lowell,    77,   140,  1,5.3,  172, 

323 
Loyalists,  3.52 

Lui-e,  112,  .343,  .3(i0,  370 

Lunt,  202,  .371 

Lutheran.  140 

Marine  .'^cwietv.  10(i 

Mason,        30,  tbi,  lit:,  141; 

151,  100 

MassaclmsiMts,  5,  0,  K,  0, 

10,    12,     15,    57,    01,    03, 

05,  07,  08,  74,  88,  80,  140, 

154,  100,100,  23,1,  20.3,  200, 

270,  28^1 ,  282,  202,  20.3,  204, 

.31 1 ,  328,  335,  340,  307 

Masurv,  0 

Mather,  1.50 

.Mathews,  121,218 

Mattocks,  215,  220 

.Mayor,  17-23.  20,  28.  20.  .32. 

.3.i,.30,  100. 140,1.54,155,20,3, 

220,  230,  27s,  201,  2:Ki,  31:: 

3i:i,  3 17,, 300, 370,  371  (.see 

<'hai))nan,  > 

.McAll,  200 


M( 

•I)( 

rmotl. 

271 

M< 

•IX 

iiald. 

30,  111, 

110, 

148, 

154,  '240 

M< 

•I)( 

iincll, 

3 

,51 

.M< 

•1)( 

nough, 

210,  231 

272 

M( 

•l)( 

well, 

200 

.M( 

•KI 

well. 

230 

M( 

■(iee. 

272 

.M( 

•(J< 

wan,    2 

',  28,  20 

232 

M( 

(il 

egor. 

230, 

,305 

Mi 

•In 

lire. 

•240 

230,  274,  33 
•McSlahon, 


MeAlmon, 

McAlpiiie. 

McAulay, 

>lc('abe, 

Mc<-ann, 

Me<"';irtliy, 
.■\lc(l.)sk('V 
.Mc('obl>. 


25  I 
41 
81 

1.34 

18,  22,  27,  28, 

2t;i 
i:!0 

08,  205 


McCusick      (MeKusick), 
30,  215,  ,347 


.McKennv,  48,  40,  112,213 
McKiniKin,  148 

.McLaughlin,  71,  240, 

274,  313.  314 
McLean,     0,  214,  227,  273 
McLellan,      20,  30,  38,  40, 

48,  ,53.   03,    72,    100,   213, 
r4,  333,  335,  351 

;,  27,  28, 

2.32,  272 
McNamee,  1.32,  1.35 

.M<-Naught,  331 

.M<(^uillaii,  215 

.McWhinuic,  r23 

Mechanic  lilues,  210 

."Mechanics  120,  143, 

140,  148 
.Meg(iuicr,  31,  51,  140,  323 
.Meieher,      30,  47,  50,  212, 

213.  227,  201 
Melleii,  200,  3.38,  351 

Memphis  (Tenn.),        I!t7 
Meiusli,  20,241,242 

Merrill,    32,  41,  51,  (i8,  00, 

81,  83,   217,  220,  223,  '230. 

231,  200,  2lil,  2(>7,  314 
Meritt,  lOO,  210 

.Merry,  28,  .32,  51 

Merryn)eeting  Bay,  '280, 

•20.3  " 
Meserve.  220 

Methodists,  07,  84,  87,  0.5, 

00,  08,   105,   107,  108,  100, 

110,111,  115,  111,.  117,  110, 

120,  140,  178 
Mexico 
Middle: 
Migheli 
.Alillburn, 
.Miles, 
.Miller. 
.Millett. 
Milliken, 

'242,  '200, 
Military, 
Milton," 

Mines,  00 

Ministry  at  large,    (12,  (>.'! 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  300, 

307 
Mississip]>i,  280 

Mitclicll,  83,  143,  144,  '223, 

'231,  202,  312,  323,  .•!'25 
.Alodoc.  104,  207 

Monarch.  '205 

.MonlH'gan,  2(13 

Montgonu^ry,  ;i07 

.Alonlgomery  (inards,210 
Monmouth, ".Ale.,  IOC. 

Montreal,  135,  •203 

Moodv,  0,0:5.  100.  217,  210, 

28:i, '2;)i,  :54o 
Moor,  120,  127 

.Moorr,    '28,  :;o.  :52,  50,  51, 

02,  im;,  in,  i'27,  221,  235, 

24:5,  :i07 
Morgan,  144,  217, '208,  271, 


207 

1,  X.  .^., 

:i52 

;^oo 

221 

144 

2:ii 

20 

202 

.'{8.  215,  217, 

'221, 

'201,202 

;50, 

220 

oS 

.'500 

Morrill 


41,  04,  103 


INDEX. 


377 


Morrison,  98,  150,  iryS, 
Morse,  29,  36,  111,121, 

154,  260,  261 
Moseley,  220, 

Moses, 

Motley,  217, 

Moiilton,  125, 

Mojuit  Desert,       241, 
Moiintfort, 
Mount  Vernon,    151, 
Mo  watt,  5,   58,  66,  72, 

218,  234, 265,  283, 284. 
309 

Mozart, 

Mulhall, 

Muller, 

Munlcli, 

Miinger, 

Miinfoy,  84,  89,  96,  96, 
129,200,  2;«,  269,  273, 
288,  292, 293,  298, 310, 
330,349 

Miirch, 

Murdock, 

Murdougli, 

Muri>hy,      27,  28,  29, 

219,  222,  314 
Murray, 
Museum, 
Myers, 


,  209  1 
123, 

239 
41 

,  229 
,262 

,  aw 

72 
160 
201, 
294, 

156 
28 

VM 

172 

106 
115, 
284, 
3M, 

41 

82 

98 

113, 

79 
133 
272 


Nameless  (B.  C),        272 
Napoleon,  284 

Nasby,  281 

Nash,  214, 240 

Nashville  (Tenn.),      120 
Naval  (Navy),  49,  75,  214, 

227,  228,  343,  368,3()9,  370 
Nazro,  215, 228 

Neal,    37,  44,  200,  -^19,  266, 

296,  323, 338,  349,  360, 364, 

367 
Nealley,      38,  39,  230,  347 
Neck,  The,  5-9,  12,  58, 88, 

89,  106,  107,  263,  279-283, 

288,  290,  292 
Needle,  W.  F.  Soc.,      198 
Neely,  69,  71,  261,  311,  314 
Nelson,  295,  367 

Neptune  (engine),       256 
Newark,  N.  J.,  112 

Newburg,  N.  Y.,     39,  347 
Newbury,  Mass.,  71 

Newljurvport,  Mass.,  63, 

72,  79,  235,  362 
Nesmitli,  219 

New  Casco,  Me.,  58,  71, 

74 
Newcastle,  I>uke  of,  295 
New  Bedford,  Mass.,  37, 

359 
New  Berne,  N.  C,       365 
New  Brighton,  S.  I.,  356 
New  Brunswick,  132, 326, 

a52 
New  Durliam,  N.  H.,  124 
New  England,  70,  74,  90, 

103,  105,112,132,147,155, 

158,  165, 1S4, 2,%5, 243, 279, 

280,  289,290,  327,  348, 362, 

364 
New  Gloucester,  Me., 142 
New  Hampshire,  89,  135, 

137,  279,  363 
New    Orleans,    La.,    37, 

197,283,355 
New  York,    34,  35,  44,  69, 

72,  86,  92,  107.  125,  135, 

136,  146, 148,  153, 154, 172, 


267,  274,  283,  284, 314, 319, 
327,  336,  339,  358, 3<!1,  366, 
367  368 
Nichols,  9,  37,  59,  60,  62, 
63,  154,  173,  176,  191,  199, 
231,  296,323 
Nickerson,  48,  213 

Nigger  Hill,  332 

Nlles,  37,  203 

Noel,  214 

Norridgewock,  Me.,  132 
Norris,  110,111 

Notch,      White     Moun- 
tains, 242 
Nortli  America.  59 
North   Atlantic    Squad- 
ron, 30,  214,  216,224,227, 
228,  3*3,  3<>8,  369,  370 
North  Carolina,    188,  335 
Northfleld,  Minn.,       366 
North    Yarmouth,    Me., 

102,  119 
Norton,  272  , 

Norway,    Me.,    216,    274,  ! 

314 
Norway  Light  Infantry,  ! 
216  i 

Norwegians,  146  ; 

Nova  Scotia,  71,  7.5,  352 
Noyes,  9,  154,  219,  241,  371  ! 

Oaksmlth,  44  i 

O'Bierne,  131  j 

O'Brien,  271,  272  ' 

O'Brion,  20t 

Observatory,  260 

O'Connor,  240,  273  i 

Odd    Fellows,    220,    '221, 

239,  240  i 

0'IX>unell,    134,  270,  271,  j 

272  ' 

0'l>onoglnie,         215,  219  | 
Oliio,  159  [ 

Old  Anthony,  302  | 

Old  Cltv  Hall,  32,  62,  196, 

219,  259,  264, 2«i6,  315,  331 
Oldham,  213 

Old  Jerusalem,  58 

Old  South  church,  8<) 
Oldtown,  Me.,  i;i3 

Oliver,  152,  167 

Onarga,  111.,  3«i6 

O'Neil,  27,28,29,2.32 

Ode,  Centennial,  277 
Orange  City,  la.,  367 
Orchard,  215, 229 

Ordway,  68 

O'ReUley,  IM 

Orphan  Asyhmi,136,13«, 

197,  243 
Osgood,  231,313,314 

Osier,  144 

OwHtonna,  Minn.,      36, 

350 
Owen,  240,  262 

Owen,  Moore  &  Co.,  262 
Oxford,  306 

Oxnard,  66, 81 

Pacific  Ocean,  300,  318 
Pilddock,  68,  .■^67 

Pagan,  234  i 

Paine,  9,  37,  152,  310  , 

Palmer,  32,  41,  51,112,231,  i 

260,  .325  i 

Parclier,  38,231  | 

Parker,  22,  27,  28,  29, 189,  1 

232  I 

Park  street  eh.,    110, 143 


Paris,  Me.,  323 

Parsons,  117 

Parton,  44, 3<>2 

Pas.saniaquoddv  Bay, 1.33 
Pavne,     171.  257",  270,  271, 

272 
Payson,  78,79,83,90,99,100, 

16.5,  182,  184,  260,  2«')6,2!t6 
Pearson,     11,14,121,123, 

146,  147,  1.54 
Pema<iuid,  282 

Pendleton,  2<>(» 

Penolwcot,        89,  1.32,  1.33 
Peniiell,  37,  ZV) 

Pennington,  85 

Pennsvlvania,  .360 

Pepper,  38,  :J46 

Pepperill,  2<.K) 

Percy,  !t8 

Perry,      73,   109,  116,  117, 

215,  217,  230,  313,  .367 
Perkins,  94,  125,  154,  214, 

228,  261 
Peters,  84 

Pettee.  141 

Pettengill,  217, 260 

Phelau,       .  62,  <i3 

Phenix,  123 

Philadelphia,    36,  37,  67, 

82,  107,  1.30,  256,  360,  3<i2, 

3t>6   "Jfi?  3G8 
Piiilbroo'k,    216,  217,  231, 

2()0 
Phillips,10,ll,  15,112,  187, 

189,  190 
Pierce,        63,  213,  231,  260 
Pike,  9 

Pillory,  84 

Pillsbur>',  110 

PLscataqua,  '2W 

Pise,  76 

Pltblado,  IM 

Pitcher,  213 

Pittsbiirg,  36, 365 

Pittst«n,  Me.,  66 

Plaisted,    48,  49,  213,  270; 

271 
Pleasant  Point,  133 

Pkimmer,     32,  43,  51,  220 
Plvmoutb  church,  82,  !K), 

l'25 


Poems, 

Polaml, 

Police, 

Poor, 

Pope, 

Pt)pham, 

Port  Huron, 


.333 
107 
209,.  213 
96,  97,  98,  316 
103 
64 
197 


,.'  I 


Portland,  1,6,  10,  12-18, 
20,  2J,  22,  24,  25,  33,  .34, 
35.  37,  38,  39.  41-48,  50, 
.5.3-57,  65,  67,  68.  71,  74, 
76.  78,  79,  82.  84,  85,  8 
88,  90,  99,  102,  103,  IWi- 
111,  11.5-117,  120,  124.126, 
129,  1.30-136,  138,  139, 140, 
143,  144-140,  152,  153,  155. 
1(»,  16.5,  168,  171,  172. 
173,  177,  179,  182.  184. 
187,  189.  190.  19.3,  194,199, 
200,  201,  202,  204,  205, 
206,  207,  211,  212,  21.5, 
216-220.  •22<),  230.  2.31.232. 
2.35, 2;!6,  239,  243.  2.59.  26;}, 
2«'>4,  266,  269,  275,  276, 
278,  281,  282,  2H4,  '.;8»!, 
287,  288,  2i»4,  2'.>7,  2!>8, 
2!t!t,  ,302,  305,  308.  310. 
311,  314-318,  321,  3-24-328. 


333,    XV),    3.36,   X»,   ;tt9, 

310,  .342,  343.  345,  ;M6-3t;2, 

364-371 

Portland  B.  S<h>..  19<>,204 

Portland  Co.,  M,  222, 2&5, 

271 
Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
R.  K.,  2.5,  26,  2<t,  216,  2*21, 
242,  2.59 
Portland    &    Rochester 

R.  R.,  259 
Porter,  45 

Porlneuf,  293 

Portsmouth,  N.H.,65,  71, 

72,  201,  2;J5 
Post,  B<wt«n,  316 

1  Postofflct!,  324,  325 

i  Pottle,  116 

i  Potter,  324 

.  Powuallx)rough,  Me.,  66 
I  Powers,  VH 

I  Pratt,  67,  68,73,  121,  191 
I  Preble,  9,  45,  62,  63,  (H, 
I  l:i5,  207,  2.'H,  262,  2«'>5,2t)6, 
287,  285),  303,  3*23,  33.5,361, 
371 
j  l'ref»«'e,  5 

Prentiss,  .37,  266,  315,  325, 
i      3.35,  3,55,  36;{ 
I  Presbyterians,     89,    147, 
i      148  ■ 
President  of    U.  S.,  37, 

318,  325,  345 
Presumpscot,   10,14,  102, 

103,  279.  349 
Press.  Daily,  18,  224 

Pride's  Bridge,  7,14 

Prim,  272 

Prince.  48,  49,    156,  213, 

332,  339,  371 
Prindle,  217 

l»Fo<-ession,  210-257 

Provhlence,  R.  I.,    120, 

367 
Provident  Asso.,  198 

Public  U»>rary.  25,  361 
Pullen,  37,63,2.30.313 
Purpooduck,  (Pooduck) 

89,  181.  269 
Purington,  103 

Putnam,  29 

Pwtney,  324 

Pyne,  71 

Quakers.      58,  .59,  60,  103, 

105  (see  Friends) 
Qm-bec,  132 

Ouincy,  36,  .357,  358,  367 
<jaiiinon,  231 


RackU'ff, 
Raleigh, 
Rand,  23.  30,  124,  125, 

23.3,  2(M) 
R.iMdall,      96,  97,  98, 

214.  272 
Rasle. 

Rjivenswixtd,  37, 

Itiiyinond,  •  40, 

Ravnes, 

Rea,  1.39,  141, 

Read.  150,  158, 

Readttcld,  Me., 
Reardon. 
Rediabite  Hall, 
Records  (Falmouth), 
Rcdh)n. 
Re«Ml.     9,  26.  216,  273, 

299,321,326,343 


261 
.307 
217, 

124, 

1.T2 

,  i56 

316 

126 

205 

159 

106 

273 

68 

6 

1'23 

278 


378 


INDEX. 


Hoese,  12t>,  127 

Rt'i'vcs,  314,  341 

Rcfliittil,  28,  207,  27(>-273 
Rehohoth,  Mass.,  150,  158 
Rfl  ef  Corps,  207 

Roniii'k,  231 

Rosingcr,  214,  228 

Revenue  Cutters,         30, 

215,  231 
Rexdjile,  114 

RlH'inberjjer.  172 

Rhode  Isliind,  67,  307 
Riee,  10!t,  1.50,  1.58,  313 
Rich,  214.  210,  220,  240,  313 
Riehiirds,  37 

Richards  Lt.    Infantry, 
.    217,  347 
Richardson,       29,  08,  82, 

117,  121,154,200,3)3,  31)7 
Richmond,  300 

Ricliniond's  Ishmd,    05, 

87,  302,  300 
Rickcr,    22,  27,  28,  29,  40, 

232,  240,  313 
Ridgcwood,  X.  J.,       3f>(> 
Ridgwav,  112 

Rlgby,  280,  281 

Riggs,  72,  219,  202 

Rindge,  X.  H.,  79 

Rines,  51,202 

Ring,  231,  314,  .317 

Riplev,  120 

Ritter,  1.57 

Riverside,  Cal.,  308- 

Roberts,     27,  28,  208,  232, 

202,  31'3 
Robie,      37,  226,  230,  273, 

312,  314 
Robin  Hood,  .303 

Robinson,  262, 314 

Robison,  9 

Rocliester,  N.  Y.,  120 
Kocltland,  Me.,     38,  39, 

230,  314,  333 
Rodman,  143 
Rogers,    9,  214,   219,   221, 

231,  257,  314 

Rolfe,  63 

Rome,  189 

Root,  70,  76,  152,  166,  167 
Ross,  265,  3(i7 

Roy,  116 

Royalists,  280,  326,  .3.52 
Royalsborougli,  Me.,  102 


Ruby, 
Rullin, 
Rumery, 

Runneils, 

Russell, 

Russwurin, 

Rust, 

Ruter, 

Ryan, 

Rygli. 


84,  H5 

188 

27,  28 

108 

214,  261,  262 

;i35 

215,  229 

109 

83,  l.!2 

146 


Sabine,  220 

8accarappa,      7,181,183 
Saco,  Me.,      37,  .38,  65.  88, 

105,  154,  199,  230,  231,235 
Sadler,  126,  127 

Safford,  73 

Sailors'    Snug    Harbor, 

a50 
Salem,    ,36,57,  66,  71,  1,54, 

2.35,    273,   282,    291,   313, 

314,  .325 
Salmon  l'\'Uls,  N.  H.,  293 
Samaritan    Asst).,      126, 

192,205 


Sanltorn,  109,  220 

Sanderson,  111 

Sands,  38,  347 

San  lord,         9,  38,  77,  347 
Sandy  Point,  7,  8,  13 

Sandy  River,  1.32 

San  Francisco,  36,  37, 60, 

283,  348,  366 
Sariient,  19,  21,  23,  40 

Saunders,  32, 51 

Savels,  139 

Sawyer,   22,  23,  27,  28,  29, 

31,32,  48,  49,  51,  141,213, 

215,    220,    229,    234,  262, 

313,  ;{66 
Scales,  209 

Scan<linavian,  146 

Scan  ion,  2(!0 

Scarborough,  88, 162,302, 

,3,31 
Scairitt,  109 

Scliools,     8,  24,  25.  29,  30, 

31,  40,4.5,  49,   ,52,   ,53,   ,54, 

77-79,    91,    117,   119,   212, 

218,    219,    220,  239,    320, 

321.  334,  339,  340,  359,  364, 

307 
Schouler,  316 

Scotland,  147,  335 

Scott.    37,  46,  120,  142,  ,3.55 
Scribner,  217 

Scully,  215,  260 

Seaburv,  214 

Seavey",  140 

Sebago  Lalie,        242,  308 
Seliec,  Mc,  38,  347 

Second  Adventists,    143 
Second   Parish  Churcli, 

76-81,  83,   86,  89,   90,  91, 

96-100,  163,  260 
Sedan,  284 

Sei<lers,       48,  49,  213,  313 
Selectmen,  371 

Senter,  29,  30,  48,  49,  140, 

154,  213 

64 
82,  83,  240,  367 
64 
120 
144 
230 


Sermons, 

Sewall. 

Seymour, 

Shailer, 

Sharith  Israel, 

Sharrer, 


Shaw,       28,  32,  48,  49,  51, 

,54,  96,  97,   111,   116,  123, 

1,50,  1,58,  213,  215,  260,  261, 

2()2,  371 

Shaylor,  240,  261 

Shea.  1.33 

Sliead.  367 

Shcehan.  220 

Sh(>fficl<l.  Mass.,  1.52,166, 

167 
Sheldon,  240 

Shcnandoali  Co.,         367 


Shepard. 
Sheplcy, 

'J61,  260 
Shcrwootl, 
Shindel, 
Shirh'v, 
Short,' 
Sias, 
Sills, 

Simonton, 
Sims. 


84 
91.  217,  2,30, 


37,  .3,59 

215,  229 

81,  231,  314,  324 

31 

109 

64,  71,  76,  261 

.302,  314 

214,  2',: 


Sixty-Nine  Society,    1<84 
Skclding.  214,  227 

Skilllngs.  117 

Skowhegan.  Mc..  .38.  230 
Sniidl,        79.  118,  123,  128. 
140,  151,  1.54.  lliO.  219 


Smith,      19,  20,  23,  28,  29, 

37,  .38,   40,   44,  .58,  59.  6i<, 

71,  72,  74,  7(i,   77,   82,  84, 

89,  90,  124,  125,   126,    205, 

207,   213,   220,     230,    231, 

234,  2.35,  237,  240,  241,  242, 

257.  261,  265,  28;^,  287,  296, 

323,  324,  .3.3(>,  339,  363,  365, 

.367,  371 
Smyth,  14,3 

Snetlien,  106 

Snow,  30 

Somers,  32,  51 

Snowdcn,  84 

Soulc,  106,223,231,313 
Southard,  217 

Soiithgate,    37,68,81,83, 

335,  35t) 
Soutliworth,  1,54,  292 

Sons  of  Maine,  38,  314 
Sons  of  Temperance  ,221, 

240 
Sons   of    Veterans,    217, 

230,  208 
South  IJerwick,  Me.,  142 
South  Carolina,  192 

South  FrtH'port,  Me.,  231 
South  lladley,  Mass.,  79 
South    Hampton,  N.  Y., 

144 
Sparks,  00 

Spain,  300,  307 

Sparrow,  219,  261 

Sprague,  48,  49,  21  i,  329 
Spring,     22,  23,  26,  27,  28, 

39,  42,  261 ,  .360 
Springer,   37,  44,  111,  203, 

3.51,  3,52 
Springllcld,  :\Iass.,      .367 
Spurwiid<,     279,  282,  289, 

294,  298,  302 
St.  Aloysius,  136 

St.     Do'minics     Church, 

1.33.  134,  135 
St.  John,  X.  B.,  36,  38,72, 

126,  132,  1.54,  170,197,231, 

240,  242,  273,  313,320,  347, 

353 
St.  Lawrence  St.  Cli.,95, 

9(>.  9K.  99,  178 
St.  I,()uis.Mo..231,.314,  367 
St.  Luke's  Cathedral,  64, 

68,  69,  70,  7,3.  75.  307 
St.  I'aid's  Churcli,  58,  05, 

66,  67,  ()9,  72,  74,  75,  76, 

77,  107,  120,  3,53,  367 
St.  Stephen's  Cli.,    67-70, 

71,  75,  307 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  137, 

1.38 
Stackpole,  189,  3(i7 

Stainer,  299 

Stamford,  Conn.,  36,  364 
Staidey,  260 

Stanford's  Ledge,  303 
Staples,  114,  123,  224,  258, 

261 
State    of    Maine,  news- 

jiaper,  31(i 
Stale  College,  .38 

State  Street  Church,  87, 

99,  100.  317 
Stat  en  Island.  .30,  a50, 3,56 
St(;ain  Fire  Kngine,    257 
Steam  Roller,  258 

Stearns.  216 

Stebhins,  37.  60,  .348 

Sterling,  116,  117 

Stetson,    217.  230,  323,  340 


Stephens,  37,  44,  361 

Stei)lu-nson,       9,  261,  232 
Stevens,  30,  32,  .37,  4.3,  46, 
51,  63,  64,204,222,231,  233, 
261,  270,  271,  313,  328,  360 
Stewart,  29 

Stoekbridge,        123,  150, 

1.58,  367 
Stockman,  31,  144 

Stockton,  Cal.,  231 

Stoekwell,  214 

Stone,  142,  261,  3()7 

Stone  church,  184 

Stoneman,  106 

Storer,  9,  81 

Story,  263 

Stowe,  81,190 

Stowell,  272 

Street  Department,  212, 

224 

Street  Railroad,  24 

Streeter,  126,  127 

Strickland,  214 

Strong,  219 

Stroudwater,  .58 

Strout,  240 

Stubbs,  223 

Sturtevant,  12,3,  142 

Sulivan,  31,  .51 

Sumner,  192 

Sumpter,  190 

Sumlay  services,  149-209 

j  Sunday  Times,  114 

I  Sun  Tavern,  2.35 

I  Swatara,   V.   S.   S.,    227, 

I      230 

[  Swedenborgians,110-]12, 
138-143 
Swcetsir,  100,  261 

I  Swett.  48,  49,  146,  213,215. 

220,  2(>0 
j  Sylvester,  9,  31,  51 

[  Synies,  1.56 

Symonds,  19,  20.  125,  2ia 
I      261,  296,  321 

Tal)leaux,  2.33-237 

Taney,  188 

1  Tash,"  29,  40,  52 

I  Tate,  66,  72 

Taylor,       102,  10.5-109,  193 

Temporary  Home,      208 

I  Ten  Uroeek,         67,  73,  75 

Tennessee,   U.  S.  S.,    .36, 

:20,  227, 228,  230,  368,  370 
Teniu-y,  83,  364 

Texas,"  45,46,367 

ThateheT,  79 

ThatcherPost,  G.  A.  R., 

262 
Theater,  122 

Third  Parish,  Cong.,  80, 

81,82,85,80,90.91.99 
Tliomas,  29,  40,  47,  48,  49, 
i      154,  189,  227,  2(;0,  261 
Tliomi)son,  .30.  41, 129,189. 

213,  214,  227,  2,33,  260,  .340 
Thorndike,  240 

Thrasher,  9,  77,  120 

Thtirston,  48,  49,  1,50,  154, 

158,  213,  260,  274 
Tliwing,  92,  98 

Tibbetts,  260 

Ticonderoga,  290 

Tilto7i.  162.  231 

Times.  X.  Y..  316 

Tinker,  115,116.1,54 

Titcomb,      9.  63.  108,  119. 

287 


INDEX. 


T»)bl»-.  220 

Ti.cld,  323,  325 

Tolford,  2««),  2«5 

Tolniiin.    25),  213.  -.'18,  221, 

241  1 

Toombs,  188 

Towie,  24() 

T(twi»  House,  12(!  , 

Tract  Society .  206 

Traftoii.  117  ! 

Transcript,  Portland,  4C 
Trades'   I'rocessioii,    31. 

;<2,  4i>,  50,  51.  212.  2-l-'224. 

243-255 

Names  of  parti<'ii>aiits 

31,  32,  51,  2-21-224,  243-2.')5 
Trausi)ortation  dlv.,  212 
Trasl<.  117 

Travelers,   Maine  Com- 
mercial Asso..    222,  243 
Trefethcn.     18,  27.  28,  2i», 

232,  313.  314 
Trelawnev,  279, 289 

Tribune,  N.  Y.,  316 

Tribune,  Minn.,  3<J6  : 

Tricl<ev,  314 

Trinity  cluirch,  N.  Y.,  09 
Tripp,  332 

Tro\vl)rldge,  3<)7 

True,  48,  49,  107,  108,  213, 

214,  217.  2(H),  Ml 
Tuel<er,  218,  232.  233,  261, 

265,  268,  279 
Tuckerman,  63 

Tufts  Collcfie,        127,  129 
Tultev,  9,  45,  77  I 

Turner,     81.  113,  126,  219,  | 

2tM),  262 
Twiteliell.  260 

Two  Lights,  302  I 

Tyler,     80,  81,  8(i,  265,  260  , 

I'nion  church,  92,  96 

Union  Hall,      ()8,  12;t,  144 
Union,  Mutual  Lile  Ins. 

Co.,  262 

TTnion  wharf,  270 

Initarians,  57,  60,  62,  63, 

76,  99,  110.  143,  207  (see  t 

First  Parlsli,  Park  st. 

churdi)  I 

United  States,   34,  42,  68,  ! 

110,  141,  188,  2.38,  28.3,  287 
Upham,  68, 367 


Universallst.s,      125,  126, 

129,  130,  131,205,  207  (see 

Chureli  of  Mes.siah) 

Urquart,  29,  242 

Utrecht,  283 


Vail,  80,  81 

Van  Blareom, 
Van  Dorn, 
Varney,  31,  219, 

Vassall>oro,  Me.. 
Vaujtlian,    9,  162,  284, 
Venice, 
Verrill, 

Vicksbuifi,  Miss., 
Victor  Kmanuel, 
Vigilant  (.engine), 
Vinton,  67 

Virgin,  30, 

Vlrgiida, 


Wade,  32, 51 

Wadswortli,  371 

Wainwright,  214, 228 

Waite,    7,  9,  72,  96,  97,  98, 

196 
Wakefield,  3(),  39 

Waldo,  290,  308 

Wales,  Prince  of         2!>5  i 
Walker,    29,  81,  92,   100,  j 

141,  2(M) 
Wallace,  148,  219 

Wallis,  72 

Walter,  "  69 

Walton,     82,121,231,371 
Ward,  10,11,15 

Ware,    31,  32,  51,  63,  266, 

323,  348 
Warren,     66,  260,  331,  371 
Wasliburn,      126,  128,  130  ! 
Washington,   I>.   C,    36, 

37.  1.54.  230.  231.273.  274, 

314,    323,    345,   346,   348, 

.357,  ;«)7.  369 
Wasliington. George, 151, 

160,  2t)4,  284,  290,  330 
Waterhouse,  108,  215,261, 

314 
Waterman,  231 

Watertown,  2.31 

Waterville.  Me.,   37,  120, 

330,  357,  Xm 
Watson,     30.  223.  2X5.  240 
Watts,  72,  299,  332 


Watts  Ledge,  302 

Way,  40,  260,  .340 

Waver,  106 

Wei)b,  125,  316 

Webber,  111,116,272 

Webster,  28,  142,  297,  335 
Week.s,  9,  218,  260 

Wegg,  32tt 

Weiss,  219 

Welch,  218 

Welch  man,  220 

Wellesley,  Mass.,  205 
Wells,  1(W,  296,  ;«i7 

Wells,  Me.,  88,  282 

Wentworth,  262 

Wescott,  29 

Wesleyan      University, 

107,  113 
Westl»rook,  6,  38,  87,  231, 

West  Cong.  Ch.,  94,  99 
West  Indies,  165,  182,  357 
West  Point,  73,  74 

Western  Cemetery,  320 
Western       Promenade, 

198,  ;U1 
Weston,     32.  81,  236,  260, 

264 
Wheelwright,         92,  261 
Whipple,  64. 82 

Wliite,  85,  230,  261 

Whitefleld,  Me.,     ;«,  89. 

90,  132,  133,  I'M,  137,  '230 
White  Head,  336,  339,  3(S 
White  Mountains,       25,  , 

201,  242,  243,  349  ! 

Whitman,  98,323 

Whitney,  140,  368,  369 
Whittemore,  1'26 

Whitten,  240, 274 

Whit  tier,  357 

Wicker,  1(X> 

Widows'  Wood  Soc.,  126 
Wiggin,  219 

Wilbraham  University, 

;13 
Willard,  293 

Willey,    110,111,133,154, 

189,366 
Williams,    39.  43.  84,  119, 

217,   22<t,    '260,   314,    333, 

StM),  367 
Williamson,      27,  28,  '232 
Wilmot,  X.  S.,  75,  352-354 


Willis,    12,  37,  44,  67,   62. 

(i.3.  88.  '2<Hi,  286,  2S8,    2'.»tl. 

3'24    .'J.%9    'Mt4 
WiMi'ston  cliurch.  92.  ft'J. 

99,  100,  102,  275 
Wilson.     IH.  19.  21,22,  •2:<. 

27.  '28,  29.  84,  85,  '206,  315. 

;«« 
Winch.  im 

Windham.  -Me.,  84,   Ur2. 

103,  l;«t.  141.  142.  314 
Wlngatc.         IW,  3'25,  ;i5l 
Winter,     154,279,281,314 
Winthrop,  279 

Winslow,    ia3,    lOl,    l«t. 

240,  260,  274,  '293,  324 
Wise,  11,  14 

Wiswall  (Wiswell),  9,  or.. 

m,  71,  72,  74,  75,  352,  3.54 
Wolff,  214 

Woman's  C.  A.,  20«i 

Woman's  C.  T.  U.,  208 
Woman's  V  M.  Soc,  207 
Wtiman's  M.  I'.,  2<Ni 

Woman's  Pliilanthroi)ic 

A.ssociations,  •204-20'.' 
Woman's  T.  Sw.,  208 
Wood,  200, '261 

Woodburv,   19,20,37,41. 

229,  '2C>0,  3-28,  .367,  371 
Woodford,  37,  »"8 

Woodman,  213,  260,  2<.I 
Woodwanl.  214, '2-27,  37ii 
Wool.son,    26,  37,  273,  21«i. 

343 
Worcester,    112,  141,  153. 

314 
Wren,  72 

Wriglit.  95, 98, 1.54, 174, 178 
Wyer,   41,72,326,352,35.3 


Yacht  Club,   221,  239, 
Yale  College,  82, 

Y'antic,  U.  i^.  S.,    227, 
Yarmouth,  Me  , 
Yarmouth,  N.  S., 
Yarmouth  Rifles,  30, 

230 
Yeaton,  109,113, 

Young,       48,  VM,  213, 
Y.  M.  C.  Assot'n. 
\.  Woman's  C.  T.  U. 
York,  57,  144, '223,  232. 

295 


240 
141 
2.'«i 
89 
46 
217. 

323 
t^ 
'221 
,  20!i 
260. 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 

PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 
PLATE 


T. 
IL 

in. 

IV. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 


Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 

Tyme." 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 
Tableau  — 


PROCESSION. 
"The  Natives." 

'The  Approach  of    Cleeve  and    Tucker.      1633." 
"  Cleeve  and  Tucker  building  the  first  log  house." 
'Old  Block  House.     1669." 
'The   Mowatt  Conference." 
'  The  Town    Meeting." 
'  Justice." 
'The  Way  ye  Folk  went  to   Meeting  in  ye  Olden 

"The  Old  (^aken  Bucket." 

'  Carrying  the  Mail." 

"  Portland." 

'  Flora." 

'  Music." 

'  Agriculture." 

'  Lhiited  States." 

'  Centennial." 


PLATE   XVIII.     Old  Town  and  City  Hall,  built  1825. 

PLATE       XIX.     City   and   County   Buildings.     First  erected  in  185(8-60.     Burnt 

1866.     Rebuilt  1866-67. 
PLATES    XX-XXI     Fac-simile  of  Badges  used  in  procession,  and  the  Centennial 

Medal  made  for  the  occasion. 


PLATE  A.  Display  in  the  Procession  by  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  R.  R.  Co. 

PLATE   B.  Same. 

PLATE    C.  Display  in  the  Procession  by  B.  A.  .Vtkinson  &  Co. 

PLATE  D.  Same. 

PLATE    E.  Union  Mutual    Life    Insurance   Co.'s  Building,  corner  E.xchange  and 

Congress  streets.     Decorations. 

IM.ATF>    F.  Two  of  the  thirteen  Teams  dis])layed  by  Walter  Corev  &  Co. 

PLATE  G.  Display  in  the  Procession  by  E.  B.  Robinson. 

PLATE  H.  Disjilay  in  the  Procession  by  Owen,  Moore  &  Co. 

PLATE  K.  Thomas  Mansion,  State  and  Danforth  streets. 


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Plate  XX! 


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